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Manifestation of Women’s Rights in School Textbooks? Evidence from Social Science Textbooks in India 学校教科书中妇女权利的体现？来自印度社会科学教科书的证据
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00726-7
Suzana Košir, Radhika Lakshminarayanan
{"title":"Manifestation of Women’s Rights in School Textbooks? Evidence from Social Science Textbooks in India","authors":"Suzana Košir, Radhika Lakshminarayanan","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00726-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00726-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In India, consistent marginalization of women suggests that broader societal transformation is needed to transcend gender stereotypes and foster gender equality. Effective school curriculum and textbook content can influence and revitalize mindsets to respect and uphold women’s rights (WR). This research examines the manifestation and extent to which WR is addressed in Indian school social science textbooks using qualitative content analysis. Data from official primary and secondary school textbooks published between 2006 and 2013 and reprinted between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed, based on the components of WR prescribed by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). The results indicate that there is negligible focus on WR in textbooks at the elementary level. While both explicit and implicit focus on WR increased at the secondary and senior secondary levels, some vital aspects were either marginally represented or completely missing.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142197574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making Tangible the Long-Term Harm Linked to the Chilling Effects of AI-enabled Surveillance: Can Human Flourishing Inform Human Rights? 让与人工智能监控的寒蝉效应相关的长期危害具体化：人类的繁荣能否影响人权？
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00727-6
Niclas Rautenberg, Daragh Murray
{"title":"Making Tangible the Long-Term Harm Linked to the Chilling Effects of AI-enabled Surveillance: Can Human Flourishing Inform Human Rights?","authors":"Niclas Rautenberg, Daragh Murray","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00727-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00727-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>AI-enabled State surveillance capabilities are likely to exert chilling effects whereby individuals modify their behavior due to a fear of the potential consequences if that behavior is observed. The risk is that chilling effects drive individuals towards the mainstream, slowly reducing the space for personal and political development. This could prove devastating for individuals’ ability to freely develop their identity and, ultimately, for the evolution and vibrancy of democratic society. As it stands, human rights law cannot effectively conceptualize this cumulative, longer-term, harm, and so cannot accurately evaluate the cost/benefit of AI tools, risking irreparable harm. As chilling effects impact individuals’ ability to live a good, self-determined life, the concept of human flourishing is relevant. This article engages with Aristotelian naturalism, the life-satisfaction approach, and the capabilities approach to determine which best resonates with the concept of identity as relevant to chilling effects and human rights law. It concludes that the capabilities approach may overcome some of the problems associated with the human rights law approach and may provide a framework capable of capturing both the intricate processes of free identity development and of conceptualizing the harm linked to AI surveillance. The challenge, however, is to ‘operationalize’ this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Freedom of Religion and Non-discrimination Based on Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Ukraine: Corporate Policy Commitments in Situations of Conflicting Social Expectations 乌克兰的宗教自由与不基于性别认同和性取向的歧视：社会期望冲突情况下的企业政策承诺
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00720-z
Tamara Horbachevska, Olena Uvarova, Dmytro Vovk
{"title":"Freedom of Religion and Non-discrimination Based on Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Ukraine: Corporate Policy Commitments in Situations of Conflicting Social Expectations","authors":"Tamara Horbachevska, Olena Uvarova, Dmytro Vovk","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00720-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00720-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conflicting social expectations in a particular state affect the interpretation and implementation of international human rights law. Ideological, religious, and legal factors related to the protection of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and freedom from discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in Ukraine put businesses under social pressure. Businesses thus face a legitimate dilemma whether to follow national social expectations perceiving FoRB and freedom from discrimination based on SOGI as rights in conflict or expectations arising from international human rights law establishing both freedoms as equal and non-clashing. Based on desk research and in-depth interviews with business policymakers the article identifies neutrality, ignoring, and active engagement strategies when providing corporate respect to FoRB and SOGI under the business and human rights framework ‘Protect, Respect, Remedy’ which requires responsible business conduct. The article concludes with the implications each strategy has for resolving presumed clashes between FoRB and SOGI at the community level.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Venezuelan Migrant Population’s Right to Health in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area 委内瑞拉移民在布卡拉曼加大都市区的健康权
