Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health最新文献

{"title":"Risk-Factor Assessment and Sun Protection Behaviors of Ohio Farmers","authors":"S. Jepsen, Jill F. Kilanowski, E. Drerup, P. Brinkman, S. Duffy","doi":"10.13031/jash.15320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15320","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Most farmers never had a skin cancer assessment by a health professional, but almost 20% had a skin cancer diagnosis. While at risk for skin cancer, Ohio farmers have not widely adopted sun safety protection behaviors. Understanding sun safety practices of farmers may guide development of appropriate resources and interventions. Abstract. The purpose of the study was to identify sun exposure risk factors and sun protection behaviors from a sample of Ohio farmers. A convenience sample of farmers was invited to complete a self-report survey, either online or by paper and pencil at annual pesticide training courses and community-based safety programs. This cross-sectional and descriptive study used public domain survey questions by Glanz et al. and Oh et al. Respondents totaled 505 and self-identified primarily as male, married or with a domestic partner, white, non-Latino, with very fair to fair skin, and worked full-time mostly in field crops. Over 50% of farmers applied or reapplied sunscreen. Between 50% and 70% wore a shirt with sleeves, sunglasses, and/or a hat; a baseball cap was the preferred headwear. Farmers (67%) reported 0-1 sunburns last year, and 83% said they sit in the sun to get a tan. Younger farmers (<44 years old) spent more time in the sun to tan and reported fewer painful sunburns. Most farmers (58%) never had a professional skin cancer assessment, but 17% had a skin cancer diagnosis. While at risk for skin cancer, Ohio farmers have not widely adopted sun safety protection behaviors. Data may direct future multidisciplinary health and safety educational programming by state Extension outreach and healthcare providers. Keywords: Cancer, Farmers, Health risk behavior, Self-report, Sun protection.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences with COVID-19 Stress Among Hispanic/Latino Farmworkers","authors":"Brenda Berumen-Flucker, H. Galadima, Sylvia Shangani, Michele A. Kekeh, M. Akpinar-Elci","doi":"10.13031/jash.15459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15459","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights The majority of Hispanic/Latino agricultural workers surveyed reported experiencing stress about becoming infected with and contracting COVID-19. A small proportion of Hispanic/Latino agricultural workers surveyed reported experiencing instances of COVID-19 traumatic stress. Hispanic/Latino farmworkers reported stress surrounding their ability to financially provide for their families as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Abstract. Hispanics/Latinos, particularly those that identify as foreign-born, are overrepresented in the agricultural sector in the U.S. Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, this subpopulation of farmworkers was recognized as an invaluable group of essential workers unable to implement COVID-19 protections. Previously validated COVID-19 stress scale measures were identified, adapted, and translated to collect COVID-19 stress data from Hispanic/Latino agricultural workers in two heavily agricultural counties in northeastern North Carolina. Participants were recruited using purposive convenience sampling. Data collection took place from June to November of 2021. The majority of Hispanic/Latino agricultural workers surveyed reported experiencing worries about catching COVID-19 (92.00%) and being infected with the virus (95.95%). A small proportion of the surveyed population indicated experiencing COVID-19 traumatic stress. More than half of participants were concerned about the impacts COVID-19 would have on their ability to see (53.42%) and provide for their families (58.33%). Farmworkers bore relatively heavy stress burdens associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Because this group is a vulnerable population at risk for adverse health outcomes, reports numerous barriers to healthcare access, and faces health and safety challenges related to acculturative stress, understanding their experiences with COVID-19 is essential for the development of protective and preventative efforts to improve outcomes among Hispanic/Latino farmworkers. Keywords: Agricultural workers, COVID-19, Farmworkers, Hispanic/Latino, stress.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing Education in Agriculture: Re-Evaluating Interest, Needs, and Growth","authors":"Garrett Taylor Hancock, Jason D. McKibben, A. P. Byrd, J. Lindner, C. Clemons","doi":"10.13031/jash.15331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15331","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Agricultural mechanic student’s perceptions of noise levels are above recommended exposure limit. Direct and indirect exposure to decibel levels in a laboratory setting aids in shaping student perceptions. Student perceptions can be affected by changes in course instruction. Abstract. Safety in agricultural laboratories is of the highest concern for teachers and instructors. While there is a known safety concern with hearing in agriculture, a deficiency in the attitudes and perceptions relating to the output of decibels of tools in agricultural laboratory settings has been identified. This research focuses on hearing and noise levels in an agricultural mechanics laboratory by exposing students directly and indirectly to noise levels