Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The effects of self-compassion in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ratanaporn Jerawatana, Benjamin Weinstein, Chorthip N Phattanasri, Sunee Saetung, Taninee Sahakitrungruang, Porntip Tachanivate, Nampeth Saibuathong, Amornrat Hathaidechadusadee, Chollada Deeampai, Jandanee Sakmanarit, Sira Korpaisarn, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Sirimon Reutrakul","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448224.112","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448224.112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetes distress is common in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Kindness to oneself may have positive effects on diabetes distress and glycemic control, but existing data supporting this theory are limited. This study examined the effects of a self-compassion intervention, remotely delivered, in adolescents and young adults with T1D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four participants, aged 18-30 years, were randomized to receive and complete a self-compassion intervention (n=16) or placed in a waitlist control group (n=17). The self-compassion group participated in 6 (12 hours over 12 weeks) virtual group meetings. After 12 weeks, the control group was offered the same intervention program. Then, diabetes distress (primary outcome), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), diabetes self-efficacy, self-compassion, depressive symptoms, stress, and self-reported sleep quality (secondary outcomes) were collected at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean±standard deviation age was 23.6±3.6 years, and 22 participants (64.7%) were female. At 12 weeks, there was no significant difference in diabetes distress between the 2 groups (P=0.876). However, the intervention group experienced a significant reduction in HbA1c compared to the control group (mean difference [MD], -0.51%; 95% confidence interval [CI], [-0.97 to -0.04]; P=0.035). Other secondary outcomes did not differ between the groups. At 24 weeks, compared to 12 weeks, the intervention group maintained their HbA1c reduction (7.33% [1.00] vs. 7.49% [0.95]; MD, 0.16; 95% CI, [-0.04 to 0.36]; P=0.118), while the waitlist control group showed an HbA1c reduction after receiving the intervention (8.34% [1.96] vs. 7.76% [1.46]; MD, -0.58%; 95% CI, [-0.95 to -0.20]; P=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A brief, online self-compassion intervention resulted in significantly improved glycemic control, although it did not reduce diabetes distress, in adolescents and young adults with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"190-200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to commentary on &quot;Predictive factors of permanent versus transient congenital hypothyroidism: a pragmatic cohort study&quot.","authors":"Niki Dermitzaki, Vasileios Giapros, Marianna Deligeorgopoulou, Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou, Eleni Kotanidou, Maria Baltogianni, Foteini Balomenou, Anastasios Serbis","doi":"10.6065/apem.2550266.133","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2550266.133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 4","pages":"225-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related insulin resistance changes in children and adolescents and its impact on the accuracy of diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Insung Kim, Kyu-Na Lee, Juyoung Sung, Yoon Ji Ahn, Minji Im, Kyungdo Han, Sung Yoon Cho","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448180.090","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448180.090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although insulin resistance (IR) varies with age and puberty in children and adolescents, most previous attempts to determine cutoff values for IR indices overlook factor. This study assesses age-related differences in IR index values and evaluates how diagnostic performance varies by age when using a uniform cutoff for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS) without considering age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed age-related differences in IR indices (the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], triglyceride-glucose [TyG] index, and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [TG/HDL-C] ratio) among 1,641 participants in the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We also examined IR index values for diagnosing MetS in 1,574 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IR indices showed significant age-related variations in group-comparison tests, with a peak at ages 12-13 years in males and 11-13 years in females (P&lt;0.001 for the HOMA-IR, P&lt;0.005 for the TG/HDL-C ratio in both males and females, and P=0.003 for the TyG index in females). Applying a uniform cutoff derived from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for diagnosing MetS showed substantial age-related variation in diagnostic accuracy, with standard deviation-to-mean ratios of age-specific accuracy of &gt;10% for the HOMA-IR and &gt;5% for the TyG index, while showing minor variation (&lt;5%) for the TG/HDL-C ratio. Using age-specific percentiles for the HOMA-IR (80th of the general population) and TyG index (80th of those without MetS) reduced these variations to &lt;5% while maintaining similar diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of age-related variation in IR in children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 4","pages":"213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of glucagon-like-peptide 1 in the brain beyond metabolic effects.","authors":"Kyu Sik Kim, Joon Seok Park, Hyung Jin Choi","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448320.160","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448320.160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ever since its discovery, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and drugs with similar function (collectively GLP-1s) have been used for type 2 diabetes mellitus and have been effective for obesity. Their