{"title":"Ethnography beyond thick data","authors":"Ajda Pretnar Žagar, Dan Podjed","doi":"10.1111/napa.12226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12226","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents opportunities for enriching anthropological knowledge and methods with machine learning and data analysis. Different examples show how quantitative methods empower anthropologists and how computational methods supplement ethnography, from sensor data and interview transcripts to designing technology solutions and automatically labeling cultural heritage. Conversely, the authors discuss the benefits of qualitative approaches in contemporary anthropological research and show how to transition from data analysis to ethnography and <jats:italic>vice versa</jats:italic>. Finally, the article pinpoints aspects in which each method can fail individually. It discusses why a combination of the two approaches, called circular mixed methods, minimizes the chance of failure and maximizes insights from the data.","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diversity","authors":"Elizabeth Beckner","doi":"10.1111/napa.12225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12225","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay, the meaning of diversity is explored as it pertains to senior underrepresented minority (URM) faculty experiences. The experiences of senior URM faculty were gathered through the URM Senior Scholars Histories Project to bring more visibility to racist and sexist practices and to the lack of diversity among faculty within research universities. This brings into question the use of the term diversity in higher education, a term that is often used, but falls short of a clear definition and plan for its implementation for better serving faculty, staff, and students. Through a brief overview of the use of the term diversity in higher education, it becomes apparent that it has been used as a pretty word for nearly 50 years, despite tireless efforts to make real, transformative structural changes within higher education institutions. The question now is: where do we go from here and what can we do to build and create new ways of being that embrace diversity as the norm?","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying up: How ethnographers powered public health changes in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic","authors":"Monica Schoch‐Spana","doi":"10.1111/napa.12224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12224","url":null,"abstract":"“Studying up” was Laura Nader's provocation to anthropologists to scrutinize the actions of the powerful few in relation to the ordeals of the powerless many. Engaging this lineage, this article describes CommuniVax, a rapid ethnographic research coalition supporting an equitable COVID‐19 vaccine rollout in the United States. By tapping hyperlocal knowledge as well as that held by public health and governmental authorities at higher reaches, the coalition opened the possibility for a more just pandemic response and stronger democratic institutions. The project also broke with prevailing features in the studying up tradition: It operated as a multidisciplinary collective rather than a lone ethnographer, partnered with elites rather than a priori holding them at arm's length, and emphasized pragmatic solutions over scholastic critiques. These departures embody an “applying up” modality, supporting the idea ethnographers have plural strategies for studying actors who exert strong influence over others’ lives.","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human centered design for applied anthropology","authors":"Mary Carnes, Angela VandenBroek, Emily K. Brunson","doi":"10.1111/napa.12223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12223","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we highlight a partnership between CommuniVax and a human‐centered design firm (Bridgeable) that resulted in CommuniVaxCHAT—an online toolkit capable of engaging community members and translating their experiences and local knowledge in a way that decision‐makers, including mayors and public health directors, can act upon. In addition to considering the process involved in creating CommuniVaxCHAT, and its associate practicalities, we examine how human‐centered design, and more particularly personas and journeys, can act as boundary objects to facilitate engagement between groups and create interventions or policy. In this way, we argue that HCD can be used similarly to PhotoVoice as a tool to introduce ethnographic insights into applied and participatory contexts.","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anthropology at speed, at scale, in action: The CommuniVax example","authors":"Emily K. Brunson, Monica Schoch‐Spana","doi":"10.1111/napa.12221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12221","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue presents accounts of different aspects of the CommuniVax Coalition and its work—a project that conducted rapid, multisited, applied anthropological research to deliver guidance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our purpose in writing these articles is to provide details of our work so anthropologists interested in similar types of research can learn from our efforts. While anthropological research has been, and largely still is, an endeavor of individuals at a relatively slow pace, the future of the discipline, and especially of anthropologists working outside traditional academia, is team‐based, rapid research. As such, anthropologists need to know how to conduct research at speed, participate as members of research teams and, more importantly, how to organize and lead teams to conduct timely, collaborative, focused, and practical research.","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie M. McClure, Kathryn Oths, Pamela Payne Foster, Olivia R. Radcliffe, Bronwen Lichtenstein
{"title":"“Use what you have: ” Health promotion and economic vitality in a COVID‐19 worksite vaccination initiative","authors":"Stephanie M. McClure, Kathryn Oths, Pamela Payne Foster, Olivia R. Radcliffe, Bronwen Lichtenstein","doi":"10.1111/napa.12218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12218","url":null,"abstract":"In mid‐2021, the CommuniVax Alabama team broadened their community engagement by partnering with the Chamber of Commerce, the Alabama Department of Public Health, and others to bring vaccines to the workplace. Through this collaboration, the team hoped to fortify the state's persistently anemic rate of vaccination. The goals of increasing access to, and convenience of COVID‐19 vaccination were only partially achieved due to human resource and policy challenges and incongruent priorities that resulted from those challenges. The accomplishments, challenges, and suggestions for improvement are outlined to aid future efforts at health promotion and community outreach, especially in jurisdictions with limited extant public health infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An audacious approach to incorporating students into the ethnographic research process","authors":"Diana Schow, Elizabeth Cartwright, Tamra Bassett","doi":"10.1111/napa.12219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/napa.12219","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss the experience of the Idaho CommuniVax local team and how a large‐scale incorporation of college students into its ethnographic research process ensured <jats:italic>bona‐fide</jats:italic> community engagement and a deeper understanding of the experiences of Hispanic community members as they considered COVID‐19 vaccination within the broader context of non‐Hispanic, rural, agricultural southeastern Idaho. We detail the logic behind the steps we took to rapidly recruit, train, and provide future‐oriented opportunities for 20 students who were studying a variety of disciplines. The students were from geographic localities in or near the research communities of interest. Their familial and social connections served as critical information channels between policy‐makers, decision‐makers, academics, and community members. Their varied ethnic backgrounds and their sheer number resulted in comprehensive research results and an expansive network of evidence‐based COVID‐19 information sharing that would have been impossible without their involvement.","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Alex Webb, E. Christian Wells, Christine Prouty, Rebecca Zarger, Maya Trotz
