China Geology最新文献

{"title":"Growth behavior and resource potential evaluation of gas hydrate in core fractures in Qilian Mountain permafrost area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Qing-guo Meng ,&nbsp;Chang-ling Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen-quan Lu ,&nbsp;Xi-luo Hao ,&nbsp;Cheng-feng Li ,&nbsp;Qing-tao Bu ,&nbsp;Yun-kai Ji ,&nbsp;Jia-xian Wang","doi":"10.31035/cg2023021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Qilian Mountain permafrost area located in the northern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a favorable place for natural gas hydrate formation and enrichment, due to its well-developed fractures and abundant gas sources. Understanding the formation and distribution of multi-component gas hydrates in fractures is crucial in accurately evaluating the hydrate reservoir resources in this area. The hydrate formation experiments were carried out using the core samples drilled from hydrate-bearing sediments in Qilian Mountain permafrost area and the multi-component gas with similar composition to natural gas hydrates in Qilian Mountain permafrost area. The formation and distribution characteristics of multi-component gas hydrates in core samples were observed <em>in situ</em> by X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) under high pressure and low temperature conditions. Results show that hydrates are mainly formed and distributed in the fractures with good connectivity. The ratios of volume of hydrates formed in fractures to the volume of fractures are about 96.8% and 60.67% in two different core samples. This indicates that the fracture surface may act as a favorable reaction site for hydrate formation in core samples. Based on the field geological data and the experimental results, it is preliminarily estimated that the inventory of methane stored in the fractured gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost area is about 8.67×10¹³ m³, with a resource abundance of 8.67×10⁸ m³/km². This study demonstrates the great resource potential of fractured gas hydrate and also provides a new way to further understand the prospect of natural gas hydrate and other oil and gas resources in Qilian Mountain permafrost area.</p><p>©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long-lived partial melting of the Greater Himalayas in southern Tibet, constraints from the Miocene Gyirong anatectic pegmatite and its prospecting potential for rare element minerals","authors":"Hua-wen Cao ,&nbsp;Qiu-ming Pei ,&nbsp;Xiao Yu ,&nbsp;Ai-bin Cao ,&nbsp;Yong Chen ,&nbsp;Hang Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiang-fei Zhang","doi":"10.31035/cg2022061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2022061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Cenozoic Himalayan leucogranite-pegmatite belt has been a hotspot for rare metal exploration in recent years. To determine the genesis of the pegmatite in the Himalayan region and its relationship with the Greater Himalayan Crystalline Complex (GHC), the Gyirong pegmatite in southern Tibet was chosen for geochronological and geochemical studies. The dating analyses indicate that the U-Th-Pb ages of zircon, monazite, and xenotime exhibit large variations (38.6–16.1 Ma), with the weighted average value of the four youngest points is 16.5 ± 0.3 Ma, which indicates that the final stage of crystallization of the melt occurred in the Miocene. The age of the muscovite Ar-Ar inverse isochron is 15.2 ± 0.4 Ma, which is slightly later than the intrusion age, showing that a cooling process associated with rapid denudation occurred at 16–15 Ma. The <em>ε</em>_Hf<em>(t)</em> values of the Cenozoic anatectic zircons cluster between −12 and −9 with an average of −11.4. The Gyirong pegmatite shows high contents of Si, Al, and K, a high Al saturation index, and low contents of Na, Ca, Fe, Mn, P, Mg, and Ti. Overall, the Gyirong pegmatite is enriched in Rb, Cs, U, K, Th and Pb and depleted in Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti, Eu, Sr, and Ba. The samples show a high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_{(16 Ma)} ratio of ca. 0.762 and a low <em>ε</em>_{Nd(16 Ma)} value of −16.0. The calculated average initial values of ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_{(16 Ma)}, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_{(16 Ma)} and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb_{(16 Ma)} of the whole rock are 39.72, 15.79 and 19.56, respectively. The Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic characteristics of the Gyirong pegmatite are consistent with those of the GHC. This study concludes that the Gyirong pegmatite represents a typical crustal–derived anatectic pegmatite with low metallogenic potential for rare metals. The Gyirong pegmatite records the long–term metamorphism and partial melting process of the GHC, and reflects the crustal thickening caused by thrust compression at 39–29 Ma and the crustal thinning induced by extensional decompression during 28–15 Ma.