Palabra Clave最新文献

{"title":"Connected in Print: Selecciones del Reader’s Digest, U.S. Cultural\u0000 Relations, and the Construction of a Global Middle Class, 1940-1960","authors":"Lisa A. Ubelaker Andrade","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Conectados en imprenta: Selecciones del Reader’s Digest, relaciones culturales de Estados Unidos y la construccion de una clase media global Conectados em publicacao: Selecoes do Reader’s Digest, relacoes culturais dos Estados Unidos e a construcao de uma classe media global This article traces the early history of the Reader’s Digest’s global editions, and in particular its Latin American magazine, Selecciones del Reader’s Digest, viewing this popularly consumed text as a window into transnational government and media initiatives to forge a “global middle class.” It contends that the magazine, rather than merely idealizing life in the United States, asserted that readers could use media to join an imagined community of likeminded “professionals” and “free peoples” around the world. Using documents from the U.S. National Archives, the magazine, as well as a variety of other press sources, the paper untangles the connections between the first truly-global U.S. consumer magazine and the U.S. geopolitical project. First, it describes the relationship between the launch of Reader’s Digest’s Latin American edition and the U.S. cultural campaign’s wartime initiatives; second, it examines the magazine’s content, illustrating how the notion of a global connection was depicted in its pages. Taken together, these sections illustrate how the transnational mass media not only normalized the notion of a righteous middle class but also narrated that group’s globality, seeking to implicate the reader in its scope. To reference this paper / para citar este articulo / para citar este artigo Ubelaker Andrade, L. (2019). Connected in print: Selecciones del Reader’s Digest, U.S. cultural relations, and the construction of a global middle class. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.7 Recibido: 01/03/2019 Aceptado: 08/06/2019 Publicado en linea: 02/10/2019 * This article stems from the authors dissertation research (though she wrote the article independent from the dissertation), which was financed by the Social Science Research Council, Mellon Mays Foundation, and Fulbright.","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Making of a Modern Newspaper: El Tiempo in Colombia, 1911-1940","authors":"O. Aponte","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"La creacion de un periodico moderno: El Tiempo en Colombia, 1911-1940 Criacao de um jornal moderno: El Tiempo na Colombia, 1911-1940 In this article I examine the first three decades of operation of the Colombian newspaper El Tiempo as a critical moment to understand the influential position the newspaper held in the country during a large portion of the twentieth century. In particular, I analyze the history of El Tiempo as a business, a topic usually unexplored by the history of the press and the public sphere in Colombia. In the first part, I explore the revenue and expenses of El Tiempo. I argue that facing the imported paper crisis generated by World War I, El Tiempo developed an effective commercial strategy that led the newspaper to become financially independent. In the second part, I analyze the internal organization of El Tiempo and the state of journalism as a profession in Colombia. I argue that the rationalization of tasks and the creation of a workers’ union at El Tiempo anticipated some aspects of what would characterize the professionalization of national journalism. In the third part, I explore the printing technologies and means of transportation used by El Tiempo to print and distribute newspaper issues. I argue that faster printing technologies and means of transportation enabled El Tiempo to expand its format and enlarge its circulation. In the conclusion, I suggest that the modernization of the press in Colombia led by El Tiempo had as a particularity that newspapers became modern while being the organ of a political party, in contrast to other Latin American countries where modern newspaper were independent from political parties. Para citar este articulo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo Aponte, O. (2019). The making of a modern newspaper: El Tiempo in Colombia, 1911– 1940. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.4 Recibido: 23/02/2019 Aceptado: 10/06/2019 Publicado en linea: 18/09/2019","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71158269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversaciones con Clío: un campo, muchas historias","authors":"Gilberto Eduardo Gutiérrez, Gisela Cramer","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The full expansion and consolidation of History of Communication as a field started at the onset of the 21 st  century. The fruitful relationship between history and communication provides a series of insights that problematize the reading of socio-political and cultural changes beyond the specific history of media. Latin America plays a role in this transition with its contribution from the point of view of communication culture. Some advances in the relationship map are presented through examples and different entries in this dossier. Para citar este editorial / to reference this editorial / para citar este editorial Gutierrez, E.  y  Cramer, G.  (2019). Conversaciones con Clio: un campo, muchas historias.  Palabra  Clave,  22 (4), e2241. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5294/ pacla.2019.22.4.1 Publicado  en linea : 18/09/2019","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42801093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El Estado reproduce la fantasía infantil: “Soñemos”, de Luis César Amadori, Argentina, 1951","authors":"M. Varela","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"The State Reproduces the Children’s Fantasy  Sonemos  by Luis Cesar Amadori, Argentina, 1951 O Estado reproduz a fantasia infantil:  Sonemos , de Luis Cesar Amadori, Argentina, 1951 During the early administrations of Juan Domingo Peron (1946-1952), the Press and Dissemination Secretariat made films to praise projects promoted by the Government. As part of this communication policy, Luis Cesar Amadori directed the medium-length film Sonemos (1951) that shows the facilities of Ciudad Infantil, a children’s home inaugurated by the Eva Peron Foundation in 1948. This paper intends to describe and analyze the aesthetic choices of this film, based on the hypothesis that the main features of state communication in the period are condensed in this audiovisual piece, due to the scale-down used for presenting this miniature society. From the methodological point of view, we focused on two rhetorical features, understood as a formal correlative of ideological features: miniaturization and imitation. The article concludes that scale-down made it possible to materialize an urban utopia but also showed its limits: a temporary boundary for the containment of children and a spatial one for the city whose production sources were excluded. Furthermore, imitation is outlined as an aesthetic preference of the poor represented by Peronism. It was about giving them the same luxury that the rich enjoyed and not a new lifestyle, as the avant-garde proposed. Both the autonomy of geopolitical blocs proposed by Peronism and the ability to reproduce this model in the future remain unresolved. Para citar este articulo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo Varela, M.  (2019). El Estado reproduce la fantasia infantil: “Sonemos”, de Luis Cesar Amadori, Argentina, 1951. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2249. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.9 Recibido: 21/02/2019 Aceptado: 04/06/2019 Publicado en linea: 18/09/2019","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carmen Miranda en Hollywood (1939-1945): En el centro de la pantalla, al borde de la historia","authors":"Paula Orozco Espinel","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este articulo, hago un analisis del personaje que Carmen Miranda —famosa actriz y cantante aun hoy recordada como la bombshell brasilena— interpreto entre 1939 y 1945. Me propongo explorar como su presencia en pantalla da cuenta de los deseos y miedos estadounidenses, asociados en parte a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, pero sobre todo en dialogo con imaginarios sobre raza y genero. Para ello, hago un analisis de las comedias musicales en que aparecio la actriz y me concentrare en su rol en las narrativas. Evidencio que, si bien los personajes representados por Miranda son centrales en los numeros musicales, aparecen poco en escena durante el resto de las peliculas y no llevan a cabo acciones que permitan el desarrollo de las historias. Asimismo, demuestro que Miranda no satisfizo los estandares de integracion hemisferica propuestos por la Oficina de Asuntos Interamericanos —organismo gubernamental estadounidense creado para afianzar la cooperacion interamericana durante la guerra— en tanto perpetuaba estereotipos negativos sobre America Latina. De lo anterior, sostengo que la funcion de la actriz estuvo relacionada con atraer y complacer al publico estadounidense. Ella hizo uso de su capacidad para ser comica y sexi al mismo tiempo, que, sostengo, se derivaba del lugar que ocupaba en la jerarquia racial de la epoca. Mi trabajo es novedoso en tanto da por sentado algunos aspectos sobre los que se ha llamado la atencion, tales como el vestuario y el acento de Carmen Miranda, y se concentra en la narrativa de sus peliculas, punto hasta ahora inexplorado. portuguesNeste