{"title":"Ethics and ambiguity in wastewater development on the Placencia Peninsula, Belize","authors":"W. Alex Webb, E. Christian Wells, Christine Prouty, Rebecca Zarger, Maya Trotz","doi":"10.1111/napa.12215","DOIUrl":"10.1111/napa.12215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Development projects present ambiguous ethical terrain for anthropologists to navigate. Particularly in relation to WaSH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene) infrastructures which mediate human and environmental health. Our interdisciplinary team of anthropologists and engineers initially set out to design context-sensitive on-site wastewater treatment infrastructures for homes along Belize's Placencia Peninsula. The project's beginning coincided with the announcements of a government sponsored centralized wastewater infrastructure project and the construction of a cruise ship port on a nearby island, however. Soon the wastewater project's promises—economic opportunity, improved human and environmental health, modernization - came crashing into its pratfalls—exacerbating existing inequalities, loss of livelihoods, and diminished local governance. Our team was left with uncertain decisions about how to engage with improving infrastructure, given the emerging community dynamics. By detailing the imperfect trade-offs at play, we highlight ethical complexities inherent when communities’ development futures are at stake. Anthropology's fraught history includes legacies of unintended harms from entanglement in others’ inequities. However, avoiding involvement out of excessive caution risks leaving marginalized voices unheard and extant problems unresolved. This case immersed our team in the inherent optimism and ethical experimentation which underlie development contexts. Our analysis adopts the structure from Whiteford and Trotters’ (2008) “Ethical-Problem Solving Guide” to reveal the layered tensions that underly critical WaSH infrastructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, Michael G. Lacy, Amber Wutich, H. Russell Bernard, Kathryn S. Oths, Melissa Beresford, Shawna Bendeck, Julia R. Branstrator, H. J. François Dengah II, Robin G. Nelson, Alissa Ruth, Seth I. Sagstetter, Cindi SturtzSreetharan, Katya Xinyi Zhao
{"title":"Deep hanging out, mixed methods toolkit, or something else? Current ethnographic practices in US anthropology","authors":"Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, Michael G. Lacy, Amber Wutich, H. Russell Bernard, Kathryn S. Oths, Melissa Beresford, Shawna Bendeck, Julia R. Branstrator, H. J. François Dengah II, Robin G. Nelson, Alissa Ruth, Seth I. Sagstetter, Cindi SturtzSreetharan, Katya Xinyi Zhao","doi":"10.1111/napa.12213","DOIUrl":"10.1111/napa.12213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We use a mix of qualitative and quantitative analyses to examine 1354 survey responses from members of the American Anthropological Association about their practice and teaching of cultural anthropology research methods. Latent profile analysis and an examination of responses to open-ended survey questions reveal distinctive methodological clustering among anthropologists. However, two historical approaches to ethnography remain prominent: <i>deep hanging out</i> and a <i>mixed methods toolkit</i>, with the former remaining central to the practice and teaching of all forms of contemporary cultural anthropology. Further, many anthropologists are committed to advancing research methods that account for power imbalances in fieldwork, such as through community-based and participatory approaches. And a substantial number also teach a wider array of methods and techniques that open new career pathways for anthropologists. Overall, our study reveals a core set of ethnographic practices—loosely, participant-observation, informal interviews, and the experiential immersion of the ethnographer—while also highlighting the great breadth of cultural anthropological research practice and pedagogy. The findings presented here can help inform how current and future anthropological practitioners and educators position themselves to meet the ever-changing demands of community members, funders, clients, collaborators, and students.</p>","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/napa.12213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fredy R. Rodríguez-Mejía, Elizabeth K. Briody, Ethan L. Copple, Edward J. Berger
{"title":"The missing study groups: Liminality and communitas in the time of COVID-19","authors":"Fredy R. Rodríguez-Mejía, Elizabeth K. Briody, Ethan L. Copple, Edward J. Berger","doi":"10.1111/napa.12214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/napa.12214","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on teaching and learning in an Engineering School of a large US research university. We focus on the adjustment of instructors as they converted their courses to distance teaching and learning formats (e.g., virtual sessions, online forums) and on bachelor student experiences with those changes. While both instructors and students experienced liminality, the pandemic affected these groups differently. Instructors attempted to form <i>communitas</i> with their students by prioritizing their teaching responsibilities, increasing the accessibility of course materials, and being more available to students compared to pre-pandemic times. However, students struggled to adapt to online learning contexts which lacked the sense of togetherness previously offered by in-person classes, study-groups, tutorial sessions, and communal study spaces. Unable to interact with their peers and create <i>communitas</i>, learning online proved to be an ineffective “solution.” Interacting with classmates and working in study groups are among the practices that can help students adjust to course delivery changes, even if it means those cultural practices go virtual. We argue that higher learning institutions, regardless of type (e.g., R1, R2, liberal arts, community colleges), should strengthen their remote teaching approaches. However, those strategies should incorporate: building strong relationships within and across roles, designing inclusive teaching and learning practices that take the contexts in which students learn into account, increasing spaces for peer-to-peer learning, and becoming proficient in the technologies needed to teach virtually.</p>","PeriodicalId":45176,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anthropological Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/napa.12214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}