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Digital Scholarship in the Humanities最新文献

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Epistemic consequences of unfair tools 不公平工具的认识论后果
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad091
Ida Marie S Lassen, Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan, Mina Almasi, Kenneth Enevoldsen, Kristoffer L Nielbo
{"title":"Epistemic consequences of unfair tools","authors":"Ida Marie S Lassen, Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan, Mina Almasi, Kenneth Enevoldsen, Kristoffer L Nielbo","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad091","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the epistemic consequences of unfair technologies used in digital humanities (DH). We connect bias analysis informed by the field of algorithmic fairness with perspectives on knowledge production in DH. We examine the fairness of Danish Named Entity Recognition tools through an innovative experimental method involving data augmentation and evaluate the performance disparities based on two metrics of algorithmic fairness: calibration within groups; and balance for the positive class. Our results show that only two of the ten tested models comply with the fairness criteria. From an intersectional perspective, we shed light on how unequal performance across groups can lead to the exclusion and marginalization of certain social groups, leading to voices and experiences being disregarded and silenced. We propose incorporating algorithmic fairness in the selection of tools in DH to help alleviate the risk of perpetuating silence and move towards fairer and more inclusive research.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139583956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The analogy of computing 计算的类比
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad104
Willard McCarty
{"title":"The analogy of computing","authors":"Willard McCarty","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad104","url":null,"abstract":"The digital machine is analogical by design: with it, we construct models of phenomena that by definition of that term are necessarily partial approximations. For that reason, we learn more by conceiving of them as analogues rather than imperfect copies. As the foofaraw over AI would make clear to anyone who bothered to separate its strange wheat from the common chaff, analogy is key to the digital engine’s intellectual power, whether for good or for ill. (The one we must further, the other oppose, but in both cases, understand as fully as we are able.) Analogy is itself a Proteus, however, surfacing in different forms in different disciplines where the machine has found its applications. In the following essay, I chase it through a number of fields before returning to computing, with two examples of its application. I end with a brief note on worldmaking, which after all is what it’s all about, at whatever scale.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
AGREE: a new benchmark for the evaluation of distributional semantic models of ancient Greek AGREE：评估古希腊分布语义模型的新基准
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad087
Silvia Stopponi, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Malvina Nissim
{"title":"AGREE: a new benchmark for the evaluation of distributional semantic models of ancient Greek","authors":"Silvia Stopponi, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Malvina Nissim","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad087","url":null,"abstract":"The last years have seen the application of Natural Language Processing, in particular, language models, to the study of the Semantics of ancient Greek, but only a little work has been done to create gold data for the evaluation of such models. In this contribution we introduce AGREE, the first benchmark for intrinsic evaluation of semantic models of ancient Greek created from expert judgements. In the absence of native speakers, eliciting expert judgements to create a gold standard is a way to leverage a competence that is the closest to that of natives. Moreover, this method allows for collecting data in a uniform way and giving precise instructions to participants. Human judgements about word relatedness were collected via two questionnaires: in the first, experts provided related lemmas to some proposed seeds, while in the second, they assigned relatedness judgements to pairs of lemmas. AGREE was built from a selection of the collected data.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Digitizing the USPTO patent backfile 美国专利商标局专利档案数字化
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad096
Simon Rowberry
{"title":"Digitizing the USPTO patent backfile","authors":"Simon Rowberry","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad096","url":null,"abstract":"The digitization of the US Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) backfile of six million patents undertaken between 1951 and 2001 was a five-decade struggle, featuring several media transitions from print and microfilm to CD-ROMs and, finally, the Web. This mass digitization project is on a similar scale to Google Books and the Internet Archive, but it is rarely discussed within critical digitization scholarship or for its significance as a tool for knowledge production. In this article, I focus on the USPTO’s patent document’s digital and physical material form and how the current paradigm of access and storage of the digital backfile emerged. Through this case study, I build upon Ian Milligan’s distinction between the ‘text’ and ‘platform’ layers of a digitization project to demonstrate how historical decisions regarding format and metadata continue to influence how users retrieve and interpret documents, such as patents, online.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mapping Germanness in early 20th century USA: topic modeling and GIS within a small corpus framework 绘制 20 世纪初美国的日耳曼人：小型语料库框架内的主题建模和地理信息系统
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad102
Sijie Wang, Maciej Kurzynski
{"title":"Mapping Germanness in early 20th century USA: topic modeling and GIS within a small corpus framework","authors":"Sijie Wang, Maciej Kurzynski","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad102","url":null,"abstract":"The increased emphasis on language and ethnicity among German immigrants in the USA at the beginning of the 20th century resulted from inter-ethnic competition as well as assimilation pressures on Germans as a minority in American society. Following the unification of Germany and the improvement of German international status, Germans in America claimed superiority of German culture; middle-class advocates attempted to build a more united German-American community, fighting for a stronger voice on issues such as prohibition and German language education. These processes eventually led to the establishment of the National German-American Alliance in Philadelphia in 1901. The present article employs topic modeling and GIS techniques to examine the little-known conference proceedings of the Alliance and discuss Prince Heinrich “Henry” of Prussia’s 1902 visit to the USA. On the humanities side, we foreground the dynamics of the German diaspora who sought their own ethnic uniqueness and constructed historical memory during this period. On the digital side, we discuss different statistical evaluations of topic models as well as their applicability within a small corpus research framework.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unsigned play by Milan Kundera? An authorship attribution study 米兰-昆德拉的未署名剧本？作者归属研究
