Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia最新文献

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SELECTED DETERMINANTS ON THE PERCEPTION OF BEACHES AS A TOURISM PRODUCT","authors":"Damir Magaš","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Beaches are icons of summer tourism and a strong motivating factor for the arrival of tourists in the sun and sea tourism destinations. Spending time on the beach is one of the most popular forms of tourism leisure worldwide. Beaches serve both as recreational areas of coastal cities, and valuable ecosystems that provide natural and protective functions. The Croatian coast is relatively rich in this valuable tourism resource, but the management of beaches as a tourist product has not reached significant progress. This dissertation aims to contribute to the sustainable management of beaches as a tourism product and recognises the possibility of involving all stakeholders in this process by studying socio-demographic factors, preferences, satisfaction, and future behavioural intentions of beach visitors. This knowledge can make an important contribution to the beach management process because it can be used to make more informed management decisions. Which characteristics of a particular beach need to be improved, what facilities should be introduced or discontinued, beach managers can find out through social science research methods that can encourage participation of all stakeholders, increase visitor satisfaction and destination competitiveness, and thus lay the groundwork for more sustainable development of beaches as tourism products. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to develop a cognitive-affective-conative model of beach visitor satisfaction. This dissertation developed, validated, and tested an empirical model of beach visitor satisfaction by combining the sustainable development framework, international coastal zone management protocols, and national legislation with theories of satisfaction, quality, and consumer behaviour. The empirical model includes measures of beach visitor satisfaction levels with natural beach features, beach facilities, overall beach experience, emotional experience and their future behavioural intention. Methodology The study follows a mixed method design, employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method was used for the purpose of testing the links between model constructs. Kruskal Wallis and MannWhitney U tests were used in analyses of socio-demographic variable influences of beach visitors. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire on three separate beach locations in the Primorsko – goranska county littoral during the summer of 2021, with the paper assisted personal interview (PAPI) technique. A 5-point Likert scale was used in attribute level satisfaction and importance performance measurements. Qualitative methods include investigation by an unstructured inquiry of importance, concerning beach attributes not mentioned in the structured part of the questionnaire, as an opening of an unstructured interview with the beach visitor. Findings of the qualitative analysis have shown that beach visitors also value cul","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVISITING REVISIT INTENTION BASED ON A RAFTING SPORTING EVENT (EVENTQUAL)","authors":"Marijana Đurađević, D. Dimitrovski, Vladimir Senić","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - The study aims to examine the impact of service quality dimensions (based on the EVENTQUAL scale) on the revisit intention of sporting event and contrast the perception between first-time and previous participants. Design - The survey was designed to measure EVENTQUAL dimensions as independent variables (accessibility, staff, tangibles and complementary services) and revisit intention as the dependent variable. The moderating variable (type of participation) was also introduced to enable comparison between the perception of first-time (109) and previous participants (97). Methodology - The study implemented quantitative analysis, such as descriptive statistics, structural equation modelling (SEM) and multi-group SEM. Findings - The SEM findings revealed a significant positive effect of tangibles on revisit intention, while multi-group SEM results indicated the significant positive effect of tangibles on revisit intention solely for previous visitors. Originality - The study contributes to the existing knowledge by evaluating the EVENTQUAL model at a multi-site sporting event, acknowledged from the perspective of its participants. Moreover, the rafting event was observed in the context of a sporting event activity in contrast to previous literature in the context of adventure tourism.","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43024224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOURISM VOLATILITY TO EXTERNAL SHOCKS","authors":"Suzana Herman","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"International tourism of today is considered one of the main levers of job creation, generating income and foreign currency and foreign investment. Over the past few years, international tourism has been growing steadily, but at the same time this same growth is threatened by challenges in the form of various external shocks affecting the volatility of tourism. Volatility is described, according to many authors, as an unpredictable measure of the intensity of variations. These variations are associated with unpredictable crisis situations or events commonly referred to as ‘new shocks’ (e.g. terrorism, epidemics, natural disasters, exchange rate volatility, oil price, political (in)stability, wars, and various forms of criminal activities). Such global events have a profound impact on a wide range of political, legal and social dimensions. Tourism is extremely vulnerable to various external and internal shock e. The appearance of exogenous events in destinations changes the characteristics of tourism at the destination level, affecting the tourist demand, but also on the economic