Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献_第9页

Assessing GPT-4o and GPT-4 in answering and explaining ophthalmology examination questions from Taiwan's medical licensing test. 评估gpt - 40和GPT-4在回答和解释台湾医师执照考试眼科考题中的作用。

IF 1.2

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00164

Chen-Wei Lin, Chau-Yin Chen, Pei-Lun Wu, Ching-Lung Chen, Chien-Hsiung Lai

{"title":"Assessing GPT-4o and GPT-4 in answering and explaining ophthalmology examination questions from Taiwan's medical licensing test.","authors":"Chen-Wei Lin, Chau-Yin Chen, Pei-Lun Wu, Ching-Lung Chen, Chien-Hsiung Lai","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00164","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00164","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of generative pretrained transformer (GPT)-4o and GPT-4 in answering Taiwan's National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) ophthalmology questions from 2014 to 2023, focusing on both answer accuracy and explanation quality.Materials and methods: A total of 169 ophthalmology questions from Taiwan's NMLE over the past decade were selected. GPT-4o and GPT-4 were tested on each question, and their performance was measured by correct answers and explanations. The results were categorized by ophthalmologic subspecialty and analyzed using statistical methods to determine significant differences between the two models.Results: GPT-4o achieved a significantly higher overall correct answer rate (92.9%) compared to GPT-4 (69.2%) across all ophthalmology questions from 2014 to 2023 (P < 0.01). GPT-4o outperformed GPT-4 in most subspecialties, including retina (95.8% vs. 58.3%, P < 0.01), external disease and cornea (96.3% vs. 77.8%, P = 0.04), and neuro-ophthalmology (87.5% vs. 50%, P = 0.02). GPT-4o and GPT-4 performed similarly in glaucoma and uveitis, with no significant differences observed. In terms of explanation quality, GPT-4o provided accurate explanations for 90.7% of the questions, with the highest accuracy in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (100%) and the lowest in uveitis (83.3%).Conclusion: GPT-4o exhibited superior performance in both answering and explaining ophthalmology questions from Taiwan's NMLE compared to GPT-4. These results suggest that GPT-4o may be a more reliable tool for educational and diagnostic purposes in ophthalmology.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"647-654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis. 眼弓形虫病免疫正常病例点状视网膜外弓形虫病的临床特征、影像学特征和预后。

IF 1

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00011

Anup Kelgaonkar, Vishal Jadhav, Anamika Patel, Soumyava Basu, Avinash Pathengay

{"title":"Clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis lesions in immunocompetent cases of ocular toxoplasmosis.","authors":"Anup Kelgaonkar, Vishal Jadhav, Anamika Patel, Soumyava Basu, Avinash Pathengay","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00011","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study clinical characteristics, imaging features, and fate of punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis (PORT).Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational, descriptive analysis of PORT lesions presenting as satellite lesions of typical full-thickness necrotizing Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (TRC) or isolated lesions in immunocompetent cases.Results: We analyzed 34 eyes of 34 cases (22 males and 12 females). PORT lesions appeared as deep, dull, yellowish-gray outer retinal lesions, either as satellite lesions to a TRC (n = 30) or isolated macular punctate lesions (n = 4). The mean lesion size was 562 μm (50-1000). The recurrence rate was high (23.52%), manifesting as either typical TRC (n = 4) or new satellite PORT lesions (n = 4). Active lesions had hyperreflective outer retinal foci on optical coherence tomography (OCT), hyperautofluorescent in the active phase, and stippled upon resolution. Healed lesions exhibited outer nuclear layer thinning and outer retinal atrophy on OCT and were hypoautofluorescent.Conclusion: PORT lesions were observed as multiple punctate lesions, either adjacent to TRC in active or healed phases or as isolated macular punctate toxoplasmosis. Autofluorescence, angiography, and OCT assist in differentiating active from healed lesions. The fate of PORT lesions was healing with granularity, fading, or complete resolution. Some cases recurred with new satellite PORT lesions, whereas others progressed to typical retinochoroiditis or CNVM.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 2","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infectious uveitis: From obvious to obscure. 感染性葡萄膜炎：由明显到不明显。

