Journal of Urban Management最新文献

{"title":"Spatial analysis of socio-economic and demographic factors influencing urban flood vulnerability","authors":"Md Tazmul Islam,&nbsp;Qingmin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid urbanization and climate change require a thorough understanding of flood vulnerability in order to assure urban safety and resilience. Understanding the factors that contribute to flood vulnerability, allows us to develop effective initiatives that could mitigate the destructive consequences of flooding, while also protecting communities. The objective of this research is to identify and model the socio-economic and demographic factors that significantly influence flood vulnerability in the floodplains of Jackson, Mississippi, and Birmingham, Alabama, USA. First we analyzed the correlation between socio-economic and demographic factors then employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to address multicollinearity, a common challenge in multivariate statistical modeling. Subsequently, PCs-based global regression (PCR) and geographically weighted regression (PCGWR) analysis are used to identify key drivers of flood vulnerability. The findings demonstrate that a significant proportion of the variance (&gt;80%) of these factors can be captured by first two to three Principal Components (PCs). Consistent with existing research, African American, poverty, seniors, and the number of less educated people positively correlate with flood vulnerability, while income and housing prices exhibit a negative correlation. Additionally, PCGWR outperformed the Principal Component Regression (PCR) in most cases, highlighting the spatial heterogeneity of flood vulnerability. This study focuses on two U.S. cities, and the methodology is applicable to other cities with similar characteristics. The identified factors align with global research on flood vulnerability, making the proposed research and findings valuable worldwide. The findings of this research are useful for local governments, policymakers, and urban developers to make detailed location specific flood vulnerability plan to reduce impact of flood and improve urban resilience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000694/pdfft?md5=0f30abadf191765a83c6257ba9ff88da&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000694-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metropolitan expansion and rural change in the peri-urban edge Medellín - Rionegro (Colombia)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the way in which the expansion zones of the metropolitan areas of Medellín and Rionegro are currently moving from the communal relations that marked their rural life to anonymous relations in which notions of neighborliness are gradually disappearing. Understanding the urban as a social condition and not only as a physical expression of the territory, but the urban is also no longer the opposite of the rural, nor is it synonymous with the city. The urban constitutes a phenomenon where anonymity and individuality are privileged in a space. This process takes place in a rural space where part of its heritage is the landscape and unneighborly relations. We assume the notion of the peri-urban limit as a space of undefinition that extends from the periphery of the Aburrá Valley to some of the rural hamlets of the Territorial Subsystem: Alto Grande - La Ramada, in the San Nicolas Valley; places where the communal is disappearing to give way to new urban dynamics. The article constitutes a theoretical contribution to the interpretation of the new realities observed in the peri-urban fringes of many contemporary metropolises, not only because of the debate it opens on the ways of understanding current urban-rural problems, but also because it suggests other perspectives for territorial planning based on the readings of the new social realities that are established there.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000669/pdfft?md5=3121fde74b97732e3ea176f84cddcf2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000669-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring perceptions towards biodiversity conservation in urban parks: Insights on acceptability and design attributes.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green infrastructure has emerged as an opportunity to balance sociocultural and ecological benefits, alongside the potential for biodiversity conservation in cities. However, key design challenges that remain unsolved including 1) how to effectively balance biodiversity conservation and sociocultural benefits, and 2) how user's perception and knowledge may affect the acceptance of conservation interventions in parks. In this study, we used a mixed methods approach in which focus groups were used to explore users' perceptions of landscape attributes, their benefits, biodiversity, climate change, and conservation interventions in parks. This was followed by face-to-face interviews with the broader general public to quantitatively assess perceptions and acceptability for conservation interventions in parks. While plant density and functional diversity were identified as key landscape attributes, trade-offs may occur with other attributes such as multi-functionality and the order of the vegetation. Most conservation interventions had high acceptance levels, where the decrease of grass in parks was the most controversial attribute. All interventions were correlated with the importance of landscape attributes and climate change concerns, but poorly associated with knowledge of native biodiversity. The results support 1) increasing the functional diversity of plants in parks as a way to balance environmental and sociocultural benefits and promote the acceptability of conservation interventions, however such an increase should be linked to designs that respect notions of order and other park uses, and 2) environmental education based on climate change may be the key to improving acceptability of these initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000657/pdfft?md5=3db2af4b9dc6e4a97eba6da8d1539fb6&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000657-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A carbon footprint analysis of the redevelopment of former residential areas","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The negative impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO₂ emissions, have garnered widespread attention. Various old residential areas in