China Geology最新文献

{"title":"Distribution, types, metallogenic regularity and exploration potential analysis of zirconium deposit in China","authors":"Qiong-wen Liang ,&nbsp;Yong-shen Li ,&nbsp;Ying-cai Sun ,&nbsp;De-gao Zhai ,&nbsp;Hai-rui Sun ,&nbsp;Shi-xu Zhou ,&nbsp;Bang-lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Lü ,&nbsp;Jin-chi Xu ,&nbsp;Xue-feng Li ,&nbsp;Yi-lun Du","doi":"10.31035/cg2023098","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2023098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zirconium, prized for its exceptional corrosion resistance, high melting point, and unique nuclear properties, plays a critical role in multiple industrial sectors globally. Zirconium deposits are categorized into endogenetic and exogenetic types in China. Endogenetic deposits – including alkaline rock-, alkaline granite-, and pegmatite-type mineralizations – predominantly occur along the Tarim Craton's northern margin, the North China Craton, the southern Greater Khingan metallogenic belt, and the Yangtze Craton's western margin. Exogenetic deposits, comprising clastic sedimentary, weathering crust, and fragmentation types, are concentrated in South China's coastal zones. Endogenetic mineralization formed during Permian-Cretaceous magmatic-hydrothermal events linked to evolved alkaline granitic systems, while exogenetic deposits developed in Quaternary periods through weathering of zirconium-rich protoliths. However, economic extraction of endogenetic deposits remains constrained by rare earth element (REE) associations and radioactive complexities. Currently, China's most economically significant reserves derive from clastic sedimentary systems, particularly coastal placer deposits. This study systematically synthesizes the spatial distribution and metallogenic mechanisms of Chinese zirconium deposits, offering strategic insights for resource exploration and sustainable utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 408-430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesozoic superposed orogenic systems in eastern China","authors":"Ji-shun Ren,&nbsp;Jian-hui Liu,&nbsp;Jun-bin Zhu","doi":"10.31035/cg20250015","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20250015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Indosinian and Yanshanian orogenic movements are both important Mesozoic orogenies in eastern China. The resulted tectonic belts are neither products of the third stage of crustal evolution, as proposed by Chen Guoda, nor intra-continental (or intraplate) orogenic belts generated by intraplate dynamics, as argued by some scholars —rather, they are superposed orogenic belts formed on the pre-existing continental crust in eastern China due to Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific dynamic system. In the past, these orogenic belts were called the marginal Pacific epicontinental activation belts of eastern China. In the Mesozoic, under the effect of Paleo-Pacific dynamic system, the East Asia margin orogenic system formed along Northeast Russia-Sikhote Alin (Russia)–Japan-Ryukyu-Taiwan (China)-Palawan (Philippines) regions, while simultaneously the Mesozoic superposed orogenic system formed in the pre-existing continental crust in eastern China adjacent to the East Asia continental margin. The two orogenic systems, both driven by Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific dynamic system, developed synchronously to form the giant Mesozoic orogenic system in the Pacific tectonic domain in eastern Asia, radically changing the pre-Indosian tectonic framework of the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer combined with rice husk biochar on the immobilization of Cd and Pb in soil","authors":"Cheng-jie Zou ,&nbsp;Ze-ming Shi ,&nbsp;Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying-hai Zhu ,&nbsp;Lü-han Yang ,&nbsp;Xin-yu Wang","doi":"10.31035/cg20230050","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combined application of mineral fertilizer and biochar significantly improves the passivation of heavy metal-contaminated soil, surpassing the effects of individual application. This study has reinforced the validation of their passivation competence as soil remediation agents by examining the multifaceted role of potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer combined with rice husk-based biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures. The soil leaching column experiment, conducted based on the adsorption experiments, has facilitated our scrutiny of the passivation impacts of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) when introducing different proportions of mineral fertilizers and biochar into the soil. These results indicate that biochar's adsorption efficiency for Cd and Pb is significantly improved at escalated pyrolytic temperature conditions in a single solution. The biochar generated at 700°C (C700) renders adsorption effectiveness of approximately 84.24% for Cd and 99.74% for Pb. Biochar conspicuously registers superior adsorption efficiency towards Pb relative to Cd. The mineral fertilizer, which achieves an adsorption efficiency of 97.76% for Cd, is identified as the main adsorbent for Cd, although its competence is slightly lower compared to C700 for Pb adsorption. Within a complex solution, biochar and mineral fertilizer show reduced Cd