IF 1.4

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00061

Soumyava Basu

引用次数: 0

Presbyopia intraocular lens in aberrated corneas. 畸变角膜内的老花眼人工晶状体。

IF 1.2

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-18 eCollection Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00033

Christopher Tay, Jodhbir S Mehta

{"title":"Presbyopia intraocular lens in aberrated corneas.","authors":"Christopher Tay, Jodhbir S Mehta","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00033","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00033","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly, patients desire spectacle independence postcataract surgery, for which multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is widely performed. However, multifocal IOLs have certain drawbacks: fixed focal change, increased photic phenomena, and unsuitability for use in aberrated eyes. Monovision is an option, but can only achieve fixed focal points as well. An alternative IOL that bridges the gap between providing an extended depth of focus (DOF) and decreasing induced aberrations is the IC-8 Apthera IOL, which utilizes small aperture technology to provide a continuous DOF with good near, intermediate and distance vision in eyes with up to 1.50D of preoperative astigmatism. Importantly, the IC-8 IOL has shown potential for use in aberrated eyes, demonstrating increased visual acuity at all distances, good contrast sensitivity, minimal photic phenomena, and high levels of spectacle independence in patients with corneal irregularities and higher order aberrations, especially postrefractive surgery. The IC-8 IOL has also been able to achieve good centration and positional stability, which is key for good visual outcomes and spectacle independence after surgery. This paper aims to bring together relevant literature to review the outcomes of IC-8 IOL.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 4","pages":"559-571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12782530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiological spectrum of infectious uveitis in the Asia-Pacific. 亚太地区传染性葡萄膜炎的流行病学谱。

IF 1

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00052

Alexander Newman, Peter McCluskey

{"title":"Epidemiological spectrum of infectious uveitis in the Asia-Pacific.","authors":"Alexander Newman, Peter McCluskey","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00052","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00052","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious uveitis remains a major cause of global visual morbidity, with significant geographic variability in its epidemiological patterns and clinical presentations. The Asia-Pacific region presents a unique model to study infectious uveitis, due to socioeconomic, environmental, and healthcare diversity within its populations. This narrative review explores the spectrum of infectious uveitides prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region, emphasizing diseases with high endemicity, emerging threats, and those posing notable diagnostic or therapeutic challenges. The review also highlights the critical importance of considering an infectious etiology in the differential diagnosis of uveitis, especially within, or travelers from endemic areas. The associated hosts, transmission vectors, and epidemiology of infectious uveitis, when combined with both the systemic and ocular phenotype can rationalize subsequent investigations and empiric therapy. Highly prevalent causes of infectious uveitis with typical ophthalmic manifestations are diagnosed utilizing consensus diagnostic criteria. However, regionally endemic and emerging diseases frequently present with overlapping clinical features, and their recognition requires the integration of epidemiologic insight with targeted diagnostics. Rare and novel uveitides are also addressed. Molecular diagnostics have transformed pathogen detection but remain inaccessible in many low-resource settings which may contribute to under-reporting. There has been increasing global and regional epidemiological surveillance of infection and seropositivity in both humans and reservoir hosts in the contemporary literature. However, interventional studies for the management of ophthalmic disease remain limited. This review underscores the evolving epidemiology of infectious uveitis in the Asia-Pacific and provides a comprehensive reference to inform clinical suspicion, directed diagnostic investigation, and public health planning.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 2","pages":"157-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current concepts in the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis: A narrative review. 当前眼结核诊断的概念：一个叙述性的回顾。

IF 1

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00115

Vinaya Kumar Konana, Kalpana Babu

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive insights into cytomegalovirus anterior segment infections: A narrative review. 巨细胞病毒前段感染的综合研究综述