</p><p>©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleomagnetism of late Cretaceous dykes in the Gangdese belt: New constraints on the position and structure of the southern margin of Asia prior to the India-Asia collision","authors":"Zhi-yu Yi ,&nbsp;Si-lin Yang ,&nbsp;Joseph G. Meert ,&nbsp;Xu-xuan Ma","doi":"10.31035/cg2022077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2022077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper report paleomagnetic data from late Cretaceous diorite dykes that sub-vertically intrude granodiorites in the eastern Gangdese belt near the city of Lhasa. Our research goals are to provide further constraints on pre-collisional structure of the southern margin of Asia and the onset of the India-Asia collision. Magnetite is identified as the main magnetic carrier in our study. The magnetite shows no evidence of metamorphism or alteration as determined from optical and scanning electron microscope observations. A strong mineral orientation is revealed by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis both for the intruded dykes and the country rocks. The authors interpret this AMS fabric to have formed during intrusion rather than deformation. Fifteen of 23 sites yield acceptable site mean characteristic remanences with dual polarities. A scatter analysis of the virtual geomagnetic poles suggests that the mean result adequately averaged paleosecular variation. The paleomagnetic pole from the Gangdese dykes yields a paleolatitude of 14.3°N±5.8°N for the southern margin of Asia near Lhasa. The paleolatitude corresponds to an in-between position of the Lhasa terrane during about 130–60 Ma. Furthermore, the mean declination of the characteristic remanent magnetization reveals a significant counterclockwise rotation of 18°±9° for the sampling location since about 83 Ma. In the light of tectonic setting of the dykes, the strike of the southern margin of Asia near Lhasa is restored to trend approximately about 310°, which is compatible with the hypothesis that the southern margin of Eurasia had a quasi-linear structure prior to its collision with India.</p><p>©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium extraction from hard rock lithium ores (spodumene, lepidolite, zinnwaldite, petalite): Technology, resources, environment and cost","authors":"Tian-ming Gao ,&nbsp;Na Fan ,&nbsp;Wu Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Dai","doi":"10.31035/cg2022088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2022088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores, which has a defect in resources, environment, and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine. This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, and zinnwaldite by acid, alkali, salt roasting, and chlorination methods, and analyzes the resource intensity, environmental impact, and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite. It is found that the sulfuric acid method has a high lithium recovery rate, but with a complicated process and high energy consumption; alkali and chlorination methods can directly react with lithium ores, reducing energy consumption, but need to optimize reaction conditions and safety of equipment and operation; the salt roasting method has large material flux and high energy consumption, so require adjustment of sulfate ratio to increase the lithium yield and reduce production cost. Compared with extracting lithium from brine, extracting lithium from ores, calcination, roasting, purity, and other processes consume more resources and energy; and its environmental impact mainly comes from the pollutants discharged by fossil energy, 9.3–60.4 times that of lithium extracted from brine. The processing cost of lithium extraction from lepidolite by sulfate roasting method is higher than that from spodumene by sulfuric acid due to the consumption of high-value sulfate. However, the production costs of both are mainly affected by the price of lithium ores, which is less competitive than that of extracting lithium from brine. Thus, the process of extracting lithium from ores should develop appropriate technology, shorten the process flow, save resources and energy, and increase the recovery rate of related elements to reduce environmental impact and improve the added value of by-products and the economy of the process.