Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie最新文献_第7页

Emotional bonds: Bridging the gap between evolutionary and humanistic accounts of religious belief 情感纽带:弥合宗教信仰的进化论和人文主义解释之间的差距

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0084672420909436

L. Turner

{"title":"Emotional bonds: Bridging the gap between evolutionary and humanistic accounts of religious belief","authors":"L. Turner","doi":"10.1177/0084672420909436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672420909436","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen a growing willingness in the evolutionary cognitive science of religion (ECSR) to embrace an inclusive, theoretically pluralistic approach and the emergence of a broad consensus around some key themes that collectively constitute a central theoretical core of the field. Nevertheless, ECSR still raises serious problems for some in the humanities. In exploring the reasons for the perception of conflict between humanistic and cognitive evolutionary approaches to religion, I suggest that both ECSR’s default account of the origins of religion and religion’s role in social bonding rely upon notions of culturally unmediated universal cognitive mechanisms that preclude alternative humanistic explanations. I subsequently suggest that the gap between humanistic approaches and the evolutionary study of religion more broadly conceived may be narrowed by further expanding ECSR to include recent research into the brain opioid theory of social attachment (BOTSA), which emphasises the emotional rather than cognitive basis of religion’