AILA Review最新文献

{"title":"On the relationality of centers, peripheries and interactional regimes: Translanguaging in a community interpreting event","authors":"M. Baynham, J. Hanusova","doi":"10.1075/AILA.00007.BAY","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.00007.BAY","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss a multilingual interactional event that involves both interpreting and literacy work, part of a large scale study on translanguaging in superdiverse urban settings. 1 In the first part of the interaction, the center/periphery dynamic is played out in what might be called “contested translanguaging” between Standard Czech and a Slovak influenced dialect of Czech, in the second part in contested translanguaging between Standard Czech and English. The center/periphery dynamic, we argue can be understood in terms of attraction/repulsion. The translanguaging involves a struggle over both meaning and form in which some participants lose out. The second part of the interaction is a dramatic reverse in what is treated as central and dominant in the first part, suggesting a hierarchical ordering of interactional regimes. We will argue for the necessity of taking into account these hierarchically ordered interactional regimes and the linguistic ideologies associated with them in the shaping of translanguaging practices.","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"144-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/AILA.00007.BAY","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59300648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrant Rap in the Periphery: Performing Politics of Belonging.","authors":"Sirpa Leppänen, Elina Westinen","doi":"10.1075/AILA.00001.LEP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.00001.LEP","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Focusing on a YouTube performance by an emergent Finnish Somali rapper and the audience responses it has generated, this paper looks at ways in which rap music engages with the issue of belonging. Drawing on recent theorizations of belonging as a multi-dimensional, contingent and fluid process, along with sociolinguistic work on globalization and superdiversity, Finnish hip hop culture and popular cultural practices in social media, the paper investigates how belonging is performatively and multi-semiotically interrogated in its online context. It shows how rap can serve as a significant site and channel for new voices in turbulent social settings characterized by rapid social change and complex diversity, as well as provide affordances for critical responses to and interventions into xenophobic and nationalist debates and discourses of belonging.","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59300707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traces of Old and New Center-Periphery Dynamics in Language-in-Education Policy and Practice: Insights from a Linguistic Ethnographic Study in Timor-Leste.","authors":"Ildegrada da Costa Cabral, M. Martin‐Jones","doi":"10.1075/AILA.00005.DAC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.00005.DAC","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reveals how center-periphery relations have unfolded, over time, in language policy processes in one nation – Timor-Leste – on the global periphery. We take a longue duree perspective on the language policy processes at work in this historical context, showing how different regimes of language were imposed, in the past, by colonisers from distant centers – in Portugal and then in Java, Indonesia. Then, turning to the post-independence period, we show how a new order of indexicality, forged within the Resistance to the Indonesian occupation, formed the basis for current language policy in Timor-Leste, with Portuguese and Tetum as co-official languages. We also demonstrate that this agentive policy move, from the global periphery, oriented Timor-Leste to new and more complex center-periphery relations, to a ‘lusophone’ world, with Portugal and Brazil as key players. Our account of contemporary policy discourses in Timor-Leste, and of the consequences for language policy implementation, on different scales (national and local), draws on recent research of an ethnographic and multi-scalar nature conducted in Timor-Leste (Da Costa Cabral, 2015).","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"96-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/AILA.00005.DAC","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59300538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative entextualizations of discourses about race in multi-sited discursive practices in the Brazilian ‘periphery’","authors":"T. Guimarães, L. Moita‐Lopes","doi":"10.1075/AILA.00002.GUI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.00002.GUI","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on Luan’s race performances both on the web and in classroom interaction. Luan is a black young man, who identifies himself as gay. The study is part of a multi-sited ethnographic piece of research on a group of high-school students in the state sector, in the ‘periphery’ of a town on the Rio de Janeiro State north coast, Brazil. The paper is guided by performance and entextualization theorizing. The analysis draws attention to the circulation of racial identity signs, intersected with gender/sexuality meanings, bringing to light what we call creative entextualizations, i.e. the gaps Luan finds to re-organize the meanings in the discursive practices in which he is engaged. The analyses point to positionings