through project-based learning and informational posters throughout the laboratory. Pre- and post-course data are used to address students' perceptions of noise level outputs and willingness to wear hearing protection. Pre-course responses show a disconnect between perceptions of noise levels and the given threshold for wearing hearing protection. This perception gap closed over the semester as post-course responses show an increase in correct tool to threshold responses. The frequency of responses aligned with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's recommended hearing protection threshold also shows growth. While there is still a knowledge gap that needs to be addressed, we feel that the exposure provided through both direct and indirect instruction throughout the course can lead to knowledge gained and perceptions changed. Keywords: Agricultural mechanics, Attitudes, Perceptions, Safety.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Single-Axle Tractors with Gasoline and Diesel Engine","authors":"K. Čopec, Igor Dukic, D. Filipović, I. Kovacev","doi":"10.13031/jash.15464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15464","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Operators of single-axle tractors are exposed to high levels of hand-arm vibrations. A single-axle tractor with a gasoline engine produces lower vibrations than a tractor with a diesel engine. The daily working time with the single-axle tractor should be limited to protect the operators. If daily vibration exposure is not limited, hand-arm vibration syndrome may occur in a relatively short time. Abstract. Single-axle tractors are often the only source of mechanical power for agricultural activities on small farms, but operators are exposed to high levels of hand-arm vibrations transmitted from the handles. These vibrations can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), which includes vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this paper was to evaluate and compare the vibrations transmitted to the operator’s hands from the handles of two single-axle tractors (with gasoline and diesel engines). The vibration levels were measured at engine idling mode and at full load during soil tillage. The frequency-weighted acceleration values during soil tillage were 11.76, 2.90, and 6.16 m s-2 for the single-axle tractor with gasoline engine, while the values for the single-axle tractor with diesel engine were 22.47, 6.83, and 7.95 m s-2 in the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively. As expected, significantly lower acceleration values were measured for both tractors at engine idling mode. The daily vibration exposure of the operator of the single-axle tractor with gasoline engine was 9.02 m s-2, and at such exposure, hand-arm vibration syndrome will occur in 10% of the operators after 3.09 years. For the single-axle tractor with a diesel engine, the daily exposure was 16.86 m s-2, and hand-arm vibration syndrome will occur in 10% of the operators after only 1.59 years. The daily working time with a single-axle tractor should be limited to protect the operators, and work schedules should be arranged to include vibration-free periods. Keywords: Ergonomics, Exposure limits, Hand-arm vibrations, IC engine, Single-axle tractor.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber Transportation Crash and Vehicle Defect Rates in the US South","authors":"Joseph Locke Conrad","doi":"10.13031/jash.15555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.15555","url":null,"abstract":"Highlights Crash rates among southern log truck fleets were 176% higher than log truck fleets in the Lake States. Vehicle and driver out-of-service rates were similar among log trucks in the US South, Northeast, Lake States, and West. The age and condition of log trucks did not explain elevated crash rates in the US South. Abstract. The US South harvests more than 200 million tonnes of timber annually, nearly all of which is transported from forests to mills by truck. Log truck fleets in the US South have been struggling with rising liability insurance premiums. The goal of this study was to compare crash rates and the condition of log trucks operating in the US South to log trucks operating in other US regions and trucks in other industries. A sample of inspection and crash data were collected from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Vehicle and driver out-of-service rates, vehicle defect rates, and crash rates among log truck fleets in the US South were compared to log trucks in other US regions and to 50 large non-log truck fleets. Crash rates among southern log truck fleets were 176% higher than log truck fleets in the Lake States and 48% higher than 50 large non-log truck fleets. Vehicle and driver out-of-service rates were similar among log truck fleets in each region (p > 0.25), but southern logging business fleets had higher vehicle out-of-service rates than 50 large non-log truck fleets (p = 0.02). Driver education, technology implementation, improved fleet maintenance practices, and weight limit parity on interstate highways may improve timber transportation safety. Keywords: Log trucks, Logging accidents, Logging safety, Timber harvesting, Wood supply chain.","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' Risk Acceptance and Attitudes Toward the Use of Quad Bikes by Children and Young People in Sweden.","authors":"Peter Lundqvist,&nbsp;Christina Stave,&nbsp;Eva Göransson","doi":"10.13031/jash.14558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.14558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Parents did not see themselves as role models for children regarding use of quad bikes. Parents seemed to misjudge their children's maturity and capabilities. Risk acceptance was a common issue, due to risk normalization. There is a need for an age limit for drivers of adult-size quad bikes.