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00722-x
Juan Pablo Serrano Frattali
{"title":"The Venezuelan Migrant Population’s Right to Health in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area","authors":"Juan Pablo Serrano Frattali","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00722-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00722-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Colombia has received the largest influx of Venezuelan refugees and migrants. Since 2015, more than 3 million Venezuelan migrants have entered the country. Those arriving in Cúcuta have several options for entering Colombian territory. One of the main routes involves a difficult and dangerous journey of nearly 200 km to the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, which serves as a key territory for accessing various destinations. Because of its geographical location, this area serves as an important transit city, facilitating travel to other major cities in Colombia, such as Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali; it is also a residence destination for Venezuelan migrants. Among the specific reasons why immigrants choose Bucaramanga over other cities are factors like climate, the existence of various cooperation organizations that provide assistance, and the considerable number of migrant individuals previously settled in this area; thus, many new migrants have family or friendship connections there. Furthermore, for many, it is the safest option or the only place they can go to when the weather turns cold. In this study, we analyze the institutional response and identify barriers that limit the protection of Venezuelan migrants’ right to access to healthcare in this location where Venezuelan citizens have faced economic, legal, bureaucratic, and social barriers. This has profound consequences for migrants’ health and poses a risk to their lives. The article is primarily based on interviews and fieldwork conducted with migrant populations between 2022 and 2023 to identify the barriers and supporting elements they experienced in terms of health care services. Likewise, this study makes a significant contribution by directly examining the experiences of Venezuelan migrants in relation to the right to health in this area. This provides a useful understanding of the social phenomenon at both the academic and institutional levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A step in the right direction, or more of the same? A systematic review of the impact of human rights due diligence legislation 朝着正确方向迈出的一步，还是一成不变？系统审查人权尽职调查立法的影响
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00724-9
Vincent Dupont, Diana Pietrzak, Boris Verbrugge
{"title":"A step in the right direction, or more of the same? A systematic review of the impact of human rights due diligence legislation","authors":"Vincent Dupont, Diana Pietrzak, Boris Verbrugge","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00724-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00724-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, there has been a strong push for binding human rights due diligence (HRDD) legislation, both at the national and European levels. As empirical evidence of such legislation's impact gradually emerges, it is time to take stock. In this article, we conduct a systematic literature review to assess available empirical evidence on (1) how HRDD legislation affects the policies and practices through which companies engage with human rights; (2) how these policies and practices, in turn, affect different actors in companies’ value chains. While it is too early to make conclusive judgements, existing evidence allows us to identify several worrying trends: most companies opt for managerialist and compliance-oriented approaches to HRDD; revert primarily to earlier (and flawed) private governance mechanisms; and try to cascade responsibilities and costs in their supply chain. This risks perpetuating or reinforcing marginalisation and exclusion dynamics. Based on these findings, we formulate some lessons for policy-makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Power to Exclude: The (Mis)Treatment of Unaccompanied Minors under the Trump and Biden Administration 排斥的权力：特朗普和拜登政府对孤身未成年人的（错误）对待
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00721-y
Christina Gerken
{"title":"The Power to Exclude: The (Mis)Treatment of Unaccompanied Minors under the Trump and Biden Administration","authors":"Christina Gerken","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00721-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00721-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In “The Biden Plan for Securing Our Values as a Nation of Immigrants” (hereinafter “Biden Plan“), then-candidate Joe Biden promised to “reassert America’s commitment to asylum-seekers and refugees.” Three years into his presidency, how far has the Biden Administration come in their efforts to create a more humane asylum system? And has the treatment of unaccompanied minors seen any significant improvements? This article examines the Trump Administration’s attempts to permanently alter the US asylum system. After trying to categorically ban all claims that were based on persecution by “private actors,” the Trump Administration seized on the COVID-19 pandemic as a convenient pretext for taking away even some of the most basic human rights protections that asylum-seekers have enjoyed for generations. This article will argue that the Biden Administration, despite their efforts to restore some basic protections, continues to criminalize and institutionalize many unaccompanied minors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Presidential Accountability in Wartime: President Bush, the Treatment of Detainees, and the Laws of War by Stuart Streichler 战时总统问责制：布什总统、被拘留者的待遇和战争法》，斯图尔特-斯特雷希勒著
