China Geology最新文献

{"title":"Geological reservoir and resource potential (1013 m3) of gas hydrates in the South China Sea","authors":"Pi-bo Su ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Yun-bao Sun ,&nbsp;Yao-yao Lü ,&nbsp;Huai Cheng ,&nbsp;Wei-feng Han ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin-qiang Liang","doi":"10.31035/cg2024069","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2024069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate (NGHs) resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea, where NGHs are abundant. In this study, this study analyzed the applicability of resource evaluation methods, including the volumetric, genesis, and analogy methods, and estimated NGHs resource potential in the South China Sea by using scientific resource evaluation methods based on the factors controlling the geological accumulation and the reservoir characteristics of NGHs. Furthermore, this study compared the evaluation results of NGHs resource evaluations in representative worldwise sea areas via rational analysis. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The gas hydrate accumulation in the South China Sea is characterized by multiple sources of gas supply, multi-channel migration, and extensive accumulation, which are significantly different from those of oil and gas and other unconventional resources. (2) The evaluation of gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea is a highly targeted, stratified, and multidisciplinary evaluation of geological resources under the framework of a multi-type gas hydrate resource evaluation system and focuses on the comprehensive utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data. (3) Global NGHs resources is nx 10¹⁵ m³, while the NGHs resources in the South China Sea are estimated to be 10¹³ m³, which is comparable to the abundance of typical marine NGHs deposits in other parts of the world. In the South China Sea, the NGHs resources have a broad prospect and provide a substantial resource base for production tests and industrialization of NGHs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 422-444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of geophysical methods in fine detection of urban concealed karst: A case study of Wuhan City, China","authors":"Dao-han Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Jun-jie Xu ,&nbsp;Jian-qiang Wu ,&nbsp;Pan Liu","doi":"10.31035/cg2023046","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2023046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of modern livable cities faces challenges in karst areas, including ground collapse and engineering problems. Wuhan, with a population of 13.74×10⁶ and approximately 1161 km² of soluble rocks in the urban area of 8569.15 km², predominantly consists of concealed karst areas where occasional ground collapse events occur, posing significant threats to underground engineering projects. To address these challenges, a comprehensive geological survey was conducted in Wuhan, focusing on major karst-related issues. Geophysical methods offer advantages over drilling in detecting concealed karst areas due to their efficiency, non-destructiveness, and flexibility. This paper reviewed the karst geological characteristics in Wuhan and the geophysical exploration methods for karst, selected eight effective geophysical methods for field experimentation, evaluated their suitability, and proposed method combinations for different karst scenarios. The results show that different geophysical methods have varying applicability for karst detection in Wuhan, and combining multiple methods enhances detection effectiveness. The specific recommendations for method combinations provided in this study serve as a valuable reference for karst detection in Wuhan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 517-532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two stages power generation test of the hot dry rock exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China","authors":"Er-yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong-guang Wen ,&nbsp;Gui-ling Wang ,&nbsp;Xian-peng Jin ,&nbsp;Lin-you Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai-dong Wu ,&nbsp;Wen-shi Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng-ming Ye ,&nbsp;Wei Weng ,&nbsp;Kuan Li ,&nbsp;Jin-sheng Wu ,&nbsp;Xian-chun Tang ,&nbsp;Chong-yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing-da Feng ,&nbsp;Sheng Lian ,&nbsp;Li-sha Hu ,&nbsp;Gui-lin Zhu ,&nbsp;Xing-long Xie ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Li Yang","doi":"10.31035/cg2024082","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2024082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hot Dry Rock (HDR) is considered as a clean and renewable energy, poised to significantly contribute to the global energy decarbonization agenda. Many HDR projects worldwide have accumulated valuable experience in efficient drilling and completion, reservoir construction, and fracture simulation. In 2019, China Geological Survey (CGS) initiated a demonstration project of HDR exploration and production in the Gonghe Basin, aiming to overcome the setbacks faced by HDR projects. Over the ensuing four years, the Gonghe HDR project achieved the first power generation in 2021, followed by the second power generation test in 2022. After establishing the primary well group in the initial phase, two directional wells and one branch well were drilled. Noteworthy progress was made in successfully constructing the targeted reservoir, realizing inter-well connectivity, power generation and grid connection, implementing of the real-time micro-seismic monitoring. A closed-loop technical validation of the HDR exploration and production was completed. However, many technical challenges remain in the process of HDR industrialization, such as reservoir fracture network characterization, efficient drilling and completion, multiple fracturing treatment, continuous injection and production, as well as mitigation of induced seismicity and numerical simulation technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 409-421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology and mineralization of the Dongping supergiant alkalic-hosted Au-Te deposit (>100 t Au) in Northern Hebei Province, China: A review","authors":"Shi-min Zhen ,&nbsp;Da-zhao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhong-jian Zha ,&nbsp;Hai-jun Bai ,&nbsp;Jiang Wang","doi":"10.31035/cg2023097","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2023097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dongping deposit is the largest alkalic-hosted gold