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>When seeking to explain the many accidents involving children on quad bikes, it is critical to understand the norms and risk perceptions of their parents, because parents are responsible for their children's safety. This study explored attitudes and behavior among parents of rural children using quad bikes and their experiences of incidents and injuries. Information obtained from two focus group discussions, one with young adults and one with parents, and an in-depth interview with a quad bike distributor was used to develop an interview guide. The guide was used in telephone interviews with Swedish parents (n = 41) and some children ages 5 to 14 (n = 9) between autumn 2015 and spring 2016. Analysis of the results revealed eight themes: (1) how quad bikes are used, (2) risk awareness, (3) safety information could help other parents, (4) parents' perception of children's abilities, (5) children's learning, (6) children`s perspective, (7) rules and responsibilities, and (8) risk acceptance. Major findings were that parents were aware of the risks and had a strong commitment to children's safety, but also showed risk acceptance. To increase the safety of quad bike use, recommendations to organizations and authorities are presented, such as an age limit for drivers of all adult-size quad bikes and safety labeling of quad bikes, with information clarifying the rules for specific vehicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers' Perceptions of Grain Bin Entry Hazards.","authors":"Serap Gorucu,&nbsp;Michael Lynn Pate,&nbsp;Linda Fetzer,&nbsp;Stephen Brown","doi":"10.13031/jash.14662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.14662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Survey participants had high levels of concern about being injured or killed in a grain bin entry incident. Most survey participants were aware of grain bin entry hazards. Education and training efforts should focus on safe grain bin entry practices as well as rescue procedures.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Agricultural injury data have shown that grain bin hazards cause many injuries and fatalities every year. To develop effective safety measures, it is necessary to understand farmers' perceptions of grain bin entry hazards. This survey study was developed and performed to determine farmers' perceptions of the hazards associated with grain bin entry. The survey was administered both online and at face-to-face agricultural safety events. A total of 162 participants completed surveys, with the majority in New York and Pennsylvania. Most participants were concerned about being injured (77%) or killed (66%) when entering a grain bin. Seventy percent of the participants indicated that they had entered a grain bin alone without an observer, and 60% indicated that they had no written emergency response plan. The participants perceived safety equipment (e.g., gas monitors, lifeline and harness systems, anchor points, respirators, and grain rescue tubes) as valuable, and they were mostly familiar with some of these devices. The participants reported a need for training and short educational videos related to safe grain bin entry. Recommendations for safe grain bin entry should focus on entering bins with an observer present and using lifeline and harness systems, gas monitors, and respirators.</p>","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Factors, Migrant Status, and Vulnerability to Increasing Temperatures among Hispanic/Latino Farmworkers: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Brenda Berumen-Flucker,&nbsp;Michele Kekeh,&nbsp;Muge Akpinar-Elci","doi":"10.13031/jash.14592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.14592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Cultural factors and acculturative stressors affect the health and safety behaviors of Hispanic/Latino farmworkers. Cultural factors and stressors also increase their risk of heat-related illnesses (HRIs). Interventions targeting HRIs in this population should account for cultural factors.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hispanic/Latino farmworkers have been widely recognized as a particularly vulnerable population in the U.S., with among the lowest levels of income and education in the country. Existing research has identified and explored factors, including cultural and demographic characteristics, that increase the vulnerability of these workers to adverse occupational health and safety outcomes. This review assesses Hispanic/Latino farmworkers' vulnerability to increasing temperatures and intense heat events, focusing on the role of demographic and cultural factors in heat-related health outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted using the search terms \"heat\" and \"(Hispanic or Latino) farmworkers\" and \"health\" over the years 2000 to 2020. A total of 348 articles were screened through a title review. The articles included in this review focused on heat-related illnesses (HRIs) and related symptoms among the population of interest. Hispanic/Latino workers were at heightened risk of HRI symptoms as a result of their work environments, working conditions, acculturative stressors, and other cultural factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Warning Methods for Remotely Supervised Autonomous Agricultural Machines.","authors":"Uduak Edet,&nbsp;Danny D Mann","doi":"10.13031/jash.14395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.14395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Humans who supervise autonomous agricultural machines require some type of warning to perceive abnormal conditions in the machine or its environment. Visual and tactile warnings were the most suitable warning methods for in-field and close-to-field remote supervision. This study will help improve the performance of remote supervisors and minimize unexpected incidents or liabilities during operation of autonomous machines.