Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice最新文献

{"title":"Perceptions of the criminal justice system by minority and majority group university students: The role of ethnic identity","authors":"Cynthia Willis Esqueda, Madeline J. Schlosser, R. H. Delgado, David Orozco Garcia","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2018.1512918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2018.1512918","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Minorities are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and prior research has indicated ethnic minorities and Whites have different opinions of and different experiences within the system. While differences have been shown, the influence of ethnic identity on perceptions of the legal system has been overlooked. The purpose of the present research was to determine if there were differences in perceptions of the legal system by ethnic identity levels for ethnic minorities and Whites. Results indicated differences do exist and ethnic identity is a crucial issue in understanding resonance with the legal system. Future directions for incorporating ethnic identity in research on the criminal justice system are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2018.1512918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45955805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disproportionate minority contact in the Dutch juvenile justice system","authors":"A. Boon, Melissa van Dorp, S. D. de Boer","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2018.1564717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2018.1564717","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To examine whether disproportionate minority contact (DMC) exists in the Netherlands, the representation of minority youth was determined for all stages of the juvenile justice system. Using native Dutch youth as a reference group, the odds ratios (OR) to be registered and arrested as suspect, for alternative punishment and for incarceration, were calculated for the minority youth. In all stages of the juvenile justice system, the ORs for minority youths were considerably higher, except for alternative punishment, having lower ORs. This indicates that DMC exists in the Netherlands. DMC should be politicized and programs should be developed to eliminate this inequality.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2018.1564717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44027235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy, distance, and blame: juror perceptions of black male homicide victims in capital cases","authors":"Alicia A. Girgenti-Malone","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1579140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1579140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The courts have consistently struggled with the discriminatory imposition of the death penalty. This research employs data from the Capital Jury Project which seeks to identify arbitrariness in jurors’ decision-making. Results indicate that Black male victims are perceived to be the most likely to have a problem with drugs/alcohol and come from poor/deprived backgrounds and the least likely to be respected in the community and be perceived as innocent. Black male victims and their families also receive the least empathy from jurors, whom jurors feel the most distance from, and who are most to blame for their victimization. Results suggest the enduring racialization of violent crime and the continuing devaluation of the lives of Black males in American society.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1579140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44337751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic differences in the risk factors associated with bully victimization","authors":"Chrystina Y. Hoffman, L. Daigle","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2018.1544526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2018.1544526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bullying victimization has been recognized as a social issue facing a large proportion of America’s children and adolescents. Although important contributions to the knowledge base have been made regarding risk factors for bullying, little is known about whether a relationship between the potential victim’s race/ethnicity and their likelihood of bully victimization exists. Further, whether the factors that place persons at risk for bullying victimization are invariant across groups is unknown. The present study attempts to fill these voids in the literature by using a national sample and incorporating a more comprehensive list of predictors compared to what has been used in previous studies. Results indicate that risk factors for bullying are largely invariant across race and ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2018.1544526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48021549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender, age, and ethnic differences in offending behavior among Hispanic/Latino criminal justice clients.","authors":"Gladys E Ibañez,&nbsp;Angel Algarin,&nbsp;Rana Jaber,&nbsp;Disler Vanessa Ayala,&nbsp;Steve S Martin,&nbsp;Daniel J O'Connell","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1661058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1661058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hispanic/Latinos are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system. Using convenience sampling, the present study examined the lifetime and recent offending behavior of Hispanic/Latinos involved in community corrections in Miami, Florida. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Participants were mostly male (59.7%), less than 40 years old (84.1%), and almost half were of Cuban descent (48.5%). Women were less likely to manufacture or sell drugs than men (AOR=.42, p<.03), and more likely to report recent prostitution (AOR=7.34, p< .001) and stealing from houses or shops (AOR=2.68, p<.01). Central Americans were less likely to report alcohol and drug related offenses than Cubans. Findings suggest that criminality among Hispanic/Latinos may vary by gender and by sub-groups. Prevention programs should be tailored accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1661058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37700942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women of color and the war on crime: An explanation for the rise in Black female imprisonment","authors":"Mark G. Harmon, Breanna Boppre","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2015.1052173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2015.1052173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since 1972, U.S. female imprisonment has risen twice as fast as male imprisonment, with increased disparities between White females and women of color. Such disparities are particularly stark for drug crimes, for which Black and Latina women are increasingly imprisoned. This article examines the relationship between the war on crime and the pronounced rise in Black female imprisonment. An analysis of data covering 40 states from 1983–2008 indicates that although women are less likely than men to be incarcerated, nonviolent offenses, particularly drug crimes, are increasingly driving the growth in female imprisonment and growing the racial disparity in female imprisonment.