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Academic Bullying and Human Rights: Is It Time to Take Them Seriously? 学术欺凌与人权：现在是认真对待它们的时候了吗？
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00713-y
Dora Kostakopoulou, Morteza Mahmoudi
{"title":"Academic Bullying and Human Rights: Is It Time to Take Them Seriously?","authors":"Dora Kostakopoulou, Morteza Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00713-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00713-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Notwithstanding universities’ many laudable aims, incidents of serious bullying, academic harassment and sexual harassment in academic settings are reported with increasing regularity globally. However, the human rights violations involved in bullying and academic harassment have not received attention by the literature. In this article, we pierce the veil of silence surrounding university environments and provide a systematic account of the breaches of international and European human rights law involved in academic bullying and harassment. By adopting a socio-legal lens, we shed light onto such practices and tactics, the breaches of specific human rights and norms and the reluctance of states and regulators to intervene in what is perceived to be universities’ ‘sovereign’ sphere of jurisdiction in order to prevent human rights’ violations and to protect the victims of human rights abuse. We call for a multi-faceted and multi-agency approach to tackle academic bullying and harassment, and make a number of institutional and policy recommendations to ensure universities’ compliance with human rights standards and the effective protection of academics under attack.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Resurgence of Enforced Disappearances in the Aftermath of the July 15, 2016 Failed Coup Attempt in Turkey: A Systematic Analysis of Human Rights Violations 2016 年 7 月 15 日土耳其未遂政变后强迫失踪事件再度出现：对侵犯人权行为的系统分析
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00712-5
Köksal Avincan
{"title":"The Resurgence of Enforced Disappearances in the Aftermath of the July 15, 2016 Failed Coup Attempt in Turkey: A Systematic Analysis of Human Rights Violations","authors":"Köksal Avincan","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00712-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00712-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After the failed coup attempt on July 15, 2016, Turkey rapidly adjusted its national security strategies to align with the principles of a security state, resulting in a notable increase in human rights violations during the declared State of Emergency. Enforced disappearances, previously used by the State against Kurdish dissidents in the 1990s, resurfaced as a brutal method in the name of “State survival” following the failed coup attempt. This research examined the systematic and organized nature of these enforced disappearances, their prevalence, specific targets, and the human rights abuses resulting from this practice. Twenty cases of enforced disappearances that occurred after July 15, 2016, were analyzed to achieve this. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) enforced disappearance methods, (2) ineffective investigation, (3) torture. The examination revealed that enforced disappearances followed a systematic and widespread pattern. The narratives highlighted commonalities in the methods of disappearances, a preference for individuals affiliated with the Gülen Movement, and the subjecting of victims to severe violations, including torture. Fundamental human rights should have remained non-derogable even during the State of Emergency, as international human rights treaties to which the Turkish State is a signatory protect them.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Efficiency of Intersectionality: Labelling the Benefits of a Rights-Based Approach to Interpret Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes 交叉性的效率：用基于权利的方法解释性犯罪和基于性别的犯罪的好处
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-024-00714-x
Ana Martin
{"title":"The Efficiency of Intersectionality: Labelling the Benefits of a Rights-Based Approach to Interpret Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes","authors":"Ana Martin","doi":"10.1007/s12142-024-00714-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00714-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>International criminal law (ICL) has traditionally overlooked sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and struggles to understand it. Prosecutions have been largely inefficient and not reflective of gender harms. The Rome Statute requires interpreting SGBV as a social construction (article 7(3)), in consistency with international human rights law (IHRL) and without discrimination (article 21(3)). There is, however, little guidance to implement these approaches. This article argues that intersectionality, an IHRL-based approach that reveals compounded discrimination, is an efficient tool to interpret SGBV and, therefore, should be integrated in ICL. The article traces the origins of intersectionality in feminism and its recognition by IHRL dealing with violence against women. It establishes the applicability of intersectionality in ICL that it demonstrates with a comparative analysis of the <i>Lubanga</i> and <i>Ntaganda</i> cases. The findings show that intersectionality suits ICL’s specific needs which allows labelling and explaining some of those contributions throughout the judicial process.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Right to Food: The Global Campaign to End Hunger by Francis Adams. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020 食物权：全球消除饥饿运动》，弗朗西斯-亚当斯著。Cham：帕尔格雷夫-麦克米伦，2020 年
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00711-6
Katie Morris
{"title":"The Right to Food: The Global Campaign to End Hunger by Francis Adams. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020","authors":"Katie Morris","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00711-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00711-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Union Rights and Inequalities 工会权利与不平等
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00706-3
Stephen Bagwell, Skip Mark, Meridith LaVelle, Asia Parker