and innovative identity performances which come up in conjunction with essentialized views, always perceptible amidst struggles and disputes. Because it draws attention to mobile lives in the ‘periphery’, this study may be said to explode the traditional boundaries between ‘center’ and ‘periphery’.","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"27-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59300825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilingualism as utopia : Fashioning non-racial selves","authors":"C. Stroud, Q. Williams","doi":"10.1075/AILA.00008.STR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.00008.STR","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The challenge of contemporary South Africa is that of building a (post)nation of postracial equity in a fragmented world of a globalized ethical, economic and ecological meltdown. In this paper, we seek to explore the idea of multilingualism as a technology in the conceptualization of alternative, competing futures. We suggest that multilingualism is understood in terms of how encounters across difference are mediated and structured linguistically offer a space for interrupting colonial relationships. Furthermore, we argue that multilingualism should be approached as a site where colonial power dynamics of languages and speakers are troubled, and where the potential for new empowering linguistic mediations of the mutualities of our common humanity with different others are worked out.","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"167-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/AILA.00008.STR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59300665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflexivity and social change in applied linguistics","authors":"M. Pérez-Milans","doi":"10.1075/AILA.29.01PER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.29.01PER","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, attempts have been made to revise foundational categories in Applied Linguistics (AL, hereafter). Following up on Brumfit’s (1995) definition of the field as the theoretical and empirical investigation of real-world problems in which language is a central issue, Lillis (2015) invites us to re-theorize the dominant approaches to the very concepts of language and communication. A similar endeavor can also be noted in Block’s call for more explicit theoretical attention to social class as a construct in applied linguistics (2014). This interest in theoretical revisiting echoes earlier statements by Sarangi and Candlin (2003) in their editorial in the inaugural issue of Journal of Applied Linguistics:","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/AILA.29.01PER","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59304938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academically elite students in Singapore: A collective moral stance toward aspirations and trajectories","authors":"Luke Lu","doi":"10.1075/AILA.29.06LU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.29.06LU","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws on a Linguistic Ethnography ( Blommaert & Rampton 2011 ) of a group of academically elite students in Singapore. The group comprises locals born in Singapore, as well as immigrants from China and Vietnam. My informants all attended a top-ranked secondary school in Singapore. I present data from interviews and a focus group discussion with them about their aspirations and educational pathways. These academically elite students describe a conventional aspiration amongst their peers involving transnational mobility and attending top-ranked universities in the US and UK. My informants discursively construct this aspiration as preferred, with a sense that they are expected to conform to such a trajectory. I argue that their consistent orientation toward the ideal trajectory and production of discourse about it denotes a collective moral stance ( Ochs & Capps 2002 ), and hence a disposition embedded in a social field ( Hanks 2005 ). In response to Archer’s (2012) theorisations that dominant modes of reflexivity have changed, my informants’ relatively stable orientations and ways of acting demonstrate how Bourdieu’s notion of habitus continues to be relevant in late-modernity. In practical terms, this study also shows a clear link between elite schools, and the aspirations and resultant trajectories of individuals. This has direct implications for policy-makers in Singapore where the Ministry of Education has been attempting to curb elitism in the education system.","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"141-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59305407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reflexive imperative among high-achieving adolescents : a Flemish case study","authors":"Inge Van Lancker","doi":"10.1075/AILA.29.05VAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.29.05VAN","url":null,"abstract":"The socio-cultural conditions of late modernity induce a “reflexive imperative” amongst young people, which also results in metapragmatic and metalinguistic behaviour, as has been demonstrated by linguistic ethnographers (LE). However, recent LE studies on reflexivity in Western European settings have mainly focused on how groups of socially low-status, geographically mobile and multilingual youth are involved in creative linguistic processes in which the disapproval of their linguistic hybridity is denounced. In this paper, based on a linguistic-ethnographic study, I will uncover the