</p><p>©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IUGS released first 100 Geological Heritage Sites and China has seven in the list","authors":"Li-qiong Jia ,&nbsp;Xi-jie Chen ,&nbsp;Ting Jia ,&nbsp;Zi-guo Hao","doi":"10.31035/cg2023004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscovite 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dating of pegmatite veins in the Bieyesamas rare metal deposit in the Altay Mountain, Xinjiang, northwestern China","authors":"Gengbiao Qiao, Ping Wang, Xiaohong Wang, Jun-lu Chen","doi":"10.31035/cg2023044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79772502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of the main factors controlling geohazards induced by 10 strong earthquakes in Western China since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008","authors":"Chao Peng ,&nbsp;Zhi-qiang Yin ,&nbsp;Xu-jiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai Shao ,&nbsp;Ming-fei Pang","doi":"10.31035/cg2022009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2022009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response. By studying these factors, the geomorphic and geological factors controlling the nature, condition, and distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards can be analyzed. Such insights facilitate earthquake disaster prediction and emergency response planning. The authors combined field investigations and spatial data analysis to examine geohazards induced by seismic events, examining ten earthquakes including the Wenchuan, Yushu, Lushan events, to elucidate the main control factors of seismic geohazard. The authors observed that seismic geohazard occurrence is usually affected by many factors, among which active nature of the seismogenic fault, seismic peak ground acceleration (PGA), topographic slope and geomorphic height differences, and distance from the fault zone and river system are the most important. Compared with strike-slip earthquakes, thrust earthquakes induce more high-altitude and high-speed remote landslides, which can cause great harm. Slopes of 0°–40° are prone to secondary seismic geohazards, which are mainly concentrated 0–6 km from the river system. Secondary geohazards are not only related to seismogenic fault but also influenced by the associated faults in the earthquake area. The maximum seismic PGA and secondary seismic geohazard number are positively correlated, and the horizontal and vertical ground motions play leading and promoting roles in secondary geohazard formation, respectively. Through the research, the spatial distribution of seismic geohazards is predicted, providing a basis for the formulation of emergency response plans following disasters.</p><p>©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology and mineralization of the Duobaoshan supergiant porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit (2.36 Mt) in Heilongjiang Province, China: A review","authors":"Sen Zhang ,&nbsp;Nan Ju ,&nbsp;Guo-bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan-dong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yun-sheng Ren ,&nbsp;Bao-shan Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Rong-rong Guo ,&nbsp;Qun Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen-ming Sun ,&nbsp;Feng-ming Xu ,&nbsp;Ke-yong Wang ,&nbsp;Yu-jie Hao","doi":"10.31035/cg2023006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit (also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit) ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33^rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world. It has proven resources of copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) of 2.28×10⁶ t, 80×10³ t, 73 t, and 1046 t, respectively. The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows. It is located in a zone sandwiched by the Siberian, North China, and paleo-Pacific plates in an island arc tectonic setting and was formed by the Paleozoic mineralization and the Mesozoic mineralization induced by superposition and transformation. The metallogenic porphyries are the Middle Hercynian granodiorite porphyries. The alterations of surrounding rocks are distributed in a ring form. With silicified porphyries at the center, the alteration zones of K-feldspar, biotite, sericite, and propylite occur from inside to outside. This deposit is composed of 215 ore bodies (including 14 major ore bodies) in four mineralized zones. Ore body No. X in the No. 3 mineralized zone has the largest resource reserves, accounting for more than 78% of the total reserves of the deposit. Major ore components include Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, Se, and Ga, which have an average content of 0.46%, 0.015%, 0.16 g/t, 1.22 g/t, 0.0003%, and 0.001%–0.003%, respectively. The ore minerals of this deposit primarily include pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and molybdenite, followed by magnetite, hematite, rutile, gelenite, and sphalerite. The ore-forming fluids of this deposit were magmatic water in the early metallogenic stage and then the mixture of meteoric water and magmatic water at the late metallogenic stage. The ore-forming fluids experienced three stages. The ore-forming fluids of stage I had a hydrochemical type of H₂O-CO₂-NaCl, an ore-forming temperature of 375–650°C, and ore-forming pressure of 110–160 MPa. The ore-forming fluids of stage II had a hydrochemical type of H₂O-CO₂-NaCl, an ore-forming temperature of 