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Police shooting mortality: Investigating individual, incident, and contextual factors differentiating fatal and non-fatal police shootings 警察枪击致死率：调查区分致命和非致命警察枪击的个人、事件和背景因素
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2122648
Keller G. Sheppard, Riley Tucker
{"title":"Police shooting mortality: Investigating individual, incident, and contextual factors differentiating fatal and non-fatal police shootings","authors":"Keller G. Sheppard, Riley Tucker","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2122648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2122648","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on relevance of race and community context for police shooting mortality is underdeveloped. We collected data on 623 police-involved shootings in the state of Texas to examine which incident- and county-level factors are associated with shooting outcomes. In doing so, we incorporate a novel incident-level variable: distance from incident to trauma hospitals. Results from hierarchical linear models suggest that the lethality of police-involved shootings is positively correlated with the number of officers and citizen possession a deadly weapon. Additional models indicate that community violent crime rates are the only contextual factor associated with both fatal and non-fatal shootings.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43216779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Racial invariance in rural and urban contexts: comparing the structural sources of Black, White, and Latinx homicide in rural and urban counties, 2000 and 2010 农村和城市背景下的种族不变性:比较2000年和2010年农村和城市县黑人、白人和拉丁裔杀人案件的结构性来源
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2118919
Caroline B. Allen, Ben Feldmeyer
{"title":"Racial invariance in rural and urban contexts: comparing the structural sources of Black, White, and Latinx homicide in rural and urban counties, 2000 and 2010","authors":"Caroline B. Allen, Ben Feldmeyer","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2118919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2118919","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Structural disadvantage has long been empirically linked to violent crime across different race/ethnic groups. More recently conceptualized as “racial invariance,” observed racial differences in crime rates are hypothesized to be the result of disparities in community-level structural conditions. However, most investigations into this hypothesis have focused on urban settings, with limited attention to rural contexts. The current study seeks to fill this gap by comparing county-level structural predictors of homicide victimization for Black, White, and Latinx populations in both urban and rural communities. Consistent with the racial invariance hypothesis, findings reveal that disadvantage strongly predicts homicide across race/ethnicity in both rural and urban counties. Closer inspection of results, however, exposes noteworthy differences in the effects in rural and urban settings.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47040457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minority communities, economic inequality, and police-military resource sharing in the United states 美国的少数民族社区、经济不平等和警察-军队资源共享
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2111015
Ronald Helms, John Kilburn
{"title":"Minority communities, economic inequality, and police-military resource sharing in the United states","authors":"Ronald Helms, John Kilburn","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2111015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2111015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper uses linear methods and a sample of 2298 US counties to assess alternative explanations for patterns of military procurements to local law enforcement. The correlational evidence supports the following: metropolitan jurisdictions and areas where local agencies emphasized drug law enforcement were most likely to seek military surplus inventory. Jurisdictions with strong evidence of economic inequality and those with large young adult populations also were recipients of military surplus hardware. But in jurisdictions with a large ratio of African Americans or Hispanics to Whites, local law enforcement agencies were less likely to pursue military surplus inventory. Law enforcement receipt of US military surplus inventory is shown to exhibit patterns associated with enduring conditions of social inequality.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48043795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mock juror decisions regarding an undocumented immigrant: Similarity of defendant-juror ethnicity matters 关于无证移民的模拟陪审员决定:被告-陪审员种族的相似性问题
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2098546
Esmeralda Navarro, Wendy P. Heath, Joshua R. Stein
{"title":"Mock juror decisions regarding an undocumented immigrant: Similarity of defendant-juror ethnicity matters","authors":"Esmeralda Navarro, Wendy P. Heath, Joshua R. Stein","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2098546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2098546","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hispanic and White undergraduates (N = 238) read an online scenario depicting a Hispanic defendant on trial; defendant documentation status (undocumented, natural-born citizen) and defendant background (more sympathetic, less sympathetic) were varied. White participants saw the Hispanic defendant as generally more likely to commit a crime than Hispanic participants. White participants also saw the undocumented defendant as most likely to be guilty, while Hispanic participants saw the undocumented defendant as least likely to be guilty. These results suggest that defendant-juror similarity has an impact on juror decisions, even when the defendant is undocumented, a finding important for those selecting jurors.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intimate partner violence incidents reporting by female minorities in the United States 美国少数族裔女性亲密伴侣暴力事件报告
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2096735
L. E. Espinoza, Luis Enrique Espinoza, R. Resendiz, N. Leal, Jennifer Talleff, Zoraya Berlanga Aguilar, Rebecca Rouse, K. Anangwe
{"title":"Intimate partner violence incidents reporting by female minorities in the United States","authors":"L. E. Espinoza, Luis Enrique Espinoza, R. Resendiz, N. Leal, Jennifer Talleff, Zoraya Berlanga Aguilar, Rebecca Rouse, K. Anangwe","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2096735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2096735","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study assessed differences in intimate partner violence (IPV) incident reporting to police by minority and non-minority IPV survivors. Data originated from U.S. Census Bureau’s National Crime Victimization Survey from 2010 to 2020. Of 240,000 interviews, 2,255 female respondents (750 female minorities) answered questions regarding violence perpetrated by a current/former intimate partner. Female minorities were less likely to report their IPV incident than non-Hispanic White females. Non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to report their IPV incident to the police than Hispanics when the incident was near home. Disparities in reporting may obstruct efforts to protect the rights of the accused and victims. Findings help victim services providers ensure victims are provided support, resources, and care to overcome reporting barriers of IPV.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42739151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Racial tension, public mistrust, and policing: Insights from police leaders in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV)- a research note 种族紧张、公众不信任和治安:来自里约热内卢格兰德山谷(RGV)警察领导人的见解——一份研究报告