artigo, faco uma analise da personagem que Carmen Miranda — famosa atriz e cantora ainda hoje lembrada como a bombshell brasileira — interpretou entre 1939 e 1945. Proponho explorar como sua presenca na tela grande evidencia os desejos e os medos estadunidenses, associados, em parte, a Segunda Guerra Mundial, mas, principalmente, em dialogo com imaginarios sobre raca e genero. Para isso, analiso as comedias musicais em que a atriz apareceu e concentro-me em seu papel nas narrativas. Evidencio que, embora as personagens representadas por Carmen Miranda sejam centrais nos numeros musicais, aparecem pouco em cena durante os filmes e nao realizam acoes que permitam o desenvolvimento das historias. Alem disso, demonstro que a atriz nao satisfez os padroes de integracao hemisferica propostos pelo Escritorio de Assuntos Interamericanos — organismo governamental estadunidense criado para consolidar a cooperacao interamericana durante a Guerra —, pois perpetuava estereotipos negativos sobre a America Latina. Com base nisso, defendo que a funcao da atriz esteve relacionada com atrair e agradar o publico estadunidense. Ela fez uso de sua capacidade comica e sexy que, argumento, era derivada do lugar que ocupava na hierarquia racial da epoca. Meu trabalho e novo, visto que aborda alguns aspectos sobre os quais se chama a atencao, como o figurino e o sotaque de Carmen Miranda, e concentra-se","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41861983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representaciones de Bolívar (1783-1830) en el centenario de su muerte en la Revista Cromos (1930)","authors":"Andrea Cadelo","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores some representations of Simón Bolívar, on the occasion of the centenary of his death, contained in a special issue that Cromos magazine dedicated to this commemoration on December 13, 1930. From the analysis of fifteen writings authored mostly by members of the Colombian Academy of History, the implications of heroizing Bolívar for the symbolic building of the nation and, more broadly, the American continent are discussed regarding time, space and population. Emphasizing the role that Spain and America play in the representation of the hero, it is noted how an ovation to Bolívar becomes an ode to Spain from the historical, cultural and racial point of view, while his Americanism stands out geographically and politically. It is shown that the praise for the Liberator’s epic abilities is accompanied by genealogical efforts to prove that he belonged to the European white race and to present the process of independence led by him as another phase of the civilizing mission that, since the Conquest, Spain had started in America. In short, the heroization of Bolívar entails disregard for the pre-Hispanic past and ignorance of the history prior to 1492, as well as a denigrating representation of his contemporaries. It is also concluded that, in line with the republicanism of the magazine, Cromos’s Bolívar is generally a republican Bolívar.","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47866309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Colombia de Pedro Sonderéguer desde la atalaya bonaerense de La Nación","authors":"M. Vallejo","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Pedro Sondereguer’s Colombia from the Buenos Aires Vantage Point of La Nacion A Colombia de Pedro Sondereguer a partir da atalaia bonaerense de La Nacion Pedro Sondereguer (Villanueva, Bolivar, 1884–Buenos Aires, 1964) made his “Argentine dream” come true in the prestigious newspaper La Nacion in the first half of the 20th century. From there he conceived an Americanist and Colombianist project that he failed to bring to life, but was noticeable in his journalistic work —forgotten both in his home and adoptive countries— and in multiple interviews he gave to the Colombian and foreign press. Why did Sondereguer not return to Colombia when the Liberal Republic was established and his name was mentioned for high positions in Enrique Olaya Herrera’s administration, if he had all the credentials to practice politics and journalism? It is the question underpinning this article inspired by F. Dosse’s theory of the event with its enigmas and constant reinterpretations of the biography of an intellectual. After outlining the editorial line of La Nacion, founded by Bartolome Miter in 1870, the writer and journalist’s career is reconstructed from scarce biographical notes and testimonies of his peers and relatives. Finally, his political ideas are construed, specifically his statesman projects that sought to boost economic development in Colombia, and his actions are analyzed in the context of the time to attempt to answer the question posed. In reviving this author, a contribution is made not only to the history of Colombian and Argentine journalism, but also to Colombian political history at the dawn of the so-called Liberal Republic marked by the war with Peru and the outbreaks of partisan violence. Para citar este articulo / to reference this article / para citar este artigo Vallejo, M.  (2019). La Colombia de Pedro Sondereguer desde la atalaya bonaerense de La Nacion. Palabra Clave, 22(4), e2245. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4.5 Recibido: 04/03/2019 Aceptado: 26/07/2019 Publicado en linea: 27/08/2019","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47063824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historia(s) de la Comunicación","authors":"","doi":"10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2019.22.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46289200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nueva época de oro para el cine mexicano: una mirada local en el horizonte mundial del mercado cinematográfico","authors":"Lucila Hinojosa Córdova","doi":"10.5294/PACLA.2019.22.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/PACLA.2019.22.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo tiene como propósito destacar la recuperación que ha tenido el cine mexicano del tercer milenio, en el contexto de las condiciones de producción, exhibición y asistencia a las salas de cine comercial que en el periodo de 2010 a 2017 han prevalecido en el país, luego de recuperarse de una etapa de gran crisis que en la década de los noventa casi lo hizo desaparecer. El estudio forma parte de una línea de investigación que se ha venido realizando sobre la economía política del cine mexicano mediante la aplicación de una metodología mixta, en que se combinan la investigación documental, el análisis de contenido, la encuesta y la entrevista. Los resultados que aquí se muestran señalan que a partir de 2000 la industria cinematográfica mexicana empezó a recuperar sus indicadores de producción, asistencia y recaudación en taquilla; no obstante, esta recuperación no se ve en la exhibición de películas nacionales en las salas de cine comercial, que está condicionada por una legislación inequitativa para el sector que se modificó para integrarse a las demandas del capitalismo global. Los resultados también se comparan con los indicadores de otros países iberoamericanos y se complementan con datos empíricos obtenidos de estudios locales sobre los públicos que asisten a las salas de cine comercial de una importante ciudad del noreste de México. Con este estudio, se busca aportar conocimiento al campo de las industrias culturales en América Latina.","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44937308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrategias discursivas en la publicidad audiovisual de productos de bajo valor nutricional dirigidos al público infantil: felices, valientes y obesos","authors":"Monika Jimenez-Morales, Mireia Montaña, M. Vázquez","doi":"10.5294/PACLA.2019.22.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5294/PACLA.2019.22.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Los niños españoles ven una media de 9000 campañas publicitarias en televisión al año. La mayoría de ellas corresponden a alimentos de bajo valor nutricional. Dados los índices de obesidad infantil, la estrecha relación entre la publicidad dirigida a ese colectivo y el consumo de este tipo de alimentos, España aprobó en 2005 el Código de Autorregulación de la Publicidad de Alimentos Dirigida a Menores (PAOS). Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias discursivas utilizadas en las campañas de alimentos de bajo valor nutricional, poniéndolas en relación con el contenido del Código PAOS. Utiliza para ello una metodología mixta que integra técnicas cuantitativas para el análisis de audiencias y cualitativas para el estudio del discurso publicitario. La investigación concluye que, a diferencia de otro tipo de alimentos, la publicidad de productos de bajo valor nutricional centra su estrategia discursiva en palabras y campos semánticos vinculados a la felicidad, la acción y la diversión, entre otros. Las conclusiones apuntan asimismo a la necesidad de revisar el contenido del Código PAOS, de una mayor implicación por parte de la industria alimentaria española, de agencias y de anunciantes, con el objetivo de que la autorregulación de los contenidos publicitarios resulte realmente efectiva. La contribución original del artículo radica en la aportación teórica y empírica que toma como punto de partida la obesidad infantil en España y la interrelaciona con las estrategias discursivas de la publicidad de productos de bajo valor nutricional dirigida a los menores y el marco normativo existente.","PeriodicalId":45002,"journal":{"name":"Palabra Clave","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49363682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}