profound effect on weight loss has resulted in widespread use of these medicines for treating obesity. Extensive studies have shown that GLP-1s decrease body weight, lean mass, and other metabolic phenotypes. These studies were supported by the mechanism of signaling pathways of GLP-1s in cells and their metabolic effects. Recently, studies have focused on the effect of GLP-1s on the brain, showing that they affect food cognition, depression, drug addiction, and even neurodegenerative diseases. Although recent studies have investigated the impact of GLP-1s on the brain, our understanding of these effects is limited. This review describes how GLP-1s have become the most effective drugs in obesity, such as their known signaling pathway in cells and their pharmaceutical processing over the years. This review covers recent discoveries of the GLP-1 mechanisms in the brain, including their prominent effects on obesity, and discusses discoveries that imply their potential usage in brain disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 4","pages":"165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and racial/ethnic disparities in children presenting for short stature evaluation: in-depth analysis at a single center.","authors":"Vickie Wu, Julie Samuels, Terri H Lipman, Claire Dunphy, Gabrielle Paciencia, Cynthia Katz, Robert Rapaport","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448210.105","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448210.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess disparities in children referred for short stature evaluation and to evaluate the effectiveness of physician interventions on referral rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective chart review was conducted on children referred to a pediatric endocrinology center for short stature evaluation between 1/1/2022 and 12/31/2023. Interventions for participating physicians included an educational lecture and electronic medical record alert. Six-month pre- and postintervention referral rates for short stature from a general pediatrics practice were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 747 children (68% males) with a predominance of non-Hispanic White (NHW) children (64%). Females presented at a younger age (P&lt;0.001), lower height (P&lt;0.001), and a greater height deficit (P=0.002) than males. Hispanic children presented with greater height deficits than NHW and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) children (all P&lt;0.05). In those with heights &lt;-2 standard deviations (SDs) (n=192) from the mean, there were no significant sex differences; however, Hispanic children continued to have greater height deficit than NHW and NHB children (all P&lt;0.02). There was no sex difference in those who underwent growth hormone stimulation testing (GHST); however, NHW children comprised the largest racial group. After implementing the interventions in the general pediatrics practice, short stature referral rates improved (15 of 118 referrals [13%] to 25 of 81 referrals [31%], P=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disparities in overall short stature referrals were less evident in the subset of children with heights &lt;-2 SD from mean. There was no significant sex bias in GHST, but racial/ethnic disparities remained. Improvement in referring and evaluating females and children from minority groups is still crucial as they remain under referred.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"201-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on &quot;Treatment of overweight and obese girls experiencing central precocious puberty: a comparison of the effectiveness of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate&quot.","authors":"Shin-Hye Kim","doi":"10.6065/apem.2524104edi04","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2524104edi04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 4","pages":"163-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone mass, muscle-bone unit, and bone turnover markers in healthy preadolescent Malaysian children.","authors":"Kanimolli Arasu, Winnie Chee Siew Swee, Connie M Weaver","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448232.116","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448232.116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Normative values of bone mass, bone turnover markers (BTMs) and muscle-bone unit (MBU) among healthy Asian children are needed to enable accurate skeletal assessment. This cross-sectional study characterizes the bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), BTMs and MBU of 243 Malaysian preadolescent children aged 9-11 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The total body BMD (TBBMD), total body BMC (TBBMC), lumbar spine BMD, lumbar spine BMC, and body composition were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Total and regional MBU were calculated by dividing BMC by lean body mass. Serum BTMs (c-terminal telopeptide 1, procollagen type 1 N propeptide, bone alkaline phosphate, osteocalcin) and serum intact parathyroid hormone were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the Asian reference population, 97.5% of participants had TBBMD z-scores above -1 standard deviation (SD), 2.5% were at risk for low TBBMD for age (-1.9 to -1.0 SD) and no one had low TBBMD for age (&lt;-2.0 SD). Participants had lower TBBMD values compared to children of the same age according to published data of Asian children despite having higher body weights. There were sex-specific differences in the BTMs and regional MBU of study participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a population-based dataset on bone mass, BTMs, and MBU of healthy preadolescent Malaysian children, which enables accurate skeletal assessment in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of overweight and obese girls experiencing central precocious puberty: a comparison of the effectiveness of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate.","authors":"Thanaporn Thaneetrakool, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Krittamate Chatdamrongsakool, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Vichit Supornsilchai, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, Khomsak Srilanchakon","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448208.104","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448208.