Making Tangible the Long-Term Harm Linked to the Chilling Effects of AI-enabled Surveillance: Can Human Flourishing Inform Human Rights?

IF 1.2 Q1 LAW
Niclas Rautenberg, Daragh Murray
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

AI-enabled State surveillance capabilities are likely to exert chilling effects whereby individuals modify their behavior due to a fear of the potential consequences if that behavior is observed. The risk is that chilling effects drive individuals towards the mainstream, slowly reducing the space for personal and political development. This could prove devastating for individuals’ ability to freely develop their identity and, ultimately, for the evolution and vibrancy of democratic society. As it stands, human rights law cannot effectively conceptualize this cumulative, longer-term, harm, and so cannot accurately evaluate the cost/benefit of AI tools, risking irreparable harm. As chilling effects impact individuals’ ability to live a good, self-determined life, the concept of human flourishing is relevant. This article engages with Aristotelian naturalism, the life-satisfaction approach, and the capabilities approach to determine which best resonates with the concept of identity as relevant to chilling effects and human rights law. It concludes that the capabilities approach may overcome some of the problems associated with the human rights law approach and may provide a framework capable of capturing both the intricate processes of free identity development and of conceptualizing the harm linked to AI surveillance. The challenge, however, is to ‘operationalize’ this approach.

让与人工智能监控的寒蝉效应相关的长期危害具体化:人类的繁荣能否影响人权?
人工智能支持的国家监控能力很可能会产生寒蝉效应,使个人因害怕行为被观察到的潜在后果而改变自己的行为。其风险在于,寒蝉效应会驱使个人向主流靠拢,慢慢缩小个人和政治发展的空间。这可能会破坏个人自由发展身份认同的能力,并最终破坏民主社会的发展和活力。目前,人权法无法有效地将这种累积性、长期性伤害概念化,因此无法准确评估人工智能工具的成本/效益,从而有可能造成无法弥补的伤害。由于寒蝉效应会影响个人过上美好、自我决定的生活的能力,因此人类繁荣的概念是相关的。本文探讨了亚里士多德自然主义、生活满意度方法和能力方法,以确定哪种方法最能与身份概念产生共鸣,因为身份概念与寒蝉效应和人权法相关。文章的结论是,能力方法可以克服与人权法方法相关的一些问题,并可提供一个框架,既能捕捉自由身份发展的复杂过程,又能将与人工智能监控相关的伤害概念化。然而,挑战在于如何 "操作 "这种方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
14.30%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Human Rights Review is an interdisciplinary journal which provides a scholarly forum in which human rights issues and their underlying empirical, theoretical and philosophical foundations are explored. The journal seeks to place human rights practices and policies within a theoretical perspective in order to link empirical research to broader human rights issues. Human Rights Review welcomes submissions from all academic areas in order to foster a wide-ranging dialogue on issues of concern to both the academic and the policy-making communities. The journal is receptive to submissions drawing from diverse methodologies and approaches including case studies, quantitative analysis, legal scholarship and philosophical discourse in order to provide a comprehensive discussion concerning human rights issues.
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