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2102561
Marika Dawkins-Cavazos
{"title":"Racial tension, public mistrust, and policing: Insights from police leaders in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV)- a research note","authors":"Marika Dawkins-Cavazos","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2102561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2102561","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents preliminary insights from police leaders in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV), a southwestern border region of the United States. Perceptions among minority police leaders with respect to minority-police interactions have received little attention. To better understand the perceptions of minority police leaders, this study focused on whether police leaders in a predominantly Hispanic region of the country perceive that racial tensions influence police-community interactions. Using a purposive sample of 29 police leaders, preliminary results suggest that recent high-profile incidents have had some impact on how officers do their jobs. Implications for public policy and suggestions for future studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44518558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Racial/ethnic variations in the polyvictimization of college women: results from a large-scale campus climate survey 大学女性多重受害的种族/民族差异:来自大规模校园气候调查的结果
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2092575
Walter S. DeKeseredy, A. Pritchard, Danielle M. Stoneberg, J. Nolan
{"title":"Racial/ethnic variations in the polyvictimization of college women: results from a large-scale campus climate survey","authors":"Walter S. DeKeseredy, A. Pritchard, Danielle M. Stoneberg, J. Nolan","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2092575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2092575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social scientific knowledge of the extent, distribution, causes, and consequences of various types of gendered interpersonal violence against North American college women has markedly advanced since the early 1980s. Nevertheless, major research gaps still exist, including a conspicuous absence of quantitative and qualitative data on racial/ethnic variations in female students’ polyvictimization experiences. Using results of the Campus Quality of Life Survey conducted at a large doctoral institution in the South Atlantic region of the United States, this article shows that ethnic minority and White female students are equally at risk of experiencing multiple types of victimizations of different kinds, such as stalking, sexual harassment, physical violence, and sexual assault.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
An aversive racism explanation for the influence of race, SES, and race-stereotypical crimes on jury decision biases against East Asian American defendants 种族、SES和种族刻板印象犯罪对陪审团针对东亚裔美国被告的裁决偏见影响的厌恶性种族主义解释
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2054890
D. K. Phan, Russ K. E. Espinoza, Susan R. Sy
{"title":"An aversive racism explanation for the influence of race, SES, and race-stereotypical crimes on jury decision biases against East Asian American defendants","authors":"D. K. Phan, Russ K. E. Espinoza, Susan R. Sy","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2054890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2054890","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aversive racism, a subtle form of contemporary racism for persons who may hold egalitarian values, has been used to explain prejudice by jurors toward Black American and Latinx American defendants, but has yet to examine East Asian American defendants as targets of prejudice. After conducting a pilot study to find race-stereotypical crimes for Asian Americans and White Americans, the purpose of the main study was to examine mock jurors’ prejudice toward East Asian American defendants from an aversive racism perspective. A 2 (Race: White American or East Asian American) x 2 (SES: low or high) x 2 (Race-Stereotypical Crime: embezzlement or computer hacking) between-subjects design was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to read one of eight trial vignettes describing the crime the defendant had allegedly committed. They were then asked to render a verdict, recommend a sentence, and rate the defendant on various culpability and trait measures. Results showed mock jurors sentenced the low SES East Asian American defendant who committed a race-stereotypical crime more punitively than all other conditions. Mock jurors also found this defendant more culpable and rated him more negatively on a number of trait ascriptions. Limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44911401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Learning from indigenous youth to build relations and earn trust in policing 向土著青年学习，在警务工作中建立关系并赢得信任
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2081643
Leisa Desmoulins, Melissa Oskineegish, Kelsey Jaggard
{"title":"Learning from indigenous youth to build relations and earn trust in policing","authors":"Leisa Desmoulins, Melissa Oskineegish, Kelsey Jaggard","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2081643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2081643","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As part of a local police service’s larger organizational change initiative, this study explored trust in policing. A cultural safety lens was used to hear Indigenous youths’ truths and experiences. Methods comprised three focus groups with 19 participants (age 18-30 years) in the spring of 2019. Researchers employed a three-phase procedure to code and analyze the data. Findings highlight factors that led to participants’ mistrust and perceptions of biased policing. Participants also recommended four ways for police to gain their trust through education, community engagement, respectful relations, and accountability. Implications for practice ensure a culturally safe approach for police and other mainstream organizations to follow for institutional changes that promote trust and reconciliation. Conclusions and next steps follow for an iterative, dialogical process for cultural safety.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black Muslim perceptions of police respectfulness and stop legitimacy 黑人穆斯林对警察的尊重和停止合法性的看法
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2022.2078917
Arsalan Khan, Molly Smith
{"title":"Black Muslim perceptions of police respectfulness and stop legitimacy","authors":"Arsalan Khan, Molly Smith","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2022.2078917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2022.2078917","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is limited understanding of how perceptions of racially discriminatory policing are complicated by ethnicity, particularly among Black Muslims. Given the dual-pronged discrimination they likely experience, this study examines how racial and Muslim identity, systemic racism, and knowledge of Black history influence perceptions of police respectfulness and stop legitimacy among a nationwide sample of Black Muslims. Results determined a negative relationship between perceptions of racism as a major problem in America and police respectfulness and a positive relationship between knowledge of Black history and illegitimate stops. These findings support the continued implementation of policies to eliminate racism and develop a broader understanding of American Black history, as well as speak to the benefits of ongoing police reforms in this regard.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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