and Pb adsorption levels compared to single solutions. There is a keen competition for adsorption surfaces witnessed between Cd and Pb, with Pb's distribution coefficient (<em>K</em>_d) notably outpacing that of Cd. The isothermal adsorption analyses depict that the mineral fertilizer follows the Langmuir model for Cd adsorption, while C700 conveys the Freundlich model for Pb adsorption. The soil leaching column experiment's results signify that the composite passivation agents significantly outperform the individual passivation agents in efficiency. The combined application of biochar and mineral fertilizer minimizes the cumulative leaching of Cd and Pb, with the optimal soil remedy proportion for heavy metal contamination being 7∶3. In practical application, mindful consideration should be accorded to the deployment ratios of different passivation agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 253-264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic relationship between shell fossils and shale oil: A case study of Jurassic shale reservoir in the northeast Sichuan Basin","authors":"Yong Ma ,&nbsp;Cheng-yu Yang ,&nbsp;Da-hua Li ,&nbsp;Hong-wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhe-jun Pan ,&nbsp;Yong-shui Zhou ,&nbsp;Dai-duo Zhu ,&nbsp;Ning-ning Zhong","doi":"10.31035/cg2024221","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2024221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benthic bivalves, the most widely distributed mollusks since the Mesozoic era, often inhabited environments where their fossilized remains are found adjacent to or intermingled with organic-rich shale. Recent Jurassic shale oil exploration in the Sichuan Basin has revealed that bioclastic layers, composed of abundant fossil bivalves and closely associated with shales and, exhibit significant hydrocarbon potentials. However, the microscopic structures of these bivalve fossils and their role in hydrocarbon storage and migration remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the microporosity of bivalve shells within the Middle-Lower Jurassic bioclastic shale in the northeastern Sichuan Basin using a combination of 2D imaging (thin section, SEM), 3D reconstruction (FIB-SEM), and permeability simulation. The micropores within the shell fossils range from 100 to 1000 nm in radius and are uniformly distributed in a grid-like pattern within the shell interior, where they host liquid hydrocarbons. The bioclastic carbonate layers exhibit an overall porosity of approximately 0.8%. Comparative analysis with extant bivalve shells suggests that these micropores represent residual pores from the nacreous brick wall structure. Due to the regular orientation of the shells and their microporous nacres, permeability coefficients along the long bivalve fossil axes are three to five times higher than those along the short axes. These residual micropores within the bioclastic fossil shells have a positive influence on both the storage and migration of shale oil and gas, making bioclastic fossil-bearing shalespromising sweet spots for shale oil and gas exploration in similar sedimentary environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 360-372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation process and potential of Jurassic tight sandstone oil and gas in Eastern Yangxia sag of Kuqa Depression","authors":"Cai-yuan Dong ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Zhen-ping Xu ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Wei-dong Miao","doi":"10.31035/cg2023063","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2023063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Jurassic tight sandstone oil and gas exploration and development in the eastern Yangxia Sag is a new field. To elucidate the origin, accumulation process and potential of tight oil and gas, the authors have conducted comprehensive analyses employing methodologies encompassing source rocks, oil geochemistry, and fluid inclusions. The results show that the abundance of organic matter of Jurassic source rocks is high, and the type of organic matter is of II-III and in mature evolution stage. The main source rocks of oil and gas are Huangshanjie Formation and Jurassic coal-bearing source rocks. Ahe Formation developed two stages of hydrocarbon charging, and the period is later than the reservoir densification time. Yangxia Formation oil charged before the reservoir densified, and the late gas charged after the reservoir densified. Hydrocarbon generation intensity of Jurassic source rocks has reached the basic conditions for the formation of tight gas reservoirs. Controlled by the difference of source rocks distribution and accumulation process, tight sandstone oil and gas accumulation conditions are better in the depression direction than in the southeast margin area. This study is of practical importance for expanding the exploration field and selecting favorable areas in the eastern Yangxia sag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 389-407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"10910 m! China's first Ultra-Deep Well completed","authors":"Li-qiong Jia ,&nbsp;Xi-jie Chen ,&nbsp;Zi-guo Hao","doi":"10.31035/cg2025005","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2025005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 