influence of the reflexive imperative on a different group: six high-achieving, white, elite, male, adolescent pupils in Flemish Belgium. Through a micro-analysis of their metacommentaries and speech practices, I describe the subtle metalinguistic and metapragmatic moves of the pupils, which demonstrate their attitude towards standard language use at school. An analysis of these boys’ linguistic reflexivity demonstrates a complex attitude towards Standard Dutch and Standard Language Ideology: at first sight, they seem to incline towards linguistic equality, resulting in a relaxation of the standard norm. However, an analysis of the more indirect metapragmatic practices of these boys reveals how they strategically use the symbolic capital of Standard Dutch, a practice which echoes the Flemish language-in-education policy and might serve to preserve (or prepare) their (future) elite position in society.","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"114-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59305305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Troping on prejudice: Stylised “bad Finnish” performances and reflexivity among adolescents in Eastern Helsinki","authors":"Heini Lehtonen","doi":"10.1075/AILA.29.02LEH","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.29.02LEH","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies reflexivity in interaction among adolescents in Helsinki in the light of stylised performances that are labelled by participants as “bad Finnish”. Stylised “bad Finnish” can be seen as an enregistered discourse register. It is an emblem in which certain linguistic features are connected to ideas about certain kinds of people and their characteristics. In particular, stylised “bad Finnish” is an indexical for social personae associated with “immigrants”, “foreigners” and non-native Finnish. The participants in this study came to Finland as children and learned Finnish as a second (or third or fourth) language, and they still have to face the excluding attitudes of the society. With their stylised performances and in their reactions to them, the participants position themselves with regard to the social personae indexed by stylised “bad Finnish” , their stereotypical characteristics and the wider societal discourses that touch upon themselves. Stylised “bad Finnish” is sometimes used for expressing distance from stereotypical immigrants, but sometimes for displaying solidarity with those who share the experiences of immigration and learning Finnish. Although it also works as a trope, seemingly detached from ethnicity, in interaction with native Finns it may still be delicate because of its pejorative social indexical potential.","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"15-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/AILA.29.02LEH","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59305008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis thinking, sensuous reflexivity, and solving real issues","authors":"J. Jaspers","doi":"10.1075/AILA.29.08JAS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/AILA.29.08JAS","url":null,"abstract":"The founding modernist move, Richard Bauman and Charles Briggs write in Voices of Modernity, their grand overview of the birth and maturation of modernity, is to “posi[t] a category of tradition, mak[e] it seem autonomous, and then creating new hybrids that contain tradition by virtue of being defined in opposition to it” (2003: 307). Rather than the summary term for an array of historical changes (the onset of capitalism, secularisation, industrialism, and so on), these authors understand modernity as a discursive construction that opposes traditional and modern developments, ways of being, and modes of understanding. Central in this narrative project have been conceptions of language. A first step involved John Locke’s imagination of language as a separate, autonomous domain of human intervention, standing apart from nature and from the social world. The second step was his argument that language needed to be purified so that its use could be trusted in these two other domains. In order to make it a tool for the accurate exchange of empirical knowledge, and less dangerously prone to misunderstanding in the political sphere, language needed to be stripped from ambivalence, intertextuality, connotation and emotion – all of them qualities an elite of urban, cosmopolitan gentlemen attributed to the speech of those they found ignorant, superstitious, lower class, indigenous, rural, in sum, premodern. And because purification required education, it was only logical to “claim[...] consciousness and rationality for oneself and one’s followers and deny[...] it to others” (Bauman & Briggs 2003: 298) – a move Fabian (1983) earlier called the “denial of coevalness”. This logic of temporalisation has been so fundamental, Bauman and Briggs hold, that it was deeply embedded too in the work of later authors like Johann Gottfried von Herder and Franz Boas, although they take up diametrically opposed positions – from Locke, and from each other – in their understanding of the local vs. global, rationality vs. emotion, deficit vs. difference, or individual autonomy vs. community custom. Bauman and Briggs argue moreover that this logic continues to impinge on contemporary visions of large-scale social change:","PeriodicalId":45044,"journal":{"name":"AILA Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"199-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59305701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}