Journal of Urban Management最新文献_第10页

Studying light pollution as an emerging environmental concern in India 研究光污染作为印度一个新兴的环境问题

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.012

Komal Kaushik, Soumya Nair, Arif Ahamad

{"title":"Studying light pollution as an emerging environmental concern in India","authors":"Komal Kaushik, Soumya Nair, Arif Ahamad","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing global population has increased the demands for urban housing development not only in the cities but in suburbs and rural areas as well. This gradual but speedy urbanization and globalization have introduced a new kind of “night lifestyle” among people, who engage in various entertainment activities late in the evening till early mornings. This influx of urban architecture and changes in lifestyles have resulted in increased use of various kinds of lighting systems in our cities to a point where some cities like Mumbai and New York City are known as “the cities that never sleep.” Although this might be contributing significantly to the economy, they cause greater harm-light pollution, with little to no awareness. This paper, therefore, deals with the various types and causes, and thus the consequences of light pollution, ranging from plants, animals, humans to astronomy. The documentation done so far concerning light pollution has been done by scientists and astronomers from the West. Thus, an attempt has been made to assess the awareness ratio among Indians between the ages of 16–65 through an online questionnaire, analyzing the collected data qualitatively. It was found that majority of the participants were not aware about the term ‘light pollution’ and consequently were not aware about the threat that comes with it. So the objective of this review paper is to bring attention to the severity of the issue of light pollution and make people aware of the consequences it has on our lives. All the effective mitigation policies and regulations from various countries around the world that were theorized to deal with this risk and propagate awareness are included. Our goal is to bring these solutions to practice in the Asian and South Asian countries like India and make the masses informed as light pollution is still a relatively new and alien concept.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000383/pdfft?md5=5e99c9a504700e1aef856b0733cb0ad4&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000383-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42951817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Reproduction of urban informality in Iran: Its key factors, tools and challenges 伊朗城市非正式性的再生产:关键因素、工具和挑战

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.007

Kyoumars Habibi , Mahyar Arefi , Milad Doostvandi , Kasra Ashouri

{"title":"Reproduction of urban informality in Iran: Its key factors, tools and challenges","authors":"Kyoumars Habibi , Mahyar Arefi , Milad Doostvandi , Kasra Ashouri","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due partly to neoliberal policies—especially in developing countries—and as a result of globalization, urban informality has become an indisputable part of urbanization since the 1970s. As a developing country, Iran has also dealt with the onset of this type of urbanism since the 1920s. The majority of global studies recognize the status of informal settlements and explain relevant approaches and actions. However, less emphasis is placed on informal reproduction factors; This study critically examines the factors that culminate in the reproduction of informality in Iran, namely the ominous triangle of power (government), the state economy, and knowledge-based on instrumental rationality (Technocracy) and its social, physical and environmental effects. This study seeks to evaluate the influential factors of urban informality in Iran with a critical and comprehensive view of the social, economic, political, physical dimensions and avoids an uni-dimensional tunnel vision. Findings show that the government policies and the economic sector monopoly play significant roles in the reproduction of poverty and informal settings in Iran. Furthermore, managerial and technical tools will act as government tools, the output of which manifests in its physical, social, and environmental factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000334/pdfft?md5=75526cd2dcf9f46951a07723ed4b7d51&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47597266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Determinant factors for the expansion of informal settlement in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西北部贡达尔市非正规住区扩张的决定因素

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.005

Endalew Terefe Alene

{"title":"Determinant factors for the expansion of informal settlement in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Endalew Terefe Alene","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines determinant factors for the expansion of informal settlements in Gondar, a historical city in Ethiopia. In order to address this study objective, quantitative data were employed from 196 randomly selected households in four sites. The study indicated that a single factor is not determinant for the expansion of informal settlements in the city. The results of the study revealed that socio-economic, political and legislative, administrative, and demographic factors are statistically significant. These four dimensions together accounts 61.4 percent of all factors that facilitate the formation of informal settlement in Gondar city of Ethiopia. More specifically, socio-economic dimension is the first influential factor with 30.9%; political and legislative dimension is the second dominant factor with 15.7% followed by administrative dimension (10.2%); and demographic factors are contributed the least(4.6%) for the expansion of informal settlements. The study emphasized the need to implement appropriate urban planning, land and housing policy aimed at improving the efficient use of urban land. Improving the efficient use of urban land is imperative to address land prices and housing shortages, protecting farmland and ecosystems, and mainly to tackle land hoarding, urban sprawl and informal settlements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000243/pdfft?md5=031fd342fe670e5e0d1e3d119f9f107e&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000243-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47628607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A methodology for the identification of significant factors for the improvement of pedestrian facilities in an urban area 确定改善城市步行设施的重要因素的方法