China, built more than 20 years ago, have been undergoing urgent transformation to improve citizens’ quality of life, which may significantly reduce carbon emissions. This study developed a carbon emissions accounting framework for residential areas to account the emissions impact of residential transformation. The framework addressed the inventory classifications of landscape greening, residential buildings, water resources, solid waste, infrastructure and transportation. The consumption-based calculation model and bottom-up data collection methods were used. The results show that the transformation of two old residential areas achieved considerable carbon reductions of 17.16% and 33.37% in South and North China, respectively. The macro guidance of local policies, specifically those regarding local urban infrastructure construction, significantly aided the carbon emissions reductions. Based on the calculation results, a list of recommended technologies was proposed to reduce carbon emissions, and four measures (adding greening, improving the garbage recovery rate, separating rain and sewage and transforming envelope structures for energy savings in northern China) were recommended to promote low carbon development in residential areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000645/pdfft?md5=12d9680785fb67ff4dd3c4df958eb3b6&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000645-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalization strategies for improving bus travel time prediction across networks","authors":"Zack Aemmer ,&nbsp;Sondre Sørbø ,&nbsp;Alfredo Clemente ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Ruocco","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on developing and evaluating predictive models for bus travel times adaptable to any transit network, or to new roadway segments without prior travel time data. Most prior work relies on non-standardized features such as road traffic forecasts or closed-source datasets to test predictions on a single route or network. We leverage standardized and open-source data from GTFS and GTFS-RT feeds to gather four months of realtime bus position data from Seattle and Trondheim's transit networks. We then test and refine strategies for generalizing model predictions across both locations. To achieve this, we first develop a data pipeline to process and clean the raw data, then extract features from the standardized sources. We then evaluate the performance of several deep learning and heuristic models in predicting bus travel times between source and target bus networks. Holdout data is taken from selected routes in the source city to validate the internal generalization of the models. Data from the target city is used to evaluate the external generalization of the models. An ablation study explores the impact of different open data sources on model generalization (GPS, static timetables, OpenStreetMap and other realtime trips). We then extend the analysis to 33 international bus networks, placing the results in broader context and testing fine-tuning strategies for generalization. Results show that deep learning methods generalize well within the source network, with as little as 1% loss in MAPE on holdout routes. With minimal fine-tuning generalization is significantly improved on the target network. Model features built on static schedule data, realtime positions or OpenStreetMap embeddings improved generalization performance (up to 10% reduction in MAPE). This was more pronounced for networks with a greater initial quantity of training data. As a route-planning tool for roadways without prior data, geospatial data mining can provide reasonable bus travel time estimates. For cross-sectional bus network analysis, fine tuning on at least 100 trajectory samples for each target network is required to significantly outperform baseline heuristics. This necessitates a GTFS-RT or other standardized realtime data feed in the target city.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S222658562400061X/pdfft?md5=eb612411ade4cf7cbc7041868474b4f5&pid=1-s2.0-S222658562400061X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the complex association between urban form and crime: Evidence from 1,486 U.S. counties","authors":"Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Hongyu Li ,&nbsp;Shixian Luo ,&nbsp;Daer Su ,&nbsp;Tongguang Zang ,&nbsp;Takeshi Kinoshita","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban form contributes to crime prevention. However, most studies not only simplify the relationship between urban form and crime, they also fail to reflect the geographic structure of urban areas. This study first measured a comprehensive multidimensional urban form indicator for 1486 counties in the United States, which was used to characterize the size and geospatial structure of urban areas. Specifically, it described urban form as consisting of three components: 1) size and population distribution; 2) built environment; and 3) landscape environment. Then, generalized additive mixed models were then used to explore linear or nonlinear associations between urban form indicators and different crime types (violent and property crime). This study's main findings were that 1) the relationship between urban form and crime is not only linear but may also be nonlinear; 2) urban size, fragmentation, connectivity, forest mixing, and shrub mixing are associated with all crime types; 3) population distribution and agricultural mixing are associated with violent crime; and 4) urban patch complexity and water mixing are associated with property crime. Overall, the results of this study can provide guidance for long-term planning of urban geographic structures, contributing to the safe and sustainable development of urban areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000670/pdfft?md5=9f4d65e626de711ff00097ea7aca4c9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000670-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal / formal morphogenesis in Latin American settlements: A response to the problem of urban fragmentation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban morphogenesis in informal settlements results from occupation, transformation, and morphological extension processes that cause territorial fragmentation, producing inequality and spatial segregation, which are the main characteristics of Latin American informal urbanism. However, there is scarce research on analysing the processes that cause fragmentation. The research develops a morphological analysis that aims to improve the processes of urban assemblage by identifying the dynamics of territorialisation and deterritorialisation promoted by political and social factors, capable of producing spatial discontinuity in the informal morphogenic evolution. As a method, a diachronic analysis is developed by mapping the morphological evolution of the processes of occupation, transformation and extension of networks between 2002 and 2021 on three models of informal settlements in Lima, Mexico City, Medellin and Santiago de Chile for a comparison of cases. As a result, corrective mechanisms called “interface devices” (ID) are obtained, which include the improvement of land management policies and the implementation of gradual interventions according to informal evolution, decreasing urban fragmentation in different phases of territorial evolution and the possibility of being applied in international contexts of the global south.