IF 1

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00032

Yih-Shiou Hwang, Po-Yi Wu, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Wei-Chi Wu, Linda Yi-Hsing Chen, Chi-Chun Lai, Kyung Seek Choi

{"title":"Comprehensive insights into cytomegalovirus anterior segment infections: A narrative review.","authors":"Yih-Shiou Hwang, Po-Yi Wu, Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Wei-Chi Wu, Linda Yi-Hsing Chen, Chi-Chun Lai, Kyung Seek Choi","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00032","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00032","url":null,"abstract":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis (AU), a significant cause of intraocular inflammation, is increasingly recognized in immunocompetent individuals, often leading to visual morbidity if not promptly addressed. The diagnosis of CMV AU is challenging, owing to its variable clinical manifestations, which can overlap with other forms of AU. CMV AU should be suspected in corticosteroid-recalcitrant inflammatory ocular hypertensive syndrome or corneal endotheliitis with coin-shaped keratic precipitates (KPs). CMV AU differs from herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus AU with milder symptoms, less ciliary injection, smaller KPs, higher intraocular pressure (IOP), and diffuse iris atrophy. Aqueous humor analysis, specifically polymerase chain reaction (PCR), is the gold standard for diagnosis, detecting viral DNA, and quantifying disease severity. While highly effective, PCR can yield false negatives with low viral loads. Clinical judgment remains crucial, alongside PCR results. Early diagnosis and targeted antiviral treatment are key to preserving visual function and preventing complications, such as glaucoma and keratopathy. CMV AU treatment aims to control inflammation, reduce viral activity, and prevent complications. Antiviral therapy is crucial, with topical ganciclovir (GCV) gel often first line. Oral valganciclovir is used for systemic treatment, especially in severe cases. Intravitreal GCV may be used in severe cases, often followed by systemic therapy, but its role remains suspicious. Corticosteroids should only be used with antiviral therapy. Topical corticosteroids manage inflammation and are tapered over time. IOP management is also essential, potentially requiring surgery. Treatment duration varies, and long-term maintenance may be necessary. More research is needed to standardize treatment protocols and further understand the pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of CMV anterior uveitis.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 2","pages":"212-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intraocular pressure changes after posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in a sample of Iraqi patients with noninfectious uveitis. 伊拉克非感染性葡萄膜炎患者后路静脉注射曲安奈德后眼压的变化。

IF 1.4

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-09 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00153

Mohammed Suhail Najm Al-Salam, Zainab Nadom Hamoodi Al-Khafaji, Ahmed Shakir Ali Al-Wassiti, Luay Salim Rasheed, Mohammed Tareq Mutar

{"title":"Intraocular pressure changes after posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in a sample of Iraqi patients with noninfectious uveitis.","authors":"Mohammed Suhail Najm Al-Salam, Zainab Nadom Hamoodi Al-Khafaji, Ahmed Shakir Ali Al-Wassiti, Luay Salim Rasheed, Mohammed Tareq Mutar","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00153","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00153","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Given the wide variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) response after posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) injection among different ethnicities, this study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of raised IOP following injection with posterior STTA in a sample of Iraqi patients with noninfectious uveitis and evaluate the main predictors of increased IOP.Materials and methods: This was a prospective clinical study conducted at the Ibn Al-Haitham Eye Teaching Hospital Uveitis Clinic between October 2, 2022, and April 1, 2024. The study included patients with noninfectious uveitis requiring treatment with posterior STTA injection. The included patients had a baseline IOP measurement before receiving 40 mg of triamcinolone acetonide. IOP measurements were then taken at 1 week and 1 month after the injection using a Keeler applanation tonometer. All measurements were performed by the same experienced ophthalmologist using the same device.Results: A total of 60 patients with noninfectious uveitis who received posterior STTA injections were included in the study, consisting of 29 females and 31 males. The mean age in this study was 30.52, with a standard deviation (STD) 17.19. Thirty-one patients (51.7%) had significant IOP elevation over 1 month (more than 21 mmHg). Younger age was found to be significantly related to higher elevation in IOP over time (P < .000). There was a significant change in the IOP over the period.Conclusion: There was a significant increase in IOP over the period from 1 week to 1 month. The change in IOP during this time was significantly related to age.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"480-485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical features and outcomes of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments in Acute Retinal Necrosis. 急性视网膜坏死中孔源性视网膜脱离的临床特点及预后。