situation of the country. Purpose Based on the presented so far, it is also possible to define the purpose of the research of the doctoral dissertation: to analyse the main(exogenous) factors that influence the volatility of tourism in the form of the number of arrivals and number of overnight stays in selected countries of the world. Despite the obvious economic benefits it brings, tourism is exposed to internal and external shocks leading to a decline in activity. The intensity and duration will depend on the actual and perceived preparedness of the affected countries and the ability to convince that these countries are safe destinations. Knowledge of the factors affecting tourist demand is necessarily necessary for all countries, especially those whose share of tourism in GDP is extremely high. Such information may be useful for macroeconomic analysis and forecasting . The aim of the paper were as follows: systematically define and quantifies variables that can affect the tourism of today (terrorism, health issues, natural disasters, wars, political (in)stability, exchange rate volatility, oil prices, migration), determine the levels of volatility of tourism to external shocks, and point out the levels of volatility of tourism to external shocks, and point out the importance of monitoring phenomena affecting tourism volatility. Methodology The research carried out is quantitative in form since the research process is predefined and structured, while the data collection phase also precedes the data analysis phase. The research starts from the assumption that the panel model of time series can identify the impact of external shocks on tourism. The obtained results of the empirical part of the research, justify expectations based on theoretical assumptions. For the purpose of proving the first hypothesis set, which reads “There is a statistically significant difference in","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPLEMENTATION OF VECTOR AUTO-REGRESSION MODELS IN TOURISM: STATE OF THE ART ANALYSIS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Sergej Gričar","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The dissertation focuses on time series analysis and is based on several research strategies and methods. The methodology used in the research process was published in four papers as part of international scientific journals indexed in the Web of Science database. Since tourism is one of the most lagged industries in science there is need for new and innovative approaches in key tourist sector determinants modelling and forecasting. This doctoral thesis introduces an extension of time series methodology that focuses on investigating and testing the normal distribution of residuals, as a key adequacy prerequisite of econometric models. This issue has not systematically been considered in quantitative approaches in tourism. The motivation for research of the doctoral thesis are multidimensional: to filter previous research on time series in tourism and to theoretically and empirically improve and redesign time series methodology and methods for tourism. Both issues were successfully presented in one of the published papers. Finally, tourism forecasts should be based on reliable models as evident, from the most recent shocks, ex-ante tourism forecasting has to be considered crucial in evaluating model efficiency. The dissertation aimed to research and develop appropriate econometric models able to capture the specifics of multiple interactions in the tourism market. The research seeks to develop econometric models for the Republics of Slovenia and Croatia, two countries whose economic development is predicated on tourism. Four goals and four specific objectives have been specified during the research process: 1) To introduce an improved time series approach in cointegrated panels. The first specific objective (SO1) is to test at least ten econometric modelling structures that reduce cycle breaks. 2) To examine previous theoretical thinking regarding the cointegration of time series, cross-sectional data, and panels. The second specific objective (SO2) is to outline at least 250 previous empirical studies for the tourism industry. 3) To examine cointegration in tourism data for Slovenia and Croatia. The third objective (SO3) is to model at least three econometric time series equations and mathematical theorems/ lemmas for the tourism industry. 4) To improve and better understand unit root tests in tourism. The specific objective (SO4) is to approach the design of at least three stable and innovative models. Methodology The research relies upon econometric modelling in time series and panels as well as misspecification tests implementation. The study is primarily oriented to the hypotheses testing on a reliable modelling procedure. The research methodology is based on time series and the vector autoregression model (VAR) implementation. Moreover, the cointegrated VAR and the error correction model (ECM) are used. The Granger causality is used to identify trends to determine the direction of the hypothesised research problems. Overall, the stud","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44100073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUTHENTICITY IN ETHNIC RESTAURANTS: INVESTIGATING THE ROLES OF ETHNOCENTRISM AND XENOCENTRISM","authors":"Jonghan Hyun, Kiwon Lee","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how perceived authenticity of ethnic restaurants interacts with personality traits (ethnocentrism and xenocentrism) to predict behavioural intentions. Methodology –A self-administered online questionnaire was utilized. First, participants answered questions to measure their level of ethnocentrism or xenocentrism, Next, they were presented with one of two scenarios (low or high authentic ethnic restaurant), followed by questions to measure their behavioural intentions. Approach – A total of 581 responses were analysed using regression analyses to examine the interaction effect of perceived authenticity and personality traits on behavioural