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000578/pdfft?md5=b75284604e318b2e2ed70301a0800044&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000578-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do local governments respond to central mandate in affordable housing policy? A qualitative comparative analysis of forty-one Chinese cities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Countries in developed and developing worlds have faced growing challenges to solve affordable housing shortages for lower-income households, prompting the adoption of various types of mandates to compel local implementation of affordable housing policy. A large volume of literature has focused on whether and how such top-down mandate indeed improves local supply of affordable housing. Insufficient understanding has been provided regarding the multi-faceted nature of local strategic responses to a top-down housing mandate. This research addresses this intellectual gap with an empirical study of local strategic behavior in response to the affordable housing mandate that was announced by the central government during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2011–2015). Through systematic content analysis of local news reports on affordable housing from 41 Chinese cities from various provinces, we describe the multiple-dimensional characteristics of local policy actions as cities were compelled to complied with the mandate. We further employ a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method to investigate how top-down political pressure combines with local policy interpretation, resource mobilization capacity, and local public pressure lead to more diverse policy actions in affordable housing. This research enriches the understanding of how city governments respond to top-down housing mandate, as well as offers valuable policy implications for affordable housing policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000621/pdfft?md5=c2658860aa9647a02a4c0d427cbe3f86&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000621-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal association of urban park characteristics and physical activity levels based on GTWR: A serial cross-sectional observational study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physical inactivity poses a significant public health challenge. Numerous studies have argued that urban parks can promote physical activity (PA). However, evidence of physical activity observed over long periods of time in parks is still very lacking. Our serial cross-sectional study within urban parks in Shanghai investigated seasonal and daily variations in PA. Employing a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model, we established spatiotemporal relationships between urban park characteristics and PA levels. We found that (1) Highest PA levels occur in winter, while the lowest levels are observed in summer, with a V-shaped daily pattern. (2) Robust and significant associations between specific park characteristics and PA levels, while other characteristics exhibited varying associations in different temporal and spatial contexts. These insights offer valuable guidance for urban planners and park designers aiming to create more active and sustainable urban environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000633/pdfft?md5=20b17e3f54967c96a7f0b2c81fee5bba&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000633-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cityphilia and cityphobia: A multi-scalar search for city love in Flanders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cities, towns, and rural areas form a complex spatial system influenced by governance, economic factors, and the perceptions of their residents. This paper introduces the concepts of 'cityphilia' and 'cityphobia' as metaphors for the spatial attraction and repulsion forces that shape local quality of life. It aims to create and validate an operational framework for understanding citizens' appreciation and attachment to their living environment, often referred to as 'city love.' This framework considers two key components, 'body' and 'soul,' encompassing both physical and social aspects. Building upon Charles Tiebout's work on the competitive attractiveness of cities and aligning with contemporary research on the geography of happiness, a conceptual model is developed and applied to identify and assess the components of city love using various indicators. These indicators encompass local attractiveness, local public expenditures, and inter-urban interdependencies. The model is empirically tested in the context of Flanders, Belgium, a region comprising 300 distinct municipalities, both urban and rural. A Beta regression model is employed, which incorporates spatial dependencies to examine multi-scalar effects on residential satisfaction. The results affirm the soundness of the 'city love' framework and emphasize the significance of central place systems in providing tangible and intangible well-being services to citizens within a hierarchical spatial structure. These findings carry notable implications for urban policy and management, shedding light on how local attractiveness and interdependence shape the well-being of residents in diverse urban and rural settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585624000293/pdfft?md5=62d5f21d59f25acb025c4109457aa9cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585624000293-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}