Zdravstveno Varstvo最新文献

{"title":"Ill-Defined Deaths in Slovenia: Implications for Mortality Data Quality and Burden of Disease Studies.","authors":"Tina Lesnik, Ivan Eržen, Lijana Zaletel Kragelj, Periklis Charalampous, Elena von der Lippe, Annelene Wengler, Brecht Devleesschauwer","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0020","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ill-defined deaths (IDDs) are deaths assigned non-specific or insufficiently informative causes that do not identify a distinct underlying disease or injury. They reduce the accuracy of mortality statistics. In Slovenia, the overall proportion, structure and distribution of IDDs have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. This study examined the most frequent IDDs and their demographic and regional patterns in Slovenia from 2010 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual-level mortality data from 2010 to 2021 were analysed. Deaths assigned ICD-10 codes denoting vague/non-specific conditions were classified as IDDs using the GBD 2019 cause list. Frequencies and distributions were examined overall and by sex, age group, and regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 243,166 deaths, 53,020 (21.8%) were IDDs. The proportion was higher in females and increased with age. Heart failure was the most frequent IDD and showed a distinctly higher share among females. Other common IDDs included unspecified stroke, unspecified lower respiratory infections, unspecified cancers, and R99-coded (Ill-defined and unknown cause of mortality) deaths. Clear variation in age groups was observed: poisoning-related IDDs were concentrated in young adults, R99 predominated in working age groups, and cardiovascular-related IDDs dominated in older adults. Regional distributions of the top categories of IDDs resembled the national one, except for unspecified cardiomyopathy, which appeared prominently in two north-eastern regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heart failure is the major contributor to IDDs in Slovenia, with demographic and regional variation. The findings highlight the need to strengthen death certification and improve the quality of mortality data to support burden-of-disease analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 3","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Unintentional Injury Mortality Among Children and Adolescents in Poland, 2010-2024: An Unfinished Lesson for Public Health in Changing Social Realities.","authors":"Rafał Halik, Mariusz Duplaga","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0018","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Unintentional injuries are a major cause of death among children and adolescents in Europe. Poland has historically reported elevated mortality levels. This study assesses national trends in injury mortality among individuals aged 1-19 years from 2010 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A national time-trend analysis was conducted using Statistics Poland death registry data. Mortality rates were calculated by age group, sex, residence, and cause of death. Trends were modelled using log-linear Poisson regression to estimate annual percent change (APC). Global Burden of Disease estimates provided international context.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6,812 deaths from unintentional injuries occurred during 2010-2024. Overall mortality decreased from 8.5 to 4.9 per 100,000 (APC -4.8%; 95% CI -5.3 to -4.3). The highest average mortality rate during 2010-2024 was observed in the 15-19 age group (15.4; 95% CI 14.9-15.8). Rural areas showed the steepest improvement (APC -6.7%), with rates declining from 11.7 in 2010 to 4.7 in 2024. The fastest age-specific decline occurred among children aged 5-9 years (APC -6.7%). Transport-related injuries contributed approximately 71% of the total decline. Drowning mortality showed the most pronounced relative decrease (APC -10.0%), while poisoning mortality increased significantly (APC +6.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mortality from unintentional injuries among children and adolescents in Poland has declined to levels comparable with the European Union; however, these improvements have been uneven across population groups. Further progress will require adapting prevention strategies to increasingly complex and evolving risk factors shaped by changing societal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 3","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis Treatment Gap - A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Kaja Gril Rogina, Luka Petravič, Christos Oikonomidis","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0022","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that increases fracture risk, particularly among older adults, and imposes a substantial global burden. Despite advances in risk assessment and treatment, a large treatment gap remains, with many high-risk individuals not receiving care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review of English-language studies published up to April 2025, identified through searches in multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Europe PMC). 43 studies were included. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs and treatment gap definitions, a narrative thematic synthesis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reported treatment gap estimates varied widely (38.8-94.6%) across countries and study populations. Lower treatment rates were associated with patient factors (male sex, lower socio-economic status, comorbidities) and healthcare system factors (limited physician awareness, institutional barriers, poor interprofessional communication). Higher treatment rates were associated with older age, family history of osteoporosis, prior diagnosis or bone mineral density testing, and participation in structured care programmes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substantial global treatment gaps in osteoporosis care persist, particularly following fragility fractures. These gaps arise from multiple patient, physician, and system-level factors, with persistent disparities by sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and socio-economic status. Findings highlight the need for standardised definitions of the treatment gap and suggest areas for future research and intervention development.