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Interracial encounters with the police: findings from the NCVS police-public contact survey 与警察的异族遭遇：NCVS警察公众接触调查结果
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1646688
Jamie L. Flexon, Stewart J. D'alessio, Lisa Stolzenberg, Richard G. Greenleaf
{"title":"Interracial encounters with the police: findings from the NCVS police-public contact survey","authors":"Jamie L. Flexon, Stewart J. D'alessio, Lisa Stolzenberg, Richard G. Greenleaf","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1646688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1646688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The public regularly encounter law enforcement. In an era of the Blacks Lives Matter movement and associated discord with law enforcement, understanding the contours of police--public relations and its potential consequences are paramount. Using national level data of police stops, we attempt to identify factors that influence attitudes of respect and legitimacy toward the police. Findings reveal that, among other things, race impacts perceptions of law enforcement through the interracial characteristics of encounters, a context in which some citizens are more likely to question police legitimacy even after controlling for other salient factors. Policy considerations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1646688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44197223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
“What if my parents get deported?” Hispanic youths’ feelings about the Trump Presidency “如果我父母被驱逐出境怎么办?”西班牙裔年轻人对特朗普总统任期的感受
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1636919
Connie Hassett-Walker
{"title":"“What if my parents get deported?” Hispanic youths’ feelings about the Trump Presidency","authors":"Connie Hassett-Walker","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1636919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1636919","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While much has been written about President Donald Trump’s immigration policies, a subject receiving less attention is how Hispanic children feel about the President. Findings are presented from focus group discussions with Hispanic youth who were asked about the President’s immigration policies; how those policies affected their focus group participation decision; and whether they saw the President’s approach to immigration impacting their future. Some participants expressed anxiety about their future, while others were less fearful because the President would be out of office by the time they reached adulthood. Some subjects saw new immigration policies as impacting their families more than themselves. Implications for researchers working with subjects who are Hispanic, other ethnic minorities and/or immigrants are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1636919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Police worldviews, unconscious bias, and their potential to contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in New York Police Department (NYPD) stops for reason of “furtive movement” 纽约警察局(NYPD)的警察世界观、无意识偏见及其对种族和民族差异的潜在贡献因“偷偷摸摸的行动”而停止。
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1636920
W. Morrow, John A. Shjarback
{"title":"Police worldviews, unconscious bias, and their potential to contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in New York Police Department (NYPD) stops for reason of “furtive movement”","authors":"W. Morrow, John A. Shjarback","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1636920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1636920","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Floyd et al. v The City of New York (2013), the federal district court judge ruled that the New York Police Department (NYPD) was engaging in unconstitutional stop-and-frisk practices that targeted predominately Black and Latino New Yorkers. Among the major decisions made in Floyd (2013), the judge identified “Furtive Movement” as being a weak indicator for establishing the reasonable suspicion needed to justify a Terry stop. Moreover, the judge recognized that “Furtive Movement” is a vague and subjective term, which may be affected by unconscious bias and lead to racial and ethnic disparities in stop outcomes. Building on the judge’s concern about unconscious bias, the current study attempts to (1) provide a theoretical framework for understanding how police officers’ worldview may contribute to or interact with unconscious biases and to (2) examine whether NYPD officers are more likely to stop Black and Hispanic New Yorkers than their White counterparts for the reason of “Furtive Movement.” The latter inquiry is explored using NYPD stop-and-frisk data from 2011, 2013, and 2016. The social scientific implications of this research provide support for (1) the judge’s apprehension toward police stops on the basis of furtive gestures and (2) the effectiveness of court-ordered intervention.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1636920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Sounding guilty: How accent bias affects juror judgments of culpability 听起来有罪：口音偏见如何影响陪审员对罪责的判断
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963
J. Cantone, Leslie N. Martinez, Cynthia Willis-Esqueda, Taija Miller
{"title":"Sounding guilty: How accent bias affects juror judgments of culpability","authors":"J. Cantone, Leslie N. Martinez, Cynthia Willis-Esqueda, Taija Miller","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Black Americans and Mexican Americans have faced continued cultural stereotypes, as well as more punitive outcomes, within the judicial system. Very little research has explored whether minority defendants with stereotypical accents face additional discrimination. The current study investigated the role of race and accent bias on juror decisions for Black, Mexican American, or White defendants in a negligence case. Results indicated that while Black and Mexican American defendants were found more negligent than White defendants, Black defendants were judged more negatively than White and Mexican American defendants, especially when the Black defendant had a stereotypical accent. The results offer important legal considerations that attorneys must make when deciding whether or not to recommend that the defendant testify.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1623963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45367857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Risk assessment as a mechanism for reducing differential treatment of minorities by a juvenile justice system 风险评估作为减少少年司法系统对少数群体差别待遇的机制
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647
Eyitayo Onifade, A. Barnes, C. Campbell, Amber Mandalari
{"title":"Risk assessment as a mechanism for reducing differential treatment of minorities by a juvenile justice system","authors":"Eyitayo Onifade, A. Barnes, C. Campbell, Amber Mandalari","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disparities in treatment of African American juvenile offenders persist in juvenile justice systems across the United States. This study examined adjudication trends over a ten-year span within a Mid-Western County’s juvenile court for African American young offenders subsequent of the system’s implementation of the Risk Need Responsivity Model (RNR-Model). Special attention was given to changes in disproportionate minority contact with intensive interventions within the Delinquency Division versus informal probation, which is considered a low intensity and less punitive adjudication path. The findings indicated African Americans were more likely to be referred to low intensity interventions at Intake (Informal Probation) after the RNR Model was implemented, suggesting disparities in contact were partially mitigated by the risk assessment approach. Implications for policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1619647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The independent and joint effects of race, crime, and social location on the dispositional decisions of juvenile girls 种族、犯罪和社会位置对未成年女孩性格决定的独立和共同影响