deposit in China containing &gt;100 t of Au. This paper presents a new understanding for Dongping ore system, based on the previous studies. The mineralization originally occurred at 400–380 Ma, simultaneous with emplacement of the Shuiquangou alkaline complex, and was overprinted by the hydrothermal activity in the Yanshanian. Isotope compositions of ores indicate metals of the deposit are mainly provided by the Shuiquangou complex. Ore-forming fluids are characterized by increasing oxygen fugacity and decreasing sulfur fugacity, while tellurium fugacity increased in the Stage II-2 and decreased in Stage II-3. These systematic changes are closely related to the processes of mineral precipitation and fluid evolution. Sulfide precipitation from Stage I to Stage II was triggered by fluid boiling, which leads to the precipitation of Pb-Bi-Te, due to decrement of sulfur fugacity. Condensation of gas phase containing high concentration of H₂Te leads to precipitation of Te-Au-Ag minerals and native tellurium. Based on these hypotheses, this paper present a polyphase metallogenic model as follow. During the Devonian, fluids were released from alkaline magmas, which carried ore-forming materials form the surrounding rocks and precipitate the early ores. During the Jurassic-Cretaceous, fluorine-rich fluids exsolved from highly factionated Shangshuiquan granite, which extracted and concentrated Au from the Shuiquangou complex and the Sanggan Group metamorphic rocks, and finally formed the Dongping gold deposit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 533-550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation, evolution, reconstruction of black shales and their influence on shale oil and gas resource","authors":"Shi-zhen Li ,&nbsp;Qiu-chen Xu ,&nbsp;Mu Liu ,&nbsp;Guo-heng Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-fan Li ,&nbsp;Wen-yang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-guang Yang ,&nbsp;Wei-bin Liu ,&nbsp;Yan-fei An ,&nbsp;Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Jiang-hui Ding ,&nbsp;Qian-chao Li ,&nbsp;Chao-gang Fang","doi":"10.31035/cg2024060","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2024060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black shales are important products of material cycling and energy exchange among the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. They are widely distributed throughout geological history and provide essential energy and mineral resources for the development of human society. They also record the evolution process of the earth and improve the understanding of the earth. This review focuses on the diagenesis and formation mechanisms of black shales sedimentation, composition, evolution, and reconstruction, which have had a significant impact on the formation and enrichment of shale oil and gas. In terms of sedimentary environment, black shales can be classified into three types: Marine, terrestrial, and marine-terrestrial transitional facies. The formation processes include mechanisms such as eolian input, hypopycnal flow, gravity-driven and offshore bottom currents. From a geological perspective, the formation of black shales is often closely related to global or regional major geological events. The enrichment of organic matter is generally the result of the interaction and coupling of several factors such as primary productivity, water redox condition, and sedimentation rate. In terms of evolution, black shales have undergone diagenetic evolution of inorganic minerals, thermal evolution of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation, interactions between organic matter and inorganic minerals, and pore evolution. In terms of reconstruction, the effects of fold deformation, uplift and erosion, and fracturing have changed the stress state of black shale reservoirs, thereby having a significant impact on the pore structure. Fluid activity promotes the formation of veins, and have changed the material composition, stress structure, and reservoir properties of black shales. Regarding resource effects, the deposition of black shales is fundamental for shale oil and gas resources, the evolution of black shales promotes the shale oil and gas formation and storage, and the reconstruction of black shales would have caused the heterogeneous distribution of oil and gas in shales. Exploring the formation mechanisms and interactions of black shales at different scales is a key to in-depth research on shale formation and evolution, as well as the key to revealing the mechanism controlling shale oil and gas accumulation. The present records can reveal how these processes worked in geological history, and improve our understanding of the coupling mechanisms among regional geological events, black shales evolution, and shale oil and gas formation and enrichment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 551-585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runout prediction of potential landslides based on the multi-source data collaboration analysis on historical cases","authors":"Jun Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Zhuang ,&nbsp;Ai-guo Xing","doi":"10.31035/cg2023138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long runout landslides involve a massive amount of energy and can be extremely hazardous owing to their long movement distance, high mobility and strong destructive power. Numerical methods have been widely used to predict the landslide runout but a fundamental problem remained is how to determine the reliable numerical parameters. This study proposes a framework to predict the runout of potential landslides through multi-source data collaboration and numerical analysis of historical landslide events. Specifically, for the historical landslide cases, the landslide-induced seismic signal, geophysical surveys, and possible <em>in-situ</em> drone/phone videos (multi-source data collaboration) can validate the numerical results in terms of landslide dynamics and deposit features and help calibrate the numerical (rheological) parameters. Subsequently, the calibrated numerical parameters can be used to numerically predict the runout of potential landslides in the region with a similar geological setting to the recorded events. Application of the runout prediction approach to the 2020 Jiashanying landslide in Guizhou, China gives reasonable results in comparison to the field observations. The numerical parameters are determined from the multi-source data collaboration analysis of a historical case in the region (2019 Shuicheng landslide). The proposed framework for landslide runout prediction can be of great utility