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When Harry met Kelly: an overlooked result in the classical theory of optimal capital growth 当哈利遇见凯利:经典最优资本增长理论中被忽视的结果
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00477-0
Richard Watt
{"title":"When Harry met Kelly: an overlooked result in the classical theory of optimal capital growth","authors":"Richard Watt","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00477-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00477-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A classic problem in finance is the question of how an investor should optimally allocate wealth over one risky and one risk-free asset. This article reconsiders this theory under the assumptions that (1) the investor’s objective is to maximize the intertemporal growth rate of their wealth, (2) that the investor can make portfolio adjustments only in discrete time, and (3) that the risky asset is defined in each period according to only its mean return and the standard deviation thereof. This problem has been resolved only for continuous time. Here, the discrete time strategy for optimal capital growth is resolved for two different methodologies, and it is shown that the continuous time model is recoverable as a limit version of each of the two discrete time models. Finally, both of the methodologies considered lead to the same first-order Taylor’s approximation formula, which always gives a more accurate approximation to the true optimal discrete time strategy than does the continuous time strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-026-00477-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147642495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Group survival probability under contagion in microlending 小额贷款传染下的群体生存概率
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00482-3
Héctor Jasso-Fuentes, Alejandra Quintos, Xinta Yang
{"title":"Group survival probability under contagion in microlending","authors":"Héctor Jasso-Fuentes,&nbsp;Alejandra Quintos,&nbsp;Xinta Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00482-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00482-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the context of microfinance, a group of individuals undertake business projects that may interfere with one another. A \"contagious default\" happens if one person’s project failure leads to the default of another group member. In this paper, we apply a probabilistic approach to analyze the impact of such contagion among investment group members. Firstly, a general formula is provided to compute the group survival probability with the presence of contagion effect. Then, special cases of this probability model are examined in detail. In particular, we show that if the investment group is homogeneous, defined in the paper, then including more members into the group will eventually lead to default with probability 1. This differs from the non-contagious scenario, where the default probability decreases monotonically with respect to the group size. Afterwards, we provide an upper bound of the optimal group size under the homogeneous setup; so, one can run a linear search within finite time to locate this optimizer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Onflow: a model free, online portfolio allocation algorithm robust to transaction fees Onflow:一个无模型、对交易费用具有鲁棒性的在线投资组合分配算法
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00480-5
Gabriel Turinici, Pierre Brugiere
{"title":"Onflow: a model free, online portfolio allocation algorithm robust to transaction fees","authors":"Gabriel Turinici,&nbsp;Pierre Brugiere","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00480-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00480-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce Onflow, a reinforcement learning method for optimizing portfolio allocation via gradient flows. Our approach dynamically adjusts portfolio allocations to maximize expected log returns while accounting for transaction costs. Using a softmax parameterization, Onflow updates allocations through an ordinary differential equation derived from gradient flow methods. This algorithm belongs to the large class of stochastic optimization procedures; we measure its efficiency by comparing our results to the mathematical theoretical values in a log-normal framework and to standard benchmarks from the ’old NYSE’ dataset. For log-normal assets with zero transaction costs, Onflow replicates Markowitz optimal portfolio, achieving the best possible allocation. Numerical experiments from the ’old NYSE’ dataset show that Onflow leads to dynamic asset allocation strategies whose performances are: a) comparable to benchmark strategies such as Cover’s Universal Portfolio or Helmbold et al. “multiplicative updates” approach when transaction costs are zero, and b) better than previous procedures when transaction costs are high. Onflow can even remain efficient in regimes where other dynamical allocation techniques do not work anymore. Onflow is a promising portfolio management strategy that relies solely on observed prices, requiring no assumptions about asset return distributions. This makes it robust against model risk, offering a practical solution for real-world trading strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relative Arbitrage Opportunities in an Extended Mean Field System 扩展平均场系统中的相对套利机会
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-03-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00475-2