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.007

V. Aromal, M.A. Naseer

{"title":"A methodology for the identification of significant factors for the improvement of pedestrian facilities in an urban area","authors":"V. Aromal, M.A. Naseer","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many developing countries, comprehensive and structured planning strategies for pedestrians compared to users of other modes are grossly absent. This poses a challenge for planning agencies and local government authorities in the proper utilization of the fund. The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive list of factors that would help in the decision-making process for the improvement of pedestrian facilities in urban areas. A preliminary list of 57 factors that influence the improvement of pedestrian facilities in the urban area was discovered through a literature survey and expert intervention. The compilation was done based on the frequency of citations in previous studies. The factors were then grouped into five major categories that characterize the pedestrian facilities such as (1) Infrastructure; (2) Location (3) Ambience/Liveability, (4) Safety and Security, and (5) Mobility. A Delphi survey was conducted among 24 selected experts. After 4 rounds of the survey, 33 factors were identified as significant for the improvement of pedestrian facilities in an urban area. The study also identified some significant factors that failed to get attention in the past. The consolidated list would serve as a guide for planners, authorities, and government officials to adopt significant factors according to their requirements, and can be used as a reference for other developing countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000267/pdfft?md5=b33e62984807ddc0301eb937a793ba68&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000267-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45095954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Decisions, plans, and cities 决策、计划和城市

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.07.002

Shih-Kung Lai

引用次数: 0

Redressing urban isolation: A multi-city case study in India 解决城市隔离:印度多城市案例研究

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.006

Sameer Ali, Abraham George

{"title":"Redressing urban isolation: A multi-city case study in India","authors":"Sameer Ali, Abraham George","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urbanization has brought in expeditious changing world trends from dispersed rural settlements to denser urban centers. Higher frequent economic activities have attracted a large in-flow of job seekers, migrant laborers, and foreign investors to urban centers, furthering the complexity. Contrary to beliefs, urban demography has not brought people together; instead, it has created a new concern, Urban Isolation. The paper tries to explain issues related to urban isolation from examples of cities experiencing it. Results from a survey to determine factors leading to urban isolation for three major cities in India, namely, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Kochi, are also presented. The study includes sensitivity analysis using ANOVA for gender, age group, and household sizes. Factor analysis resulted in two prominent factors, “<em>Sociability</em>” and “<em>Acceptability.</em>” The paper provides probable solutions to counter the adverse effects of Urban Isolation. The findings from this study may be highly demographic-centric, catering to the Indian scenario.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000255/pdfft?md5=48c3b0a7b3ae936393ccdf50f4a4d3d9&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000255-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46504440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI-based neural network models for bus passenger demand forecasting using smart card data 基于人工智能的公交乘客需求预测神经网络模型

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.002

Sohani Liyanage , Rusul Abduljabbar , Hussein Dia , Pei-Wei Tsai

{"title":"AI-based neural network models for bus passenger demand forecasting using smart card data","authors":"Sohani Liyanage , Rusul Abduljabbar , Hussein Dia , Pei-Wei Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate short-term forecasting of public transport demand is essential for the operation of on-demand public transport. Knowing where and when future demands for travel are expected allows operators to adjust timetables quickly, which helps improve service quality and reliability and attract more passengers to public transport. This study addresses this need by developing AI-based deep learning models for prediction of bus passenger demands based on actual patronage data obtained from the smart-card ticketing system in Melbourne. The models, which consider the temporal characteristics of travel demand for some of the heaviest bus routes in Melbourne, were developed using real-world data from 18 bus routes and 1,781 bus stops. LSTM and BiLSTM deep learning models were evaluated and compared with five conventional deep learning models using the same data set. A desktop comparison was also undertaken against a number of established demand forecasting models that have been reported in the literature over the past decade. The comparative evaluation results showed that BiLSTM models outperformed other models tested and was able to predict passenger demands with over 90% accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000280/pdfft?md5=915133685c1ad571ec129eaae38ae321&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000280-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48936299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Privatization and its aftermath: Are we facing a new displacement force? 私有化及其后果：我们是否面临新的流离失所力量？

