Advances in Radio Science最新文献

Mathematical optimization and machine learning to support PCB topology identification 数学优化和机器学习支持 PCB 拓扑识别

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-25-2023

Ilda Cahani, Marcus Stiemer

{"title":"Mathematical optimization and machine learning to support PCB topology identification","authors":"Ilda Cahani, Marcus Stiemer","doi":"10.5194/ars-21-25-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-25-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this paper, we study an identification problem for schematics with different concurring topologies. A framework is proposed, that is both supported by mathematical optimization and machine learning algorithms. Through the use of Python libraries, such as scikit-rf, which allows for the emulation of network analyzer measurements, and a physical microstrip line simulation on PCBs, data for training and testing the framework are provided. In addition to an individual treatment of the concurring topologies and subsequent comparison, a method is introduced to tackle the identification of the optimum topology directly via a standard optimization or machine learning setup: An encoder-decoder sequence is trained with schematics of different topologies, to generate a flattened representation of the rated graph representation of the considered schematics. Still containing the relevant topology information in encoded (i.e., flattened) form, the so obtained latent space representations of schematics can be used for standard optimization of machine learning processes. Using now the encoder to map schematics on latent variables or the decoder to reconstruct schematics from their latent space representation, various machine learning and optimization setups can be applied to treat the given identification task. The proposed framework is presented and validated for a small model problem comprising different circuit topologies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45093,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Radio Science","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Generating AI modules for decoupling capacitor placement using simulation 利用仿真生成用于去耦电容器放置的人工智能模块

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-49-2023

Nima Ghafarian Shoaee, Zouhair Nezhi, Werner John, Ralf Brüning, Jürgen Götze

引用次数: 0

Anomaly Detection with Decision Trees for AI Assisted Evaluation of Signal Integrity on PCB Transmission Lines 利用决策树进行异常检测，以人工智能辅助评估 PCB 传输线上的信号完整性

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-37-2023

Emre Ecik, Werner John, Julian Withöft, Jürgen Götze

{"title":"Anomaly Detection with Decision Trees for AI Assisted Evaluation of Signal Integrity on PCB Transmission Lines","authors":"Emre Ecik, Werner John, Julian Withöft, Jürgen Götze","doi":"10.5194/ars-21-37-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-37-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Printed circuit board (PCB) design can be supported to a high degree by adding AI modules to the design system. Predictions from these modules can be made available to the designer in order to speed up circuit design and make it more efficient. Problems regarding signal integrity (SI) can be detected in time by providing hints on component connection or routing. However, the optimization and ML methods used in this context are usually very sophisticated (e.g., Bayesian optimization). Therefore, the design parameters provided by the AI modules must be accepted without further insights (for the experienced as well as the inexperienced designer). In this paper, a decision tree for anomaly detection and SI verification is presented, which by nature of this algorithm provides insights to the decisions made to obtain the proposed design parameters. Using a point-to-point (P2P) network as an example, the prediction accuracy of the AI model is investigated. It is shown that assessing SI effects with a decision tree provides a simple approach to obtain the suggested design. Furthermore, the predictions of the decision tree can be verified against the design rules.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45093,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Radio Science","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138617686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Hybrid integrators with predictive overload estimation for analog computers and continuous-time ΔΣ modulators 为模拟计算机和连续时间 ΔΣ 调制器提供具有预测过载估计功能的混合积分器

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-89-2023

Dirk Killat, B. Ulmann, Sven Köppel

{"title":"Hybrid integrators with predictive overload estimation for analog computers and continuous-time ΔΣ modulators","authors":"Dirk Killat, B. Ulmann, Sven Köppel","doi":"10.5194/ars-21-89-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-89-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Continuous-time integrators are a central component in ΔΣ modulators, in analog computers, and general analog signal processing. If several integrators are interconnected, scaling plays an important role: In analog computers, scaling is performed with respect to the machine unit (MU). In ΔΣ modulators, scaling is performed in such a way that at maximum input signal the allowable dynamic range of no integrator is exceeded. In both cases the scaling is a compromise limiting the dynamic range. For analog computers, it was proposed early on to extend the dynamic range by hybrid integrators. Here, an analog range overflow is processed digitally and the analog integrator is reduced to its permissible operating range within the machine unit interval. While in earlier proposals for hybrid integrators only the subsequent integrator stage processes the overflow and works with reduced analog values, our hybrid integrator can process the overflow directly, with the analog reset process being continuous-time. In the case of highly dynamical input signals and transients, analog overload handling is further improved by a prediction of the overload that includes the currently applied input signal in the calculation. For example, with continuous-time ΔΣ modulators, overload of the analog integrator can be reliably avoided.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45093,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Radio Science","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Y-shaped tunable monolithic dual colour lasers for THz technology 用于太赫兹技术的 Y 形可调谐单片双色激光器

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-1-2023

Carsten Brenner, N. Surkamp, Martin R. Hofmann

引用次数: 1

Generalized Efficiency and the Uncertainty of Millimeter Wave Power Standard 通用效率与毫米波功率标准的不确定性