Nicole Tianjiao Yang, Tomoyuki Ichiba
{"title":"Relative Arbitrage Opportunities in an Extended Mean Field System","authors":"Nicole Tianjiao Yang,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Ichiba","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00475-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00475-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies relative arbitrage opportunities in a market with competitive investors through stochastic differential games in the limit as the number of players tends to infinity. With common noises introduced by the stock capitalization processes, we establish a conditional McKean-Vlasov system to study the market dynamics coupled to the expected trading volume of investors. We show that optimal arbitrage can be characterized as a solution of a Cauchy PDE constructed by the volatility terms in the market model. The structure of the market dynamics can be relaxed, and we provide a theoretical framework to study a general mean-field system, where the interaction is characterized by a joint distribution of wealth and strategies. In this setting, the optimal relative arbitrage constitutes the strong equilibrium of an extended mean-field game. We provide conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the mean-field equilibrium. We further prove the propagation of chaos result for the finite-player game counterpart, and demonstrate that the Nash equilibrium converges to the mean field equilibrium when the population grows to infinity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk averse asset allocation in a context of climate change with reinforcement learning and hidden Markov models 基于强化学习和隐马尔可夫模型的气候变化背景下的风险规避资产配置
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00476-1
Etienne Raynal, Stéphane Loisel
{"title":"Risk averse asset allocation in a context of climate change with reinforcement learning and hidden Markov models","authors":"Etienne Raynal,&nbsp;Stéphane Loisel","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00476-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00476-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We aim to address the challenge of identifying an ideal long-term arbitrage strategy that can adapt to an individual’s market perspective. In this research, we expand upon the existing body of knowledge regarding optimal asset allocation by employing a reinforcement learning algorithm rooted in a Markov Decision Process. The state space of this process is defined by estimating a Hidden Markov Chain (HMC), which serves to characterise the market dynamics. Our agent acquires knowledge about the market at each time step through this characterisation, employing the MAP algorithm to determine an optimal strategy. We then extend the agent’s state space to incorporate a physical risk index and a climate transition risk index. After showing the current limits to the integration of such indices, we explore three possible scenarios for the materialisation of climate risks on market regimes, which could be integrated into climate stress tests, and analyse the behaviour of our agent in each of these scenarios. This article therefore illustrates the relevance of estimating an HMC to construct resilient allocation strategies that could be used in climate stress tests that make assumptions about the impact of climate change on volatility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The value of information flows in the stock market 信息的价值在股票市场中流动
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00479-y
Hai Duong, Bart Taub
{"title":"The value of information flows in the stock market","authors":"Hai Duong,&nbsp;Bart Taub","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00479-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00479-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stock market traders who trade because of information they possess reveal that information to the rest of the market in the process of bidding: if the information is positive they bid up the price, and if it is negative they lower it. New information constantly develops and is brought to the market in this way, and because it influences prices, it ultimately influences the allocation of investments by firms.</p><p>Using a new approach, we estimate the flow of this information and the price of that information (different from the stock price), and thus the total value of that information, for each stock, and then sum up this value across all stocks, obtaining an estimate of the total value of the dynamic flow of information in the stock market as a whole. This requires digesting the records of millions of stock orders (including cancelled orders, not just executed trades) to construct the dynamic limit order book and estimate the information flow and value from its structure.</p><p>Our results support the notion that the cross-correlation of price impact across stocks is consistent with the capital asset pricing model: there is a single systematic component of price impact, and this is driven by the volatility of the systematic component of the stock market. This result suggests that by separating the underlying information into two components, systematic and idiosyncratic, informed traders distinguish between productive assets that have a systematic impact on the economy and those that can be diversified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-026-00479-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring global financial stress: is there any role for large language models? 衡量全球金融压力:大型语言模型有什么作用吗?