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2015.1052173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45864100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review","authors":"S. Smith","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2016.1232209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2016.1232209","url":null,"abstract":"Andrea Smith’s Conquest: Sexual Violence an American Indian Genocide is a complex narrative that is centered on advocacy, global mobilization, violence, reproduction rights, environmental injustice, accountability, and reparations. The emphasis is on feminism, specifically Native women and their struggles within their own communities that can be directly linked to “the process of colonization, sexual violence, dehumanization and marginalizing” (xvii). The foreword by Winona LaDuke and the introduction are the outline for the book. The analysis is that Indian people are oppressed through colonization, racism, and discrimination by the dominant society using sexual violence as a tool. Smith attempts to eradicate the limitations we have put on conceptualizing sexual and gender violence by taking a holistic approach in understanding its connection with patriarchy, assimilation, and genocide. In Chapter 1, Smith defines Native women and women of color in general as “rapable” (p. 10). More importantly, she provides historical evidence of rape as a means of control used by white colonizers. By combining torture, mutilation, rape, and murder, it reinforced subjugation. Furthermore, this legacy can be seen in the statistics that show women of color are more likely to be victims of sexual assault, sexual violence, and human trafficking compared to white women (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2015). In Chapter 2, Smith examines the role government-mandated boarding schools played in Native communities to further colonize or “civilize” children. These institutions perpetuated social control, patriarchy, sexual violence, psychological abuse, among other abuses (i.e., sterilization) that have been internalized by generations of Indian people. Furthermore, boarding school survivors have been marginalized due to the lack of accountability on the part of the United States government and churches. Subsequently, families were removed from their land and as a result, cultural and spiritual traditions were destroyed. Instead of taking a separatist view, Smith asserts that Native people and African Americans should be united in their efforts to receive reparations for what is owed to them. Most important, acts of genocide, slavery, and relocation to reservations are direct violations of their human rights. Environmental injustice and destruction of Indian land are regarded as another form of rape. For example, Aboriginals, Eskimos, Islanders in Hawaii, and Natives in Canada","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2016.1232209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awards Honoring Dr. Roslyn Muraskin","authors":"J. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2018.1551121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2018.1551121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2018.1551121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42108945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flawed justice: A study of wrongly convicted African American women","authors":"Marvin D. Free, Jr., Mitch Ruesink","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2015.1015199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2015.1015199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This exploratory study examines 37 wrongfully convicted Black women. The cases were culled from electronic databases located at the Innocence Project, the Center on Wrongful Convictions, the Death Penalty Information Center, the National Registry of Exonerations and from the innocence database at forejustice.org in addition to newspaper and magazine articles. Prosecutorial misconduct and perjury by criminal justice officials constituted the 2 most important factors leading to wrongful convictions. Police misconduct was the 3rd most important factor, followed by ineffective assistance of counsel and insufficient evidence to support a conviction. The use of informants, false confessions, witness errors, and forensic errors were among the least common contributors. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also addressed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2015.1015199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47516486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Latina penalty: Juvenile correctional attitudes toward the Latina juvenile offender","authors":"L. Pasko, Vera Lopez","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2015.1015196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2015.1015196","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates perceptions of Latina juvenile offenders among juvenile probation officers, judges, psychologists, and other juvenile correctional decision makers. Using in-depth interviews with 62 juvenile justice professionals, this article examines how gender and culture are constructed and how such constructions can lead correctional decision makers to stereotypical and oftentimes punitive recommendations and responses. Overall, the article finds that (a) the majority of professionals felt that Latina offenders engaged more often in sexual promiscuity, gang membership, and violence in comparison to their non-Latina counterparts; (b) the majority of professionals felt frustration or antipathy toward working with Latina offenders; and (c) few interviewees could articulate an understanding of what gender-specific or culturally specific programming might entail for Latina girls, nor could they identify such options in their districts. We conclude with recommendations for improving juvenile justice services directed at Latina offenders.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2015.1015196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}