China Geology最新文献

{"title":"Carboniferous-Early Permian heterogeneous distribution of porous carbonate reservoirs in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin and its hydrocarbon potential analysis","authors":"Shu-yu Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Jian-wen Chen ,&nbsp;Qi-liang Sun ,&nbsp;Yin-guo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Liang ,&nbsp;Yong-cai Feng","doi":"10.31035/cg2023059","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2023059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesozoic-Palaeozoic marine carbonate rocks are crucial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Central Uplift area of the South Yellow Sea Basin (SYSB). Due to the scarcity of boreholes and the significant heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs, the distribution of porous carbonate reservoirs and their related key controlling factors remain unclear. In this study, factors affecting the distribution of porous Carboniferous-Early Permian carbonate reservoirs in the SYSB were investigated through seismic inversion and isotope analysis. The log-seismic characteristics of porous carbonate reservoirs, sensitive lithology parameters, and physical property parameters were extracted and analyzed. The pre-stack simultaneous inversion technique was applied to predict the lithology and physical properties of porous carbonate reservoirs. Moreover, the sedimentary of carbonate was analyzed using isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and strontium. The results show that porous carbonate reservoirs are mainly developed in the open platform sediments with porosities of 3%–5% and are mainly distributed in the paleo-highland (Huanglong Formation and Chuanshan Formation) and the slope of paleo-highland (Hezhou Formation). The porous carbonate reservoirs of the Qixia Formation are only locally developed. In addition, the negative <em>δ</em>¹³C excursions indicate a warm and humid tropical climate with three sea-level fluctuations in the study area from the Carboniferous to Early Permian. The favorable conditions for developing porous carbonate rocks include the sedimentary environment and diagenetic process. The primary pore tends to form in high-energy environments of the paleo-highland, and the secondary pore is increased by dissolution during the syngenetic or quasi-syngenetic period. According to the hydrocarbon potential analysis, the Late Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Lower Silurian Gaojiabian Formation are the source rocks in the high-maturity-over-maturity stage, the Carboniferous-Lower Permian carbonate is the good reservoirs, and the Late Permian Longtan-Dalong Formation is the stable seal, ensuring a huge hydrocarbon accumulation potential in SYSB. The methods proposed in this study can be applied to other carbonate-dominated strata worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 58-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 Annual Report of China Mineral Resources (copper, gold, coal, etc.)","authors":"Li-qiong Jia ,&nbsp;Xi-jie Chen ,&nbsp;Zi-guo Hao","doi":"10.31035/cg2025001","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2025001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a NOx emission from coal power plants in Texas, United States and its impact on the environment","authors":"Mikalai Filonchyk ,&nbsp;Michael P. Peterson","doi":"10.31035/cg20230093","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Texas is the largest state by area in the US after Alaska, and one of the top states in the production and consumption of electricity with many coal-fired plants. Coal-fired power plants emit greater than 70% of pollutants in the energy sector. When coal is burned to produce electricity, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) are released into the air, one of the main pollutants that threaten human health and lead to a large number of premature deaths. The key to effective air quality management is the strict compliance of all plants with emission standards. However, not all Texas coal plants have the environmental equipment to lower pollutant emissions. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) were used to evaluate the emissions for Texas power plants. Data from both the Emissions and Generation Resource Integrated Database (EGRID) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) were used to examine emissions. It was found that NO_x emissions for Texas power plants range from 1.53 kt/year to 10.99 kt/year, with the Martin Lake, Limestone and Fayette Power Project stations being the top emitters. WA Parish and Martin Lake stations have the strongest NO_x fluxes, with both exhibiting significant seasonal variability. Comparisons of bottom-up inventories for EDGAR and EGRID show a high correlation (<em>r</em>=0.956) and a low root mean square error (0.766). A more reasonable control policy would lead to much reduced NO_x emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, characteristics, metallogenic processes and prospecting potential of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits in the world