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-7-2023

W. K. Perangin-Angin, Karsten Kuhlmann, Jürgen Rühaak

引用次数: 0

Egbert von Lepel and the Invention of the Spark-Gap Transmitter 埃格伯特-冯-勒贝尔与火花隙发射机的发明

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-65-2023

Wolfgang Mathis

{"title":"Egbert von Lepel and the Invention of the Spark-Gap Transmitter","authors":"Wolfgang Mathis","doi":"10.5194/ars-21-65-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-65-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. On 29 October 1923, radio broadcasting or “Rundfunk” was officially opened in the Voxhaus in Berlin and thus the new communication medium was now also available in Germany, but later than in other countries such as the US and the UK. However, first experiments with wireless telephony, which is the technical basis of this medium, were carried out more than ten years earlier (Pungs, 1922; Mathis, 2019; Titze and Mathis, 2020; Mathis and Titze, 2021). One of the pioneers of this technology was the German Egbert von Lepel, who developed in 1907 a new concept of wireless transmitters that was also suitable for use in wireless telephony. The concept later became known as the quenched spark-gap transmitter (“Löschfunkensender”) or ”Singing Spark” transmitter where a specific variant was developed by the Gesellschaft für Drahtlose Telegraphie (GDT: “Wireless Telegraph Society”), System Telefunken. This article discusses the history of this type of transmitter using new historical sources from national and international archives. It turns out that contrary to what is known on this subject from almost all publications on the history of early wireless technology, the German Imperial Patent Office decided in January 1911 that Lepel's patent was granted as the most fundamental for quenched spark-gap transmitters. With the disclosure of this important historical source, the question of the origin of the invention of the quenched spark-gap transmitter must be reassessed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45093,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Radio Science","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MmWave scattering properties of roads on rough asphalt and concrete surfaces 粗糙沥青和混凝土表面道路的毫米波散射特性

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-57-2023

Vera Kurz, Manuel Fuenfer, F. Pfeiffer, Erwin M. Biebl

引用次数: 0

Long-term trends of midlatitude horizontal mesosphere/lower thermosphere winds over four decades 四十年来中纬度水平中间层/低温层风的长期趋势

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-111-2023

Christoph Jacobi, Aleš Kuchař, T. Renkwitz, J. Jaen

{"title":"Long-term trends of midlatitude horizontal mesosphere/lower thermosphere winds over four decades","authors":"Christoph Jacobi, Aleš Kuchař, T. Renkwitz, J. Jaen","doi":"10.5194/ars-21-111-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-111-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We analyse 43 years of mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) horizontal winds obtained from a joint analysis of low frequency (LF) spaced receiver lower ionospheric drift measurements from late 1978 through 2008 and VHF meteor radar wind observations since summer 2004 at Collm (51.3∘ N, 13.0∘ E). Due to limitations of the earlier LF measurements, we restrict ourselves to the analysis of monthly mean winds near 90 km, which represents the meteor peak height as well as mean LF reflection heights in the MLT. We observe mainly positive trends of the zonal prevailing wind throughout the year, while the meridional winds tend to decrease in magnitude in both summer and winter. Furthermore, there is a change in long-term trends around the late 1990s, which is most clearly visible in summer MLT winds. We compare these measurements with long-term partial reflection radar observations of winds at 81–85 km over Juliusruh (54.6∘ N, 13.4∘ E) since 1990, and find general qualitative agreement of trends except for summer. The latter can be explained by the different altitudes considered, and by the latitude dependence of the summer mesospheric jet.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45093,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Radio Science","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approximation of High Intensity Radiated Field by Direct Current Injection using matrix methods based on Characteristic Mode Analysis 利用基于特征模式分析的矩阵方法逼近直流注入高强度辐射场

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Advances in Radio Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5194/ars-21-101-2023

Jan Ückerseifer, Frank Gronwald

{"title":"Approximation of High Intensity Radiated Field by Direct Current Injection using matrix methods based on Characteristic Mode Analysis","authors":"Jan Ückerseifer, Frank Gronwald","doi":"10.5194/ars-21-101-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-21-101-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This contribution discusses the approximation of radiated by conducted immunity tests by the example of High Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) and Direct Current Injection (DCI) based on a surface current analysis. For this purpose, Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) is applied to provide basis functions for a surface current expansion in Characteristic Modes. Via a matrix-based basis transformation algorithm involving Characteristic Mode data of both HIRF and DCI test setups, suitable DCI surface currents are derived. The approximation of HIRF surface currents by the computed DCI surface currents is analyzed for exemplary DUTs over a broad frequency range. Within this frequency range, those DCI frequencies leading to an optimal approximation of the HIRF current are determined. Concerning practical issues in DCI testing, the influence of DCI adapter parameters on the surface current approximation is elucidated. The numerical results show that DCI can approximate HIRF at low frequencies largely independent from the DCI adapter setting, whereas at high frequencies an approximation is difficult to realize.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45093,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Radio Science","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138617231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1