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad109
Lenka Jungmannová, Petr Plecháč
{"title":"Unsigned play by Milan Kundera? An authorship attribution study","authors":"Lenka Jungmannová, Petr Plecháč","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad109","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to being a widely recognized novelist, Milan Kundera has also authored three pieces for theatre: The Owners of the Keys (Majitelé klíčů 1961), The Blunder (Ptákovina 1967), and Jacques and his Master (Jakub a jeho pán 1971). In recent years, however, the hypothesis has been raised that Kundera was the true author of a fourth play, Juro Jánošík, first performed in a 1974 production under the name of Karel Steigerwald, who was Kundera’s student at the time. In this study, we make use of supervised machine learning to settle the question of authorship attribution in the case of Juro Jánošík, with results strongly supporting the hypothesis of Kundera’s authorship.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The internal structure of medieval Latin legendaries: a computational analysis 中世纪拉丁语传说的内部结构：计算分析
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad097
Sébastien de Valeriola, Bastien Dubuisson
{"title":"The internal structure of medieval Latin legendaries: a computational analysis","authors":"Sébastien de Valeriola, Bastien Dubuisson","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad097","url":null,"abstract":"Since the middle of the 17th century, scholars have been systematically describing numerous medieval manuscripts preserved in libraries and religious institutions that contain hagiographic texts, that is texts recounting the lives of saints. In this article, we apply quantitative tools to the resulting database to consider these codices from a new point of view. As such, we study their internal organization, that is the order in which their texts are arranged. We first present a visualization tool that allows to grasp this structure at a glance. Then, we describe a model to automatically classify manuscripts according to their internal organization, based on a constrained spline regression. The results of this classification task make it possible to identify the manuscripts that have a particular internal organization, called per circulum anni (following the course of the year), and thus to study their properties. Furthermore, they open the possibility to obtain clues regarding the origin of some codices and potential kinship links between them.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Topic modelling literary interviews from The Paris Review 巴黎评论》的主题建模文学访谈
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad098
Derek Greene, James O'Sullivan, Daragh O'Reilly
{"title":"Topic modelling literary interviews from The Paris Review","authors":"Derek Greene, James O'Sullivan, Daragh O'Reilly","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad098","url":null,"abstract":"The interview has always proved to be a rich source for those hoping to better understand the figures behind a text, as well as any social contexts and writing practices which might have informed their aesthetic sentiments. Over the past two decades, research into the literary interview has made significant strides, both in terms of how this literary genre is conceptualized and how its emergence and development has been historically traced, the form remains somewhat neglected by literary and cultural theorists and scholars. There is also a remarkable absence of distant readings in this domain. With the rise of the digital humanities, particularly digital literary studies, one would expect more scholars to have used computer-assisted techniques to mine literary interviews, which are, in terms of dataset practicalities, somewhat ideal, semi-structured by nature, and typically available online. Such is the question to which this article attends, taking as its dataset seven decades’ worth of literary interviews from The Paris Review, and ‘topic modelling’ these documents to determine the key themes that dominate such a culturally significant set of materials while also exploring the value of topic modelling to socio-literary criticism.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using ontology to model time description in historical Chinese texts 用本体论模拟中国历史文本中的时间描述
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad092
Linxu Wang, Jun Wang, Tong Wei
{"title":"Using ontology to model time description in historical Chinese texts","authors":"Linxu Wang, Jun Wang, Tong Wei","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Temporal information plays a crucial role in historical research, as it enables scholars to gain insights into the events and processes that have shaped the past. However, the complexity and diversity of temporal descriptions found in Chinese historical texts pose significant challenges for analyzing and interpreting this information. This article addresses these challenges by introducing the traditional Chinese time ontology (TCT Ontology), which integrates relevant concepts and different timing methods into an ontology. The TCT Ontology comprises four classes, including the TCT Record class, Chinese Calendar class, Historical Interval class, and Person class, to represent time descriptions in Chinese texts. By separating time records and the traditional Chinese calendar, the ontology provides a reference model for understanding time information in Chinese historical archives and serves as a basis for converting those time records to the Gregorian calendar. This accurate conversion is critical for humanistic research in Chinese history, as it enables scholars to engage in meaningful reading, studying, and research of the historical record.","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"57 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Digital Humanities and Literary Studies. Martin Paul Eve 数字人文与文学研究。马丁-保罗-伊夫
IF 0.8 3区 文学
Digital Scholarship in the Humanities Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqad095
Tiping Su
{"title":"The Digital Humanities and Literary Studies. Martin Paul Eve","authors":"Tiping Su","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqad095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqad095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45315,"journal":{"name":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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