and lithium demand situation","authors":"Dian-he Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng-lin Liu ,&nbsp;Chun-lian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-can Yu","doi":"10.31035/cg20230128","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the rise of the energy storage industries such as new energy vehicles and the wide application of lithium in various fields worldwide, the global demand for lithium resources has been in explosive growth. In order to further comprehensively understand the global supply and demand pattern, development and utilization status, genesis of ore deposits and other characteristics of lithium resources, based on the achievements of many researchers at home and abroad, this paper systematically summarized the lithium supply and demand situation, resource endowment, deposit classification and distribution, typical geological characteristics, metallogenic factors and metallogenic regularity of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits which are the main types of development and utilization all over the world. The review shows that brine-type lithium resource and (or) reserves in the plateau salt lakes are huge and play an important role. In addition, the mineralization potential of the underground brine-type lithium deposit is broad worldwide. The potential resources of underground brines are enormous, and the geothermal spring water type is also worthy of attention. Brine lithium deposits are mainly controlled by the subduction and collision of regional plate tectonics, arid climate and provenance conditions. Strengthening of the scientific research on underground brines in the future is expected to provide another significant support for the global demand for lithium resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Mesoproterozoic mafic granulite and amphibolite dykes from Saltora, Bankura district, Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex, eastern India: Implications for their emplacement in within-plate setting","authors":"Poulami Roy,&nbsp;Bapi Goswami,&nbsp;Ankita Basak,&nbsp;Anwesa Sen,&nbsp;Chittaranjan Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.31035/cg20220082","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20220082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distinguishing high-grade mafic-ultramafic rocks originally crystallized from within-plate basaltic magmatism is challenging and crucial because the chemical composition of the igneous rocks has been modified during high-grade metamorphism, causing misidentification of the characters of the parental magma. Proterozoic metamorphosed mafic dykes occur throughout the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex (CGC) of eastern Indian shield. The E-W trending mafic dykes from the Saltora area in the southeastern CGC underwent metamorphism in two episodes: M₁ (650 MPa; 770°C) and M₂ (300 MPa; 744°C). The metamafics are enriched in LILE, depleted in HFSE, and display strong fractionation of LREE, nearly flat HREE patterns in a chondrite-normalized REE diagram, and show tholeiitic differentiation trend. Their geochemical affinity is towards rift-related, continental within-plate basalts. About 7%–10% melting of the carbonated spinel-peridotite sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) produced the parental mafic magma. The pre-existing SCLM was metasomatized by slab-derived fluid during the previous subduction. The upwelling of the asthenosphere in a post-collisional tectonic setting caused E-W trending fractures, lithospheric thinning, and gravitational collapse. These dykes were emplaced during crustal extension around 1070 Ma. The remarkable geochemical similarity between the mafic dykes of Saltora and Dhanbad, the ca. 1096 Ma Mahoba (Bundelkhand craton), and the ca. 1070 Ma Alcurra mafic dykes in Australia supports a genetic link.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 159-186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zircon U-Pb dating of the Shazibu Pluton in the Guocheng gold belt, Jiaolai Basin, Shandong Province: Implications for metallogeny of the Jiaodong gold province","authors":"Yuan-yuan Feng ,&nbsp;Ya-dong Li ,&nbsp;An-kai Geng ,&nbsp;Liu-an Duan ,&nbsp;Da-dou Li","doi":"10.31035/cg20230080","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 230-232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of lithium extraction solar pond in Zabuye Salt Lake: Theoretical calculation combined with field experiments","authors":"Tao Ding ,&nbsp;Zhen Nie ,&nbsp;Qian Wu ,&nbsp;Jiang-jiang Yu ,&nbsp;Ling-zhong Bu ,&nbsp;Yun-sheng Wang ,&nbsp;En-yuan Xing ,&nbsp;Mian-ping Zheng ,&nbsp;Yu-bin Li","doi":"10.31035/cg2024085","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2024085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li₂CO₃. Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3, the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li₂CO₃ and their pairwise interactions. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization. The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ (Upper Convective Zone) thickness of 53.63 cm, an LCZ (Lower Convective Zone) direct heating temperature of 57.39°C, a CO₃^2- concentration of 32.21 g/L, and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L. Following this optimized pathway, the Li₂CO₃ precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process, with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate. This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures, offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes. It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 26-38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of theropod materials enriches the dinosaur assemblages in Guangxi and expands the dinosaur distribution to the southernmost China","authors":"Xu-ri Wang ,&nbsp;Shu-bin Ju ,&nbsp;Yan-nan Ji ,&nbsp;Zhen Guo ,&nbsp;Qiang Ji","doi":"10.31035/cg20230131","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 233-234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of production well patterns for natural gas hydrate reservoir: Referring to the results from production tests and numerical simulations","authors":"Lang-feng Mu ,&nbsp;Hao-tian Liu ,&nbsp;Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai-long Lu","doi":"10.31035/cg20230124","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas hydrate is a clean energy source with substantial resource potential. In contrast to conventional oil and gas, natural gas hydrate exists as a multi-phase system consisting of solids, liquids, and gases, which presents unique challenges and complicates the mechanisms of seepage and exploitation. Both domestic and international natural gas hydrate production tests typically employ a single-well production model. Although this approach has seen some success, it continues to be hindered by low production rates and short production cycles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a new well network to significantly increase the production of a single well. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in natural gas hydrate research, including both laboratory studies and field tests. It further examines the gas production processes and development outcomes for single wells, dual wells, multi-branch wells, and multi-well systems under conditions of depressurization, thermal injection, and CO₂ replacement. On this basis, well types and well networks suitable for commercial exploitation of natural gas hydrate were explored, and the technical direction of natural gas hydrate development was proposed. The study shows that fully exploiting the flexibility of complex structural wells and designing a well network compatible with the reservoir is the key to improving production from a single well. Moreover, multi-well joint exploitation is identified as an effective strategy for achieving large-scale, efficient development of natural gas hydrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 39-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Paleocene–Eocene carbonaceous rocks in the Barmer and Bikaner-Nagaur Basins, western Rajasthan, India","authors":"Alok Kumar ,&nbsp;Khairul Azlan Mustapha ,&nbsp;Alok K. Singh ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hail Hakimi ,&nbsp;Ali Y. Kahal ,&nbsp;Waqas Naseem ,&nbsp;Hijaz Kamal Hasnan","doi":"10.31035/cg20230121","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bikaner-Nagaur and Barmer Basins (Rajasthan) are the most important petroliferous sedimentary basins in India. For over a decade, the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in these basins. Paleocene-Eocene age rocks bear organic-rich sediments in these basins, including lignite and carbonaceous shale deposits. The present research investigates the source rock properties, petroleum potential and thermal maturity of the carbonaceous shale partings from the lignite mines of Gurha (Bikaner-Nagaur Basin) and Kapurdi (Barmer Basin) using petrographical and geochemical tools. The carbonaceous shales have high organic matter (OM), with considerable total organic carbon (TOC) contents ranging from 13% to 39%. Furthermore, they contain hydrogen-rich kerogen, including types II and II/III, as evidenced by the Rock-Eval and elemental analysis results. The existence of these kerogen types indicates the abundance of reactive (vitrinite and liptinite) macerals. However, the carbonaceous shales from the Bikaner–Nagaur Basin have oil generation potentials, with a high hydrogen index (up to 516 mg HC/g TOC) and a H/C ratio (up to 1.5) along with a significant presence of oil-prone liptinitic macerals. Apart from the geochemical and petrological results, the studied shales have low huminite reflectance (0.31%–0.48%), maximum temperature (<em>S</em>₂ peak; <em>T</em>_max) between 419°C and 429°C, and low production index values (PI: 0.01–0.03). These results indicate that these carbonaceous shales contain immature OM, and thereby, they cannot yet release commercial amount of oil. This immaturity level in the studied outcrop section is due to the shallow burial depth. Geochemical proxies further indicate the presence of both oil and gas-prone source rocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}