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780
P. G. Lowery
{"title":"The independent and joint effects of race, crime, and social location on the dispositional decisions of juvenile girls","authors":"P. G. Lowery","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The nexus of race, gender, and social location remain a habitual line of inquiry for many criminologists. However, quantitative studies of intersectionality are rare and especially rare as it relates to those studying serious and violent girls sentenced in the juvenile court. Particularly, this study seeks to explore how racialized gender expectations and forms of double/multiplicative jeopardy influence the back-end outcomes for serious and violent girls. Findings reveal the black girls, compared to their white counterparts, were sentenced with less leniency, and instead, punished in a more punitive matter. Importantly, these findings vary across the gamut of legal and extralegal variables. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed, as well as the limitations of the present study.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Maximizing order or harm? Arrests among a social network of people who inject drugs in a large urban city 最大化秩序还是最大化伤害?在大城市的一个注射毒品的社会网络中逮捕了一些人
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909
Natalie Flath, K. Tobin, Kelly M. King, Alexandra Lee, C. Latkin
{"title":"Maximizing order or harm? Arrests among a social network of people who inject drugs in a large urban city","authors":"Natalie Flath, K. Tobin, Kelly M. King, Alexandra Lee, C. Latkin","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Encountering the criminal justice system at the first point of entry---an arrest---is associated with heightened HIV and Hepatitis risk behavior among people who inject drugs (PWIDS). Intervening structurally through the criminal justice system impacts public health; therefore, determining arrest patterns is an important tool for risk reduction. Among a sample of 740 PWIDs, and their social network members recruited from predominantly African-American neighborhoods in Baltimore City, a third were recently arrested in the previous six months, and of those, the arrests were disproportionately African-American persons and characterized as nonviolent, i.e., drug possession/attempt to purchase (38%) and loitering (29%). Poisson regression models were built adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, homelessness, and monthly income after exploring bivariable characteristics of arrests using chi-squared tests. Active drug use was associated with a recent arrest (adjusted prevalence ratio: aPR 2.38 95% CI 1.6, 3.6), in addition to participants who recently reported attending a syringe exchange program (aPR 1.45 95% CI 1.1, 2.0). Our findings are suggestive of recent media coverage and burgeoning research revealing the prioritization of policing resources toward both communities of color and neighborhoods of intensified drug trafficking. Further research is warranted to contextualize the operationalization of criminal justice resources and the impact on community health.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46483759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Gender differences and patterns of arrest across two generations of Cuban immigrants in the United States 两代古巴移民在美国的性别差异和逮捕模式
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910
V. Andreescu
{"title":"Gender differences and patterns of arrest across two generations of Cuban immigrants in the United States","authors":"V. Andreescu","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study is based on a secondary-data analysis of a subsample of Cuban immigrants residing in the United States. While there are no significant differences in arrest rates between U.S. natives of Cuban descent and their foreign-born counterparts, life transitions have a differential impact on behavioral outcomes when young men and women of Cuban ancestry are compared. Job instability increases the risk of arrest for men, while being a single parent increases the risk of arrest for women. Growing up in a two-parent family and marriage have crime protective effects for men, while religiosity decreases the probability of arrest for women. In both subsamples, having a family member arrested was the strongest predictor of one’s arrest status in early adulthood.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1593910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and crime examined through trauma experiences among young adults in the United States 种族/民族、公民身份和犯罪通过美国年轻人的创伤经历进行研究
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413
Christopher Allen Mallett, Miyuki Fukushima Tedor, L. Quinn
{"title":"Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and crime examined through trauma experiences among young adults in the United States","authors":"Christopher Allen Mallett, Miyuki Fukushima Tedor, L. Quinn","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and trauma, have significant impact on delinquency and crime outcomes; though the reasons for some expected and unexpected crime pathways are still unanswered. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n = 7,103), this study found the following results: no difference in the likelihood of engagement in delinquency and crime between blacks and whites; cumulative trauma increased delinquency and crime rates for all racial and ethnic groups; racial and ethnic minority groups compared to whites reported a significantly higher level of childhood trauma experiences; and native-born female immigrant groups (but not male) were more likely to engage in delinquency and crime than first-generation female immigrant groups. Implications and recommendations are set forth.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1570413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44842170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Target congruence theory and Latino youth victimization 目标一致性理论与拉丁裔青少年受害行为
IF 1.2
Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2019-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137
Egbert Zavala, C. Whitney
{"title":"Target congruence theory and Latino youth victimization","authors":"Egbert Zavala, C. Whitney","doi":"10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While a number of studies have found that immigrant youth are less likely to engage in delinquency, they are more likely to report victimization. Scholars have traditionally attributed this finding to American cultural norms that may generate marginalization and culture conflict that, in return, increases the likelihood of victimization. However, few studies have applied victimization theories to this study population. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply Target Congruence Theory to test its capability to explain victimization among Latino youth. Data collected from the Dating Violence Among Latino Adolescents (DAVILA) Study shows that a target’s vulnerability, gratifiability, and antagonism modestly predicted their victimization. Results, as well as the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45166,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15377938.2019.1584137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42728582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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