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 3","pages":"184-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Organised Cancer Screening Works: Lessons from Slovenia and the Next Phase of Evidence-Based Implementation.","authors":"Mateja Krajc, Urška Ivanuš","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0016","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slovenia's experience shows that cancer screening becomes effective only when a test is embedded in an organised, population-based programme that reaches the target population equitably, assures quality across the whole pathway and uses individual- and programme-level data for improvement. Since the national roll-out of Programme ZORA for cervical cancer screening in 2003, followed by DORA for breast cancer screening in 2008 and Programme Svit for colorectal cancer screening in 2009, Slovenia has built a coherent screening infrastructure with visible population effects. Cervical and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality are decreasing, breast cancers detected through DORA are increasingly diagnosed at a localised stage, and Slovenia ranks among the strongest European performers in screening coverage and policy. This editorial argues that these achievements should be understood not as three isolated programme successes, but as the result of governance, registries, quality assurance, legal foundations, public trust and international alignment. The same principles must now guide the modernisation of existing programmes and the cautious, evidence-based introduction of lung, prostate and gastric cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 3","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forms of Violent Behavior in Patients with Mental Disorders at the University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana from 2018 to 2021 Using the OAS/BVC Scale Assessment-A Descriptive Study.","authors":"Rok Hatze, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Jožica Peterka Novak, Branko Bregar","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0021","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The high incidence of violence directed at healthcare workers is a major public health concern. The purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence of various forms of aggression at the University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana from 2018 to 2021, stratified by perpetrator gender, time of occurrence, and ward type.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected using completed standardised forms (the OAS and BVC scales) during 2018-2021. A total of 4,392 episodes of various forms of violent behaviour were detected. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were performed using IBM SPSS. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total aggression score was significantly higher in men (t = 8.471, p < 0.001). Wards differed in the forms of aggressive behaviour (p < 0.05). The total aggression score (AS score) was significantly higher during the evening shift than during the morning shift (p < 0.001) or the night shift (p = 0.037). A positive correlation was found between OAS and BVC scores (r = 0.672, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings are consistent with previous international research, confirming that violence remains a common challenge in psychiatric inpatient settings. The positive association between BVC and OAS scores supports the complementary use of both instruments for violence risk assessment and incident evaluation. In line with previous research, the results support recommendations that violence prevention should extend beyond assessment tools and staff training to include a culture of safety and organisational commitment to preventing and managing aggression.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 3","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Burden of Breast, Colorectal and Lung Cancer-Related Premature Mortality in Slovenia: Value-Added Decomposition by Occupation-Gender Groups.","authors":"Tjaša Redek, Tanja Istenič, Petra Došenović Bonča, Ivica Ratoša, Andraž Perhavec, Daša Farčnik","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0019","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This paper aims to estimate the value-added loss attributable to premature deaths from breast, colorectal and lung cancer in Slovenia using a novel methodology using linked employer-employee data, enabling value-added decomposition by occupation-gender groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis is based on population-level microdata for the 2016-2022 period matched from several sources. Premature mortality costs are estimated using occupation- and gender-specific output losses rather than assuming uniform productivity across working-age individuals. We approximate intangible capital using each firm's occupational and gender structure and estimate productivity losses due to premature mortality by specific occupation, revealing differences in the economic footprint of different cancer types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, the loss of value added from a premature death due to colorectal cancer is between €352,000 and €392,000, from lung cancer, on average, between €150,000 and €178,000 and from breast cancer, around €436,000. In total, given that Slovenia's GDP in 2024 was around €66 billion (€52 billion at constant 2015 prices), the total value-added loss associated with these three cancer types amounted to about 0.5% of Slovenia's 2024 GDP. Over the study period, premature mortality attributable to these cancers translated into an estimated cumulative (current and future) GDP loss of roughly €371 million.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results indicate that notable reductions in indirect costs could be achieved in Slovenia through efficient and effective measures to manage the burden of cancer, including cancer screening programmes, other primary prevention approaches, timely access to diagnostics and treatment, and return-to-work policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 3","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inpatient Burden, Costs, and Characteristics of Peripheral Artery Disease in Slovenia.","authors":"Tjaša Furlan, Borut Jug, Jerneja Farkaš-Lainščak, Dalibor Gavrić, Irena Ograjenšek, Petra Došenović Bonča","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0017","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We assessed inpatient burden, costs, demographics, comorbidity patterns, and outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in Slovenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients hospitalised for PAD (primary diagnosis, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, code I70.2-I70.9) in Slovenia between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2022. We estimated crude and age-standardised hospitalisation rates, hospitalisation reimbursement costs, patient characteristics (age and sex distribution, disease severity and prevalence of comorbidities), uptake of revascularisation, major amputations and in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 15,978 patients (60% men, median age 72 years, 32% chronic limb-threatening ischaemia) with 27,139 hospital episodes, yielding a mean of ~3,400 hospitalisations per year (hospitalisation rate 161 per 100,000/year). Median direct cost (inflation-adjusted to 2025) per hospital episode was €3,177, yielding total costs of €10.8 million/year. The most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension (35%), dyslipidemia (21%) and diabetes mellitus (19%), with a significantly higher prevalence in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. During the observation period, revascularisation procedures increased from 77.5% to 80.2%, while major amputations decreased from 13.2% to 7.9%, and mortality decreased from 5.0% to 3.