intentions toward ethnic restaurants. Findings – Both ethnocentrism and xenocentrism attenuated the positive impact of perceived authenticity on behavioural intention. The extent to which people are influenced by the authenticity of ethnic restaurants was reduced for consumers with higher levels of ethnocentrism and xenocentrism, Originality of the research – This study examined the role of personality traits (ethnocentrism and xenocentrism), which are important but under-researched in the hospitality literature. Such a study is particularly important because a better understanding of these traits could demonstrate, contrary to popular belief, that authenticity is not always a factor in the success of ethnic restaurants.","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43943442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Creative Tourism Activating Cultural Resources and Engaging Creative Travellers, Tourism and Hospitality Management","authors":"Karmen Mikulič","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNDERSTANDING XR TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE BY PHYSICALLY DISABLED TOURISTS IN MUSEUMS","authors":"Naji Gharibi, Seyyed Mohammad Mirtaghian Rudsari, Faizan Ali, Kisang Ryu","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This study aims to investigate the effects of XR technologies on the behavioral intentions of disabled tourists using a modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Design – The model includes perceived trust, perceived control, perceived efficacy, and perceived enjoyment as determinants of technology acceptance by disabled tourists. The hypotheses derived from the literature were empirically tested. Methodology/Approach – The proposed model was tested by collecting data from 640 disabled tourists in Iran over a six-month period. An online survey was answered after watching two videos, representing the application of VR and AR. A quantitative method was applied, the PLS-SEM method was conducted to analyze the data. Findings – The model was significantly supported by the results on the determinants of attitudes of people with disabilities toward XR technology. Other than the effect of perceived efficiency on PEOU, all the hypotheses were supported, demonstrating the positive effects of each of factors on the attitudes of disabled tourists and their behavioral intentions towards XR technology. Originality of the research – This study significantly expands the academic knowledge on the fundamental factors affecting behavioural intentions of disabled tourists, as 15% of the world’s population. This is the first study to investigate these factors in relation to the disabled tourists and XR technologies. This study will provide insight to marketers and stakeholders on the behavioral intentions of disabled tourists.","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48871770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURVIVING THE NEW-NORMAL: A STUDY ON PHYSICAL SERVICESCAPE AND VISITOR BEHAVIOR IN QUICK-SERVICE RESTAURANTS IN MALLS IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA","authors":"Njo Anastasia, Kevin Gunawan, Jani Rahardjo","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - The “new normal” is the period of adaptation during the pandemic COVID -19 that affects both daily and economic activities, leading to the application of strict health regulations in public places such as shopping malls, tourist sites and gastronomic areas. The appearance of the physical service landscape is adapted to the new normal health regulations. The aim of this study is to firstly investigate the influence of the new regulations with the mediating variable of physical service landscape on QSR visit intention. Second, this study aims to examine the influence of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on QSR visit intention. Design/methodology - This study uses convenience sampling on mall visitors in Surabaya who also visit QSR during the COVID-19 pandemic, starting from July to December 2020. The study sample is 313 visitors which are acquired through questionnaires distributed both online and offline. The data will be analyzed using the technique PLS-SEM 3.0. Findings - Firstly, in the direct path, the results showed that the new-normal regulation significantly influences physical servicescape (exterior design, interior design, and QSR location). Secondly, TPB, which are attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, significantly influence QSR visiting intention. In the indirect path, new-normal regulation significantly influences visitors’ intention towards the mediating variable of interior design, while in contrast exterior design and QSR location do not significantly mediate. Originality - This study specifically discusses the changes in the design of the physical service landscape since the implementation of the new-normal regulation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which both directly and indirectly influences the behavior of visitors in public areas. Research implication/practical implication - In terms of literature, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the healthcare service landscape, which interacts with both architecture and marketing, in terms of individual behavior. Furthermore, this study practically helps mall management in deciding the marketing strategy and QSR outlet management to survive in the pandemic by following applicable healthcare protocols.","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45831394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF WINE FESTIVAL VISITOR EXPERIENCE","authors":"Srđan Mitrović","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Travel for the purpose of visiting festivals represents a fast-growing segment of the tourism market and is a unique opportunity for destinations development based on the fact that festivals provide various economic benefits to the local community. Festivals can have a significant effect on promotion and brand awareness of a destination and