for landslide risk assessment and disaster reduction in mountainous regions worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519224001083/pdfft?md5=0e9e22cba04d49b82348fdc655e241d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2096519224001083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the hydraulic properties of loess for landslide prediction: A study on variations in loess landslides in Lanzhou, Dingxi, and Tianshui, China","authors":"Gao-chao Lin ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Xing Su","doi":"10.31035/cg2024006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2024006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Loess has distinctive characteristics, leading to frequent landslide disasters and posing serious threats to the lives and properties of local residents. The involvement of water represents a critical factor in inducing loess landslides. This study focuses on three neighboring cities sequentially situated on the Loess Plateau along the direction of aeolian deposition of loess, namely Lanzhou, Dingxi, and Tianshui, which are densely populated and prone to landslide disasters. The variations in hydraulic properties, including water retention capacity and permeability, are investigated through Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) test and hydraulic conductivity test. The experimental findings revealed that Tianshui loess exhibited the highest water retention capacity, followed by Dingxi loess, while Lanzhou loess demonstrated the lowest water retention capacity. Contrastingly, the results for the saturated permeability coefficient were found to be the opposite: Tianshui loess showed the lowest permeability, whereas Lanzhou loess displayed the highest permeability. These results are supported and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. In addition, the water retention capacity is mathematically expressed using the van Genuchten model and extended to predict unsaturated hydraulic properties of loess. The experimental results exhibit a strong accordance with one another and align with the regional distribution patterns of disasters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 291-302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519224001101/pdfft?md5=3b6cf33d494854f36bb2834750af68b0&pid=1-s2.0-S2096519224001101-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zircon U-Pb ages in the Nuratau ophiolitic mélange in the southern Tianshan, Uzbekistan: Implication for the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean","authors":"Kai Weng ,&nbsp;Ji-fei Cao ,&nbsp;Divayev-Farid Karibovich ,&nbsp;Jahongir-Jurabekovich Movlanov ,&nbsp;Bo Chen ,&nbsp;Zhong-ping Ma","doi":"10.31035/cg2023114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 365-368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519224001150/pdfft?md5=3cc7e7e09ad4301b6c443584de1754ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2096519224001150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing landslide hazards survey and management to reduce the loss of human lives and properties","authors":"Yong-shuang Zhang","doi":"10.31035/cg2024080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2024080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 169-170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519224001010/pdfft?md5=81070af2e7e68544148b48c336f538d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2096519224001010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and distribution of 13003 landslides in the northwest margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on human-computer interaction remote sensing interpretation","authors":"Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan-dong Huang ,&nbsp;Chong Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao-yi Shao ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Li-ye Feng ,&nbsp;Hui-ran Gao ,&nbsp;Yu-long Cui ,&nbsp;Shuai Wu ,&nbsp;Zhi-qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Kai Ma","doi":"10.31035/cg2023140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The periphery of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is renowned for its susceptibility to landslides. However, the northwestern margin of this region, characterised by limited human activities and challenging transportation, remains insufficiently explored concerning landslide occurrence and dispersion. With the planning and construction of the Xinjiang-Tibet Railway, a comprehensive investigation into disastrous landslides in this area is essential for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies. By using the human-computer interaction interpretation approach, the authors established a landslide database encompassing 13003 landslides, collectively spanning an area of 3351.24 km² (36°N–40°N, 73°E–78°E). The database incorporates diverse topographical and environmental parameters, including regional elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, distance to faults, distance to roads, distance to rivers, annual precipitation, and stratum. The statistical characteristics of number and area of landslides, landslide number density (LND), and landslide area percentage (LAP) are analyzed. The authors found that a predominant concentration of landslide origins within high slope angle regions, with the highest incidence observed in intervals characterised by average slopes of 20° to 30°, maximum slope angle above 80°, along with orientations towards the north (N), northeast (NE), and southwest (SW). Additionally, elevations above 4.5 km, distance to rivers below 1 km, rainfall between 20-30 mm and 30–40 mm emerge as particularly susceptible to landslide development. The study area's geological composition primarily comprises Mesozoic and Upper Paleozoic outcrops. Both fault and human engineering activities have different degrees of influence on landslide development. Furthermore, the significance of the landslide database, the relationship between landslide distribution and environmental factors, and the geometric and morphological characteristics of landslides are discussed. The landslide H/L ratios in the study area are mainly concentrated between 0.4 and 0.64. It means the landslides mobility in the region is relatively low, and the authors speculate that landslides in this region more possibly triggered by earthquakes or located in meizoseismal area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 171-187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519224001022/pdfft?md5=f97f0fa2cc27c2c724b4835dbdfd23a4&pid=1-s2.0-S2096519224001022-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}