463-464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of groundwater carbon pools to atmospheric carbon sinks: A case study of the Yinchuan Basin, Northwest China","authors":"Hong-yun Ma ,&nbsp;Jiang Liu ,&nbsp;Hong-na Ma ,&nbsp;Hua-qi Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng-zhu Li ,&nbsp;Yan-e Li","doi":"10.31035/cg20230102","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg20230102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing global warming, a common change today, requires achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality (also referred to as the dual carbon goals). Enhancing research on the carbon cycle is urgently needed as the foundation. Water, a key carrier in the carbon cycle, necessitates investigation into groundwater carbon pools’ contribution to atmospheric carbon sinks. This study assessed carbon stocks in the Yinchuan Basin's soil and groundwater carbon pools. Findings indicate the basin's surface soils contain approximately 24.16 Tg of organic carbon and a total of 60.01 Tg of carbon. In contrast, the basin’ s groundwater holds around 4.90 Tg of carbon, roughly one-fifth of the organic carbon in surface soils. Thus, groundwater and soil carbon pools possess comparable carbon stocks, underscoring the importance of the groundwater carbon pool. Studies on terrestrial carbon balance should incorporate groundwater carbon pools, which deserve increased focus. Evaluating groundwater carbon pools’ contributions is vital for achieving the dual carbon goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 295-302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Committee of China Geology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2096-5192(25)00084-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2096-5192(25)00084-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 465-468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Late Triassic (217 Ma) gabbro in the Yabulai District: Constraints on the Early Mesozoic evolution of the Alxa Block","authors":"Peng-fei Niu ,&nbsp;Jun-feng Qu ,&nbsp;Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Heng Zhao ,&nbsp;Bei-hang Zhang","doi":"10.31035/cg2023128","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2023128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 460-462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carboniferous-Early Permian heterogeneous distribution of porous carbonate reservoirs in the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin and its hydrocarbon potential analysis","authors":"Shu-yu Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Jian-wen Chen ,&nbsp;Qi-liang Sun ,&nbsp;Yin-guo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Liang ,&nbsp;Yong-cai Feng","doi":"10.31035/cg2023059","DOIUrl":"10.31035/cg2023059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesozoic-Palaeozoic marine carbonate rocks are crucial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Central Uplift area of the South Yellow Sea Basin (SYSB). Due to the scarcity of boreholes and the significant heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs, the distribution of porous carbonate reservoirs and their related key controlling factors remain unclear. In this study, factors affecting the distribution of porous Carboniferous-Early Permian carbonate reservoirs in the SYSB were investigated through seismic inversion and isotope analysis. The log-seismic characteristics of porous carbonate reservoirs, sensitive lithology parameters, and physical property parameters were extracted and analyzed. The pre-stack simultaneous inversion technique was applied to predict the lithology and physical properties of porous carbonate reservoirs. Moreover, the sedimentary of carbonate was analyzed using isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and strontium. The results show that porous carbonate reservoirs are mainly developed in the open platform sediments with porosities of 3%–5% and are mainly distributed in the paleo-highland (Huanglong Formation and Chuanshan Formation) and the slope of paleo-highland (Hezhou Formation). The porous carbonate reservoirs of the Qixia Formation are only locally developed. In addition, the negative <em>δ</em>¹³C excursions indicate a warm and humid tropical climate with three sea-level fluctuations in the study area from the Carboniferous to Early Permian. The favorable conditions for developing porous carbonate rocks include the sedimentary environment and diagenetic process. The primary pore tends to form in high-energy environments of the paleo-highland, and the secondary pore is increased by dissolution during the syngenetic or quasi-syngenetic period. According to the hydrocarbon potential analysis, the Late Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Lower Silurian Gaojiabian Formation are the source rocks in the high-maturity-over-maturity stage, the Carboniferous-Lower Permian carbonate is the good reservoirs, and the Late Permian Longtan-Dalong Formation is the stable seal, ensuring a huge hydrocarbon accumulation potential in SYSB. The methods proposed in this study can be applied to other carbonate-dominated strata worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45329,"journal":{"name":"China Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 58-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}