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>As agricultural machinery moves toward full autonomy, human supervisors will need to monitor the autonomous machines during operation and minimize system failures or malfunctions. However, to intervene in an emergency, the supervisor must first recognize the emergency in a timely manner. Existing warning devices rely on the human visual, auditory, and tactile senses. However, these warning methods vary in their ability to attract attention. Hence, it is important to determine which warning method is best suited to draw the attention of a remote supervisor of an autonomous machine in an emergency. To achieve this objective, participants were recruited and asked to interact with a simulation of an autonomous sprayer. Seven warning methods (presented alone or in combinations of visual, auditory, and tactile sensory cues) and four remote supervision scenarios (in-field, close-to-field, farm office, outside the farmland) were considered in this study. The findings revealed that a combination of tactile and visual methods was most suitable for in-field and close-to-field remote supervision, in comparison to the other warning methods. However, there was insufficient evidence to recommend the best warning methods for supervisors at the farm office or outside the farmland. This study will help improve the performance of remote supervisors and minimize unexpected incidents during field operations with autonomous agricultural machines.</p>","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39594561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of Known U.S. Injuries and Fatalities Involving Livestock Waste Storage, Handling, and Transport Operations: 1975-2019.","authors":"Mahmoud M Nour,&nbsp;Yuan-Hsin Cheng,&nbsp;William E Field,&nbsp;Ed Sheldon,&nbsp;Ji-Qin Ni","doi":"10.13031/jash.14615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13031/jash.14615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Approximately ten cases were documented annually over the 44-year period; 48% were in the last decade and 28% were in the last three years, primarily due to more aggressive surveillance and on-line access to incident reports. A total of 389 incidents involving 459 individuals were documented, of which 59% were fatal; >85% of the victims were male, with an average age of 37. 49 rescue incidents involved a total of 119 secondary victims, indicating that approximately 26% of the victims were secondary victims, including first responders. 20% of all victims, when age was known, were children or youth under the age of 21.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>There is limited published research exploring the frequency and causes of livestock waste-related fatalities and injuries among farm operators and workers. While there has been ongoing surveillance of mortality and morbidity involving agricultural confined space-related incidents, such as grain storage facilities, few resources have been invested in estimating the frequency of livestock waste-related incidents, which are often reported as primarily involving confined spaces. Existing surveillance efforts have historically underreported fatal cases, injuries, and near misses and misclassified these incidents as non-farm related. For nearly 40 years, the Purdue Agricultural Confined Spaces Incident Database (PACSID) has been used to document agricultural confined space-related incidents, of which manure storage and handling activities have accounted for 22% of the cases documented. The specific goal of this study was to address the gap in the current understanding of the frequency and severity of injuries associated with livestock waste storage, handling, and transport by: (1) developing a consistent way to identify, document, and code these cases; (2) summarizing all known U.S. cases, both fatal and non-fatal, currently documented in the PACSID; (3) identifying the most significant risks contributing to livestock waste storage, handling, and transport-related incidents; and (4) providing evidence-based recommendations and mitigation strategies to enhance the effectiveness of current injury prevention measures. The PACSID and other sources were mined for relevant data, and an aggressive effort was made to document additional cases through a variety of surveillance methods. A total of 459 individual U.S. cases from the study period (1975 to 2019) were identified, coded using a uniform coding system, and summarized. Overall, cases were documented in 43 states, with 66% (302 cases) documented in heavily agricultural and, more specifically, historically strong dairy production states. Of the cases reviewed, 59% were fatal, males ages 21 to 30 and dairy farm workers were identified as high-risk populations, 20% were identified as under the age of 21, and 49 incidents involved multiple victims. Farm injury data limitations and underreporting were problematic, especially during ","PeriodicalId":45344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}