IF 1

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00012

Shabtab Nasir, Samreen Mehfooz, Soumyava Basu, Rajeev R Pappuru, Mudit Tyagi

{"title":"Clinical features and outcomes of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments in Acute Retinal Necrosis.","authors":"Shabtab Nasir, Samreen Mehfooz, Soumyava Basu, Rajeev R Pappuru, Mudit Tyagi","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00012","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-25-00012","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) are the most common and sight-threatening complication of acute retinal necrosis (ARN). This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and factors influencing RRD outcomes in ARN patients.Materials and methods: A retrospective review of ARN and ARN-related RRD cases diagnosed between 2014 and 2023 at a tertiary eye institute in South India was conducted. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, quadrant involvement, visual acuity, treatment modalities, outcomes, and RRD recurrence patterns were analyzed.Results: Among 322 ARN patients, RRD was observed in 111 eyes (27.32%) of 88 patients, with a mean age of 38 years and a male predominance (63%). HIV positivity was noted in 11.38%. Despite prophylactic photocoagulation in 17 eyes, RRD developed in 15 eyes within 2 months to 2 years. Silicone oil tamponade was used during primary surgical intervention, with 1000 cc in 77 eyes and 5000 cc in 34 eyes. RRD recurrence occurred in 42.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between RRD recurrence and factors such as RRD at presentation or extensive retinitis involvement (over 50% of quadrants affected). Among the patients with recurrent RRD, roughly half (50%, n = 18) had involvement of over 50% retinal quadrants by ARN, and over half (71.42%, n = 35) presented with RD initially.Conclusion: This study underscores the high prevalence of RRD in ARN. Retinal detachment at initial presentation and retinitis involving more than two quadrants were significant risk factors for RRD recurrence. Prophylactic laser photocoagulation did not prevent RRD occurrence.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"15 2","pages":"277-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of preoperative tomographic and biomechanical corneal assessment for refractive surgery. 屈光手术术前角膜层析和生物力学评估综述。

IF 1.4

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 eCollection Date: 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00147

Elizabeth Wen Ling Lim, Li Lim

{"title":"Review of preoperative tomographic and biomechanical corneal assessment for refractive surgery.","authors":"Elizabeth Wen Ling Lim, Li Lim","doi":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00147","DOIUrl":"10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-24-00147","url":null,"abstract":"Screening prior to laser refractive surgery is important to detect abnormal preoperative topography, which is a significant risk factor for developing postoperative iatrogenic corneal ectasia. Pentacam Scheimpflug corneal tomography is effective in screening for ectasia, especially with the Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD). However, Pentacam tomography only images corneal shape and it does not evaluate the dynamic biomechanical properties of the cornea. Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) provides information on dynamic corneal biomechanical properties and supplements the data provided by Pentacam tomography. The Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) uses a combination of biomechanical parameters obtained from Corvis ST to screen for ectasia. Both Pentacam tomography and Corvis ST data are combined to give the Tomographical Biomechanical Index (TBI) which uses machine learning to provide a more accurate screening for early ectasia or keratoconus. The recommended cutoff value for CBI to differentiate normal versus keratoconic eyes is 0.5, with higher values indicating keratoconus. Out of the three indicators - BAD final D, CBI and TBI, TBI had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosing ectasia, with high sensitivity and specificity. Corvis ST is a useful tool which complements Pentacam tomographic results to enhance the diagnosis of clinical keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus, and forme fruste keratoconus. This is especially useful to determine the suitability for refractive surgery in patients.","PeriodicalId":44978,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 3","pages":"406-416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0