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00481-4
Mikhail Stolbov, Maria Shchepeleva
{"title":"Measuring global financial stress: is there any role for large language models?","authors":"Mikhail Stolbov,&nbsp;Maria Shchepeleva","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00481-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00481-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a novel sentiment-based index of global financial stress for the period between January 2004 and July 2025. It builds on the dictionary comprising English terms related to financial instability and selected with the aid of more than 200 large language models. The index represents the first principal component from the data series measuring the intensity of search in Google for these terms. It notably spikes with the GFC in September–October 2008, the outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, the onset of the Ukrainian conflict in February 2022 and the turmoil in the US banking sector in March 2023. The index is not driven by the extant financial stress or uncertainty measures, exhibiting moderate predictive power for some of them. Furthermore, it produces a detrimental effect on global real economic activity when the latter is in decline. The index Granger causes the worldwide frequency of currency crises, while exhibiting bidirectional linkages with the frequency of banking crises, triple episodes involving banking, currency and debt crises, and the implementation of macroprudential policy measures. Finally, we show that the dictionary underlying our global index can apply to elaborate country-level financial stress indices, using the USA and the UK as an example.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Markov Process Model of Joint Liability and Loan Repayment for Sustainable Microfinance 可持续小额信贷连带责任与贷款偿还的马尔可夫过程模型
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-026-00478-z
Perpetual Andam Boiquaye, Edward Korveh, Samuel Asante Gyamerah
{"title":"A Markov Process Model of Joint Liability and Loan Repayment for Sustainable Microfinance","authors":"Perpetual Andam Boiquaye,&nbsp;Edward Korveh,&nbsp;Samuel Asante Gyamerah","doi":"10.1007/s10436-026-00478-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-026-00478-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop a discrete-time Markov process model for group lending with joint liability to analyze repayment dynamics, income sustainability, and optimal contract design in microfinance. Borrower groups transition between application, beneficiary, delay, and re-application states, with transition probabilities determined by repayment success, delay persistence, partial repayments, and re-entry mechanisms. Using the stationary distribution of the resulting Markov chain, we derive closed-form expressions for expected discounted group income under both full and partial repayment regimes. The analysis shows that expected income increases with repayment success, re-entry probability, and partial repayment effectiveness, while higher delay persistence and default risk substantially reduce long-run wealth. We derive an endogenous optimal interest rate satisfying a lender break-even condition with operational costs and joint-liability spillovers. The resulting pricing rule generalizes zero-net-present-value loan rates to environments with delay risk and burden sharing. A sensitivity analysis indicates that larger borrower pools reduce equilibrium interest rates through risk sharing, whereas higher default burdens and costs necessitate higher rates. The modelling approach provides a tractable analytical basis for pricing and sustainability in joint-liability microfinance lending.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investor determined dividend policies 投资者决定股利政策
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-025-00473-w
Dilip B. Madan, King Wang
{"title":"Investor determined dividend policies","authors":"Dilip B. Madan,&nbsp;King Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10436-025-00473-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-025-00473-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assuming the validity of the Miller and Modigliani (1961) thesis arguing that investors can set their own dividend policies, two questions arise. The first asks, what are the levels of these investor determined dividend yields and the second asks what they should be. The dividend levels are addressed by employing put call parity relations in option markets to identify risk neutral dividend yields. Models for the reverse measure change back to the physical measure from the risk neutral one are then used to infer the physical dividend yields. Rational levels for the dividend yields are determined on demanding ex-dividend returns to be economically acceptable risky positions. Risk acceptability is defined using the principles of conic finance and in particular by measuring the degree of acceptability by the stress level of a distorted expectation. Estimates of dividend yields and their associated acceptability levels are evaluated for ten <span>(ETF^{prime }s)</span> and 35 stocks over the period 2015 through 2023 and observed to be consistent with those of the highly successful hedge funds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"21 4","pages":"391 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-025-00473-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A lattice-based algorithm for pricing derivatives in a fractional Brownian motion framework 分数布朗运动框架下基于格点的衍生品定价算法
IF 0.7
Annals of Finance Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10436-025-00474-9
Massimo Costabile, Ivar Massabó, Emilio Russo, Alessandro Staino
{"title":"A lattice-based algorithm for pricing derivatives in a fractional Brownian motion framework","authors":"Massimo Costabile,&nbsp;Ivar Massabó,&nbsp;Emilio Russo,&nbsp;Alessandro Staino","doi":"10.1007/s10436-025-00474-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10436-025-00474-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a lattice-based algorithm to price both European and American-style derivatives under the same fractional Brownian motion environment in which Hu and Oksendal (2003), Necula (2004), and Zhuang and Song (2023) obtain explicit-form formulas for European options. To manage the path-dependency induced by the asset value process, we apply a procedure recalling the forward shooting grid method. Hence, we discretize the asset evolution by constructing a grid made up of a limited number of representative buckets at each time step. For each bucket in the grid, we establish a binomial dynamics to identify the successors at the next observation epoch. Since the grid is composed by representative buckets, it may occur that successors do not appear in the grid. In these cases, we invoke interpolation techniques to proceed backward on the grid and compute the derivative price at inception. Numerical investigations show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45289,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Finance","volume":"21 4","pages":"435 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10436-025-00474-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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