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The inpatient burden of PAD is considerable in Slovenia. Patients hospitalised for PAD have a high burden of comorbidities, especially when presenting with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia; nonetheless, in-hospital major amputations and mortality decreased substantially over the last decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 3","pages":"138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Indicators for the Care of People with Intellectual Disability in Family Medicine in Slovenia: A Modified Delphi Study.","authors":"Ana Perdih, Davorina Petek","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0009","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with intellectual disability (ID) experience poorer health outcomes and shorter life expectancy than the general population-gaps that could be mitigated by high-quality healthcare. In Slovenia, there are no specific recommendations for this population. The aim of this study was to identify and validate quality indicators (QIs) for the care of people with ID in family medicine, to serve as recommendations for this population in Slovenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-round Delphi study was conducted with 15 national experts. An initial set of 44 indicators, derived from the literature, was presented, and panel members proposed eight additional indicators. In the first round, panel members rated the importance of each indicator. Based on feedback, the indicators were revised to separate importance from the implementation interval. In the second and third rounds, panel members rated importance and feasibility and selected the most appropriate time interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 indicators were validated. These indicators cover multiple aspects of healthcare, including lifestyle factors, lifestyle advice, clinical outcomes, ongoing care, preventive medicine, and administration. Of the original 44 indicators, 28 were confirmed (64%). Of the 8 indicators proposed by panel members, 5 were validated (62.5%). A total of 9 of the original indicators (20%) and 3 of the panel-proposed indicators (37.5%) were considered important but not feasible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This three-round Delphi study successfully developed QIs for the care of people with ID in Slovenia. These QIs can be integrated directly into existing system structures. The study provides a set of indicators that can inform the development of a clinical checklist and serve as a practical tool for evaluating both organisational and clinical aspects of quality of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 2","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Service Preparedness during a Pandemic: A Delphi Study in Slovenia.","authors":"Špela Selak, Nuša Crnkovič, Janja Horvat, Irena Makivić","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0011","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges for mental health, requiring many mental health services to reorganise. The aim of this study was to develop a set of consensus-based recommendations outlining measures and activities for the operation of mental health services during a potential pandemic in Slovenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To develop a preliminary list of measures, relevant literature, existing guidelines, and COVID-19 response practices were reviewed. These measures were then evaluated using a modified Delphi method. Eleven Slovenian mental health experts participated in 4 Delphi rounds to determine which measures should be implemented and at which stage of a potential future pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consensus was reached on 47 measures and activities. The majority were classified for implementation before or at the onset of a potential pandemic, with only a small number designated for implementation during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The identified measures and activities are discussed in relation to existing research and international frameworks. They represent consensus-based preparedness guidance for the organisation of mental health services during a pandemic or similar public health emergency and may inform the future development of national guidelines and strategic frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 2","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Safety in Family Medicine through the Eyes of People with Chronic Conditions in Slovenia.","authors":"Staša Grabar, Zalika Klemenc-Ketiš","doi":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0012","DOIUrl":"10.2478/sjph-2026-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patient safety is a key dimension of healthcare quality, although most research has focused on hospital settings. This study analysed patient-reported experiences related to safety in Slovenian family medicine using data from the OECD PaRIS survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 among 70 family medicine practices in Slovenia. Data were collected using two validated questionnaires: the PaRIS Primary Care Patient Questionnaire (PaRIS-PQ) and the Primary Care Practice Questionnaire (PaRIS-PCPQ). Items Q69-Q75 of the PaRIS-PQ were analysed to assess experiences related to the use of medicines, medication review, repetition of information, adverse events, encouragement to express concerns, and barriers to care. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression were used in data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents with chronic conditions totalled 2,133 (mean age 63.1 ± 10.9 years; 62.7% female). Polypharmacy (≥ 3 medications) occurred in 27% of respondents; only 19.7% had received a medication review in the previous 12 months. Seventeen percent reported experiencing at least one adverse event. Significant predictors of reported adverse events included repeated requests for personal medical information (p < 0.001), lack of encouragement to express concerns (p = 0.008), and transport barriers to accessing care (p = 0.024). The regression model explained a small proportion of the variance (Nagelkerke R² = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patient safety in Slovenian family medicine shows both strengths and areas requiring improvement. Communication processes, access barriers, and coordination of information appear to play an important role in perceived safety. Strengthening medication review practices and improving digital interoperability across healthcare settings may contribute to safer care in family medicine. Patient-reported measures such as PaRIS provide valuable insights for monitoring and improving patient safety in family medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":45127,"journal":{"name":"Zdravstveno Varstvo","volume":"65 2","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}