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.02.002

Sharon Yavo-Ayalon

{"title":"Privatization and its aftermath: Are we facing a new displacement force?","authors":"Sharon Yavo-Ayalon","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The privatization of once publicly-funded affordable housing is the primary tool for preserving and maintaining affordable housing. This process, however, is quietly creating urban migration patterns that are altering the demographic profile of cities with cumulative change that we cannot fully estimate at this stage. There is growing need for a granular analysis at the parcel level to refocus the spotlight on this quiet displacement force. To start filling this lacuna, the article links privatization processes to gentrification and displacement. Through a case study of the privatization of Mitchell Lama buildings on Roosevelt Island, NYC, and the demographic changes it has engendered, this study points to a more significant trend of privatization of housing projects in American cities and worldwide. Its main argument is that, despite their quiet nature, which differs fundamentally from the Urban Renewal projects of the 1960s, the cumulative change they produce may be similar. On this basis, <strong>this study's main contribution is an in-depth, small-scale analysis aimed at deciphering the mechanisms, motivations, and decision-making processes of households experiencing ongoing privatization</strong>. Through a combination of ethnographic fieldwork, urban historical research, and statistical analysis, the study identifies three urban trends: 1. Privatization may lead to exclusionary displacement through increases in rent and cost of living; 2. Privatization may lead to social displacement pressures such as a sense of loss of place, loss of friends and community, and resentment among long-term residents; and 3. If the right policies are developed, privatization can present an opportunity for upward social mobility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000048/pdfft?md5=6147b64bb52a4119614bae553a77aeaa&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48768910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A study on promoting the intensive use of industrial land in China through governance: A game theoretical approach 基于博弈理论的中国工业用地治理集约利用研究

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.02.003

Jiaojiao Luo , Yuzhe Wu , Charles L. Choguill , Xiaobin Zhang

{"title":"A study on promoting the intensive use of industrial land in China through governance: A game theoretical approach","authors":"Jiaojiao Luo , Yuzhe Wu , Charles L. Choguill , Xiaobin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extensive use of industrial land has been typical for many cities in China since the end of the previous century. One of the most important reasons is the local governments’ strategy choice in land use. In this research, a governance structure from the view of the tax-sharing system and the performance appraisal system is constructed to explain the causes of extensive land use using game theory analysis. The key finding is that the governance structure in industrial land use is an organizational structure composed of the central government, local government and the market, and these three participants hold inter-conditioned relationships so as to form a closed loop. However, a bottom-up relationship chain from the market is absent in this structure, which makes it difficult to rely on local governments to implement intensive use of industrial land by themselves. Game equilibrium analysis shows that if a performance penalty coefficient is considered to refine the existing performance appraisal system to help produce a market feedback, the possibility of local governments adopting extensive land use strategies will be reduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S222658562200005X/pdfft?md5=3b4ee0fb679c225ad4a0f0c00876f1b8&pid=1-s2.0-S222658562200005X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42574669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Quantification of green-blue ratios, impervious surface area and pace of urbanisation for sustainable management of urban lake – land zones in India -a case study from Bengaluru city 印度城市湖泊陆域可持续管理的绿蓝比、不透水表面积和城市化速度的量化——以班加罗尔市为例

IF 6.1 2区社会学

Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2022.03.001

Harini Santhanam, Rudrodip Majumdar

{"title":"Quantification of green-blue ratios, impervious surface area and pace of urbanisation for sustainable management of urban lake – land zones in India -a case study from Bengaluru city","authors":"Harini Santhanam, Rudrodip Majumdar","doi":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jum.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantification of the ecosystem services of blue and green infrastructure in urban centres with the perspective of planning sustainable development is usually data-intensive, includes use of multi-platform datasets and adds to the complexities in deriving effective and reproducible metrics. The present study describes the creation of four simple metrics to estimate: 1. the ratio of ‘green’ vegetated areas to the ‘blue’ water spread areas, defined as the ‘Green-blue ratio’ (GBA); 2. The ratio of ‘blue’ water spread areas to ‘built-up’ ratio around the lakes, defined as the ‘Blue to Built-up ratio’ (BBA), 3. the percentage of impervious surface area (ISA) and 4. the pace of urbanisation in the dynamic zones (DZ) of urban lake environments. These new metrics were evaluated using landcover areas mapped from satellite imageries. Visual interpretation-based method was adopted to delineate the green, blue and built-up areas from Google Earth, which is suitable for wide range of users. The use of these metrics has been illustrated using available datasets for four representative lakes in Bengaluru city, India: Sankey tank, Ulsoor lake, Nagavarakere and Puttenahallikere. Significant spatio-temporal variations in the ratios of GBA and BBA as well as %ISA were observed and satisfactorily reflected the ecological status of these lakes in concurrence with earlier studies. Detailed analyses constrained a permissible rate of annual increase in the built-up area within the DZs to ∼ 3% for sustainable development of the lakes. The present set of metrics can be recommended as useful tools for urban planners and citizen scientists for seasonal monitoring of urban lake environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585622000188/pdfft?md5=3d0faebfd478cf7f64d0c6899af6f17f&pid=1-s2.0-S2226585622000188-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49501680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7