{"title":"Union Rights and Inequalities","authors":"Stephen Bagwell, Skip Mark, Meridith LaVelle, Asia Parker","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00706-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00706-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Competing arguments surrounding the relationships between inequalities and labor rights have persisted over time. This paper explores whether labor rights increase or decrease two types of wage inequalities: vertical inequality and horizontal inequality. Vertical inequalities reflect inequalities in wealth or income between individuals, while horizontal inequalities reflect inequalities between social, ethnic, economic, and political groups which are usually culturally defined or socially constructed. By broadening the scope beyond traditional indicators of inequality (i.e., vertical inequality) to include horizontal inequality, we test whether government respect for labor rights can help reduce inequality. We find that as labor rights and practices improve, countries see a decrease in horizontal inequality. Furthermore, as stronger protections for labor rights improve within countries, this also serves to reduce individual levels of inequality (i.e., vertical inequality).</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Evolution of Child Marriage as a Human Rights Concern 童婚演变为人权问题
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00707-2
Alissa Koski, Sajneet Mangat, David Wright
{"title":"The Evolution of Child Marriage as a Human Rights Concern","authors":"Alissa Koski, Sajneet Mangat, David Wright","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00707-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00707-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The elimination of child marriage is a goal that ranks high on the agendas of civil society organizations, national governments, and multilateral institutions. To date, however, there has been very little scholarship on the historical debates over the definition of child marriage. This article examines the history of age-restricted marriage as it was debated during the development of human rights instruments in the post-World War II era. Using archives of the United Nations and affiliated organizations, we detail how and why efforts to establish a universal minimum age for marriage were repeatedly unsuccessful. We illustrate how the current, commonly used definition of child marriage—as marriage before the age of 18—has never been agreed upon in a legally binding international convention but was seemingly established through a discursive innovation that borrowed principles from the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138681027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Anthropological Investigation of Assam—the Human Trafficking Hub of India? 阿萨姆邦--印度人口贩运中心的人类学调查？
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00708-1
Bristy Kalita, Ramesh Sahani
{"title":"An Anthropological Investigation of Assam—the Human Trafficking Hub of India?","authors":"Bristy Kalita, Ramesh Sahani","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00708-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00708-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human trafficking is a grave concern that we often choose to overlook. In India, this problem has escalated in recent years, with Assam being labelled the trafficking hub of the country in 2015. Despite a brief dip, the situation in the state has not improved significantly, and the statistics are a testimony to the failure of the government's initiatives. Human trafficking is not just about abduction or false promises; it reflects poverty, inadequate border security, unemployment, and underdevelopment, factors that make individuals vulnerable to exploitation. Eradicating this menace requires addressing the root causes and uplifting people from all backgrounds. The survival instinct of humans fuels this despicable trade, and only a comprehensive approach can bring about a significant decline in such activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maria Ressa and the Fight for Facts: a Book Review of How To Stand Up Against A Dictator: The Fight for Our Future 玛丽亚-雷萨和为事实而战：《如何对抗独裁者》书评：为我们的未来而战
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00710-7
N. V. Macaspac
{"title":"Maria Ressa and the Fight for Facts: a Book Review of How To Stand Up Against A Dictator: The Fight for Our Future","authors":"N. V. Macaspac","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00710-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00710-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What’s Fairness Got to Do with it? Fair Opportunity, Practice Dependence, and the Right to Freedom of Religion 公平有什么关系？公平机会、实践依赖和宗教自由权
IF 1.4
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00709-0
Sune Lægaard
{"title":"What’s Fairness Got to Do with it? Fair Opportunity, Practice Dependence, and the Right to Freedom of Religion","authors":"Sune Lægaard","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00709-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00709-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The right to religious liberty as for instance set out in the <i>European Convention of Human Rights</i> protects acts of religious observance. Such protection can clash with other considerations, including laws aimed at protecting other state interests. Religious freedom therefore requires an account of when the right should lead to exemptions from other laws and when the right can legitimately be limited. Alan Patten has proposed a Fair Opportunity view of the normative logic of religious liberty. But Patten’s view faces several problems. The normative work in his view is mainly done by added accounts of reasonable claims and of justifiability. So, the Fair Opportunity view in itself does not provide a normative criterion. Defenses of the Fair Opportunity view must therefore turn on the theoretical preferability of its structural features. But the Fair Opportunity view has the wrong form to capture the right to freedom of religion. The form of the right to freedom of religion is due to how its point is to address how states limit the liberty of citizens. Given a practice dependent approach, which assigns importance to the point and purpose of the right to freedom of religion, Patten’s theory is thus problematic.</p>","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138681100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rebel Groups’ Adoption of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Norms: An Analysis of Discourse and Behavior in Kosovo 反政府组织对人权和国际人道法规范的采纳:对科索沃言论和行为的分析
Human Rights Review Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12142-023-00703-6
Jennifer A. Mueller
{"title":"Rebel Groups’ Adoption of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law Norms: An Analysis of Discourse and Behavior in Kosovo","authors":"Jennifer A. Mueller","doi":"10.1007/s12142-023-00703-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00703-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45171,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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