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are the standard treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP). These agonists include leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate, but research data for the relative effectiveness of these 2 treatments in overweight and obese girls experiencing CPP are lacking. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of these 2 therapeutics, leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate, in the treatment of overweight and obese girls affected by CPP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 69 overweight and obese girls with CPP in this retrospective cohort study and classified these participants according to their baseline body mass index (BMI) status, BMI≥1 standard deviation scoer. Leuprolide acetate was administered to 48 of the participants, and the other 21 were treated with triptorelin pamoate. The anthropometric measurements were compared at the beginning and conclusion of the therapy, and luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression levels were assessed 6 months following the completion of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate substantially suppressed LH when administered to overweight and obese girls with CPP. The predicted adult height (PAH) at the conclusion of treatment was comparable between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no significant difference in the level of LH suppression and PAH between the 2 groups, overweight and obese girls with CPP treated with leuprolide acetate and those treated with triptorelin pamoate.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 4","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12415282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A guide to evade hallucinations and maintain reliability when using large language models for medical research: a narrative review.","authors":"Sangzin Ahn","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448278.139","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448278.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly prevalent in medical research; however, fundamental limitations in their architecture create inherent reliability challenges, particularly in specialized medical contexts. These limitations stem from autoregressive prediction mechanisms and computational constraints related to undecidability, hindering perfect accuracy. Current mitigation strategies include advanced prompting techniques such as Chain-of-Thought reasoning and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks, although these approaches are insufficient to eliminate the core reliability issues. Meta-analyses of human-artificial intelligence collaboration experiments revealed that, although LLMs can augment individual human capabilities, they are most effective in specific contexts allowing human verification. Successful integration of LLMs in medical research requires careful tool selection aligned with task requirements and appropriate verification mechanisms. Evolution of the field indicates a balanced approach combining technological innovation with established expertise, emphasizing human oversight particularly in complex biological systems. This review highlights the importance of understanding the technical limitations of LLMs while maximizing their potential through thoughtful application and rigorous verification processes, ensuring high standards of scientific integrity in medical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 3","pages":"115-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting variables associated with diagnostic reevaluation of transient congenital hypothyroidism.","authors":"Si-Hwa Gwag, Kyu Hyun Park, Eungu Kang, Hyo-Kyoung Nam, Young-Jun Rhie, Kee-Hyoung Lee","doi":"10.6065/apem.2448164.082","DOIUrl":"10.6065/apem.2448164.082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Current guidelines recommend immediate treatment after diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism and reassessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis at 3 years of age. As the known incidence of transient congenital hypothyroidism (TCH) has increased, experts have suggested the possibility of early drug discontinuation. Distinguishing TCH from permanent congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) is important to avoid prolonged treatment. We aimed to investigate the factors associated with TCH and to identify markers that indicate patients suitable for early treatment discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 167 children with congenital hypothyroidism. Subjects attempting to discontinue levothyroxine before 2 years of age were defined as the \"early-off group.\" Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with TCH and to determine factors predicting early drug discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totals of 96 (57%) and 71 children (43%) were classified as having TCH and PCH, respectively. In the Cox multivariate analysis, gestational age (GA) and low levothyroxine dose at 24 months of age were statistically associated with TCH. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, an optimal cutoff dose for levothyroxine of 3.03 µg/kg/day at 18 months of age can predict early treatment discontinuation (P<0.001; sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 72.9%; area under the curve, 0.778).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that lower GA and lower levothyroxine doses during treatment were highly suggestive of TCH. Those requiring lower levothyroxine levels at 18 months of age could be candidates to cease medication prior to 3 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":44915,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"30 3","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}