310–350°C, and ore-forming pressure of 58–80 MPa. The ore-forming fluids of stage III had a hydrochemical type of NaCl-H₂O, an ore-forming temperature of 210–290°C, and ore-forming pressure of 5–12 MPa. The Cu-Au-Mo-Ag mineralization mainly occurred at stages I and II, with the ore-forming materials having a mixed crust-mantle source. The Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit was formed in the initial subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate during the Early Ordovician. Then, due to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction and compression of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean, a composite orogenic metallogenic model of the deposit was formed. In other words, it is a porphyry - epithermal copper-gold polymetallic mineralization system of composite orogeny consisting of Paleozoic island arcs and Mesozoic orogeny and extension","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological risk assessment and early warning of heavy metal cumulation in the soils near the Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area, Henan Province, central China","authors":"Zhen-yu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan-yi Zhao ,&nbsp;Dan-li Chen ,&nbsp;Hai-tao Huang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu-jing Wu","doi":"10.31035/cg2023003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2023003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area is rich in mineral resources and has a long history of mining. The environmental impact of long-term mining activities cannot be ignored. It is of great significance to study the ecological risk and the accumulation trends of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas for scientific prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. Taking the Taowanbeigou River Basin in the mine concentration area as the research object, the ecological pollution risk and cumulative effect of heavy metals in the soil of the basin were studied by using the comprehensive pollution index method, potential ecological risk assessment method and geoaccumulation index method. On this basis, the cumulative exceeding years of specific heavy metals were predicted by using the early warning model. The comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil near the Luanchuan mine concentration area is moderate, and the single element Cd is the main ecological risk factor, with a contribution rate of 53.6%. The overall cumulative degrees of Cu and Pb in the soil are “none-moderate”, Zn and Cd are moderate, Mo has reached an extremely strong cumulative level, Hg, As and Cr risks are not obvious, and the overall cumulative risks order is Mo&gt;Cd&gt;Zn&gt;Cu&gt;Pb&gt;Hg. According to the current accumulation rate and taking the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land as the reference standard, the locations over standard rates of Cu, Zn and Cd will exceed 78% in 90 years, and the over standard rate of Pb will reach approximately 57% in 200 years. The cumulative exceeding standard periods of As, Cr and Hg are generally long, which basically indicates that these elements do not pose a significant potential threat to the ecological environment. Mining activities will accelerate the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. With the continuous development of mining activities, the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas will also increase.</p><p>©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative relationship between surface sedimentary diatoms and water depth in North-Central Bohai Bay, China","authors":"Zhi-wen Shang ,&nbsp;Jian-fen Li ,&nbsp;Holger Freund ,&nbsp;Pei-xin Shi ,&nbsp;Hong Wang","doi":"10.31035/cg2022040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31035/cg2022040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To study the quantitative relationship between surface sedimentary diatoms and water depth, 67 surface samples were collected for diatom analysis on eight profiles with water depth variation from the muddy intertidal zone to the shallow sea area in North-Central Bohai Bay, China. The results showed that the distribution of diatoms changed significantly in response to the change in water depth. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between the distribution of dominant diatom species, their assemblages, and the water depth was established. The water depth optima for seven dominant species such as <em>Cyclotella striata/stylorum, Paralia sulcata,</em> and <em>Coscinodiscus perforatus</em> and the water depth indication range of seven diatom assemblages were obtained in the study area above the water depth (elevation) of −10 m. The quantitative relationship between surface sedimentary diatoms and water depth provides a proxy index for diatom-paleo-water depth reconstruction in the strata in Bohai Bay, China.</p><p>©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}