are capable of generating significant tourism income. Organizing festivals can attract visitors to the destination outside of the main tourist season and possibly even to destinations and regions they would not otherwise consider visiting. Festival environment can provide a unique and memorable experience to the visitors based around their specific interests. Providing memorable experiences to festival visitors leads to multiple positive outcomes and should be the focus of festival organizers and researchers. Wine festivals combine elements of wine and festival tourism and are a perfect opportunity to create unique experiences. They are defined as special events which are based on showcasing local wines, food and culture. Wine festivals are usually held in picturesque settings within wine regions which only adds to their attractiveness and makes them an ideal platform to create memorable experiences. Visiting wine festivals can be a main motive for travel to a certain destination as well as a specific experience that visitors want to immerse in during their stay at a destination. A comprehensive literature reviews has revealed a limited amount of research that views wine festival visitors experience as a multidimensional construct. Experience economy research has been based on the assumption that consumption has a hedonistic component and that decisions on purchases (or travel) are made with a combination of rational (cognitive) and irrational (emotional) elements. Multidimensional model of consumer experience has been originally proposed by Pine and Gilmore (1999) which consisted of four dimensions (escape, education, entertainment and environment) and has since been the base of a large number of tourism studies that have empirically tested the concept in various tourism settings. Research has shown that tourism experiences are subjective to the consumer and context specific. In other words, experience and its underlining dimensions will greatly vary depending on the platform on which they are created (i.e., restaurant, festival, resort, shopping) and will depended on the different kind of socio-demographic and psychological characteristics of the consumer. Therefore, purpose of this research is to conceptualize a theoretical framework that explains the experience of wine festival visitors through its dimensions, ancendents and consequences. From an empirical standpoint the goal of the research is to segment wine festival visitors based on the developed framework within the experience economy context. Methodology In order to test the proposed research hypotheses, an empirical study based on primary da","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48990043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUSTAINABLE MARKETING IN HIGHER EDUCATION","authors":"Dunja Meštrović","doi":"10.20867/thm.28.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.28.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Sustainable marketing, which emerged as the third development phase of green marketing, evolved from the economics of sustainable development. It is defined as a simultaneous balanced approach that incorporates and integrates economic, environmental and social goals, while meeting the needs of all stakeholders and respecting the needs of future generations. Such an approach is considered an obligation, rather than an option, and it represents the focus of this doctoral dissertation. In our post-industrial society, highly-educated human resources and knowledge are the most valuable resources and the key prerequisites for the economic development, prosperity and well-being of each individual and of the society as a whole. Therefore, the traditional role of higher education and its institutions has become more important, and this in turn determines great challenges as these institutions are considered the essence of intellectual, cultural, social and technological development of the community (Meštrović, 2017), the fundamental lever and spitirus movens for sustainable development of the society as a whole. Existing research in the field of sustainable marketing is predominantly focused on forprofit sector, while a further extensive and comprehensive literature review identified the lack of research addressing sustainable marketing in the context of public sector, including the higher education sector and public higher education institutions. In order to address the identified research gap and follow the relevant research recommendations, the basic objectives of this dissertation were defined as follows: (1) to investigate and design a systematic and comprehensive critical account of the existing theoretical knowledge in the field of sustainable marketing, (2) to develop and test a conceptual model aimed at measuring the impact of sustainable marketing in higher education, defined by three dimensions: promotion and education for sustainable development, sustainable marketing activities and implementation benefits, on higher education performance, assessed by service quality and success in achieving the multiple objectives of higher education institution, and (3) to test the proposed hypotheses. Methodology To achieve the empirical objectives of the study, a two-stage approach was adopted. The comprehensive literature review was followed by exploratory primary research suitable to explore the attitudes and perceptions of key stakeholders on sustainable marketing and its application in higher education institutions, using a developed measurement instrument to capture attitudes and perceptions toward manifest forms of sustainable marketing in higher education. The research was conducted using a pre-tested online questionnaire on a purposive sample of experts, where 104 valid and complete responses from selected stakeholders related to higher education were received. Qualitative analysis was conducted using the Hotjar online numerical coding and ","PeriodicalId":45185,"journal":{"name":"Tourism and Hospitality Management-Croatia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}