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00723-w
Steven D. Roper
{"title":"Presidential Accountability in Wartime: President Bush, the Treatment of Detainees, and the Laws of War by Stuart Streichler","authors":"Steven D. Roper","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00723-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00723-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human Rights and Transitional Justice in the Maldives: Closing the Door, Once and For All? 马尔代夫的人权与过渡时期司法：一劳永逸地关上大门？
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00716-9
Renée Jeffery
{"title":"Human Rights and Transitional Justice in the Maldives: Closing the Door, Once and For All?","authors":"Renée Jeffery","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00716-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00716-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2020, the Maldives instituted a transitional justice process to address decades of systematic human rights abuses including the widespread use of arbitrary arrest and detention, torture, and the forced depopulation of entire island communities. While the country’s decision to confront its violent past is not unusual, the institution it has established to undertake that task is. Rather than institute a truth and reconciliation commission (TRC), refer cases to its Human Rights Commission, or undertake criminal trials in its domestic judicial system, the Maldives has taken the unprecedented step of establishing a temporary Ombudsperson’s Office for Transitional Justice (OTJ). Comparing the OTJ to national human rights institutions and TRCs, this article examines how and why the Maldives’ transitional justice process has taken this unusual form. It suggests that the OTJ represents a new attempt to address the full range of human rights abuses, including violations of social and economic rights, perpetrated by repressive regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human Rights Violations Committed Against Human Rights Defenders Through the Use of Legal System: A Trend in Europe and Beyond 利用法律制度侵犯人权捍卫者的人权：欧洲及其他地区的趋势
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00717-8
Aikaterini-Christina Koula
{"title":"Human Rights Violations Committed Against Human Rights Defenders Through the Use of Legal System: A Trend in Europe and Beyond","authors":"Aikaterini-Christina Koula","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00717-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00717-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human rights defenders (HRDs) fight for various human rights and address concerns related to corruption, employment, the environment, and other issues. They also challenge powerful state and private stakeholders and seek justice for human rights abuses. Therefore, HRDs are increasingly becoming targets of violent attacks and abuse with the aim of silencing them. This article begins by providing a brief definition of HRDs and then proceeds to outline the risks associated with their work in defending human rights. It also identifies the perpetrators responsible for these violations. The article categorises the types of abuses against HRDs into two main categories, with a particular focus on the widespread tactic of using the legal system to target and silence defenders in Europe, which is also emerging globally. It introduces a taxonomy of various types of violations through the legal system. By categorising the types of violations against HRDs and establishing a taxonomy to aid in identifying these tactics, the article seeks to deepen understanding and awareness of the varied abuses experienced by HRDs, as well as their deviation from human rights standards, providing a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, and defenders.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Principle of a Trial Within a Reasonable Time and JustTech: Benefits and Risks 在合理时间内进行审判的原则和公正技术：利益与风险
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00715-w
{"title":"The Principle of a Trial Within a Reasonable Time and JustTech: Benefits and Risks","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00715-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00715-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The article addresses the pervasive global challenge of delayed justice, emphasizing its role as a catalyst for widespread judicial reforms. The study defines international and national court approaches to reasonable trial durations by employing systematic and comparative legal methods. It delves into essential technology courts and parties use to ensure timely proceedings, categorizing associated risks and problems. The authors advocate for the multi-door courthouse system, illustrating its efficacy in reducing delays. Furthermore, the article classifies technologies facilitating reasonable trial durations, acknowledging and offering solutions for the challenges they present. This research contributes to the dynamic landscape of judicial reform, offering a holistic perspective on the multifaceted aspects of timely justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140034075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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