{"title":"Informality and Social Networking: The Huan Qian Practice of the Chinese Business Community in Morocco","authors":"Jason Jie Gao","doi":"10.1002/sea2.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article examines the informal financial practice of <i>huan qian</i> within the Chinese business community in Casablanca, Morocco. <i>Huan qian</i>—a low-stakes, small-scale currency exchange primarily between Chinese business owners and expatriates—operates in a regulatory gray area but functions as a vital social and economic tool. Based on 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Morocco (August 2022–December 2023), this study analyzes how and why members of the Chinese community engage in this informal practice to cultivate interpersonal trust and social networks, rather than to maximize short-term economic gain. By comparing <i>huan qian</i> to the more widely studied <i>hawala</i> system, the article underscores the distinct social logic of <i>huan qian</i> transactions, which initiate and strengthen social ties while reproducing hierarchical relationships within the diaspora. The concept of “networking informality” is introduced to capture how this everyday financial practice contributes to community cohesion and social order within the Chinese diaspora, while also fostering cross-cultural relationships with local Moroccans. In doing so, this research enriches the anthropological understanding of informality and the embeddedness of economic life, while offering new insights into the grounded, everyday dimensions of China–Africa and China–MENA relations beyond state-level or geopolitical frameworks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Now Everything Is Money”: Social Difference and Value in the Southern Andes","authors":"Camden Paillot","doi":"10.1002/sea2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sea2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article examines a variety of discourses on money and value originating in the Lares Valley of Cusco, Peru, among local leaders fighting to revitalize a nonmonetary exchange system called <i>chalakuy</i>. The expansion of financial money into the countryside has imbued <i>chalakuy</i> with a newfound political urgency whereby Andean ideas of reciprocity are mobilized as a counter to national currency. While currency is occasionally used in the communities that I describe, the flows are limited to certain contexts, and Peruvian bureaucrats who visit the valley misinterpret how and why money behaves differently at the local level. This ethnography presents an opportunity to consider how exchange systems rely on historically specific discourses and argues for a careful attentiveness to the distinct value systems of social and financial money.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Exploration of Credit/Debt in Impact Investments for Rural Development in Ghana","authors":"Claudia Campisano","doi":"10.1002/sea2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"This article sheds light on processes of credit/debt signification, negotiation, and contestation in rural development projects funded through social and impact investing. It does so by presenting the case of a development project implemented in Ghana by SustAgric‐Africa (SAA), a social enterprise aiming to lift smallholder farmers in rural Africa out of poverty by promoting sustainable agriculture. By looking at discourses and practices around credit/debt, and the role they play in enacting the relationship between service providers and intended beneficiaries, the article contends that the variable geometries in which this dyad manifests and is made sense of are based on differing and sometimes contraposing ethical horizons and worldviews. The article concludes that, on one hand, the neoliberal logic underpinning “impact” and “social” investments' arrangements facilitates hegemonic processes that tend to strengthen actors in more powerful positions, with their ethicomoral worldviews, and reproduce existing unequal patterns of wealth accumulation. On the other hand, however, it also reveals how intended beneficiaries' practices and worldviews open spaces for questioning the ethical and financial logics implicit in development projects like SAA's, potentially disrupting the plans and imaginaries of more powerful actors.","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imperial Policies and Well‐Being in the Prehistoric Andes","authors":"Donna J. Nash","doi":"10.1002/sea2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sea2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"At European contact, the Inca dominated the Andes. Some colonial commentators described them as benevolent because of their policies to prevent starvation among cooperative subjects; however, this does not mean that there were no ill effects to the well‐being of conquered groups. Archaeological research focused on well‐being offers new avenues through which to understand the impacts of expansive polities on subject populations. In this article, I propose some ways that archaeologists may assess well‐being in prehistoric societies using relative measures of poverty and social exclusion to establish expectations. This approach is applied to the Inca and Wari Empires and uses archaeological data from human remains, landscapes, and households. Current evidence cannot dispute claims regarding Inca policies that prevented the starvation of subjects but indicates that some people physically suffered due to increased labor demands. Other groups experienced forms of social exclusion and perhaps felt terrorized by the destruction of ancestral remains and the co‐option of sacred sites. The Wari Empire probably pioneered these tactics. Archaeologists, in addition to examining health, can examine the material indicators of imperial policies and consider how a group's cosmology might be used as a means to exert political control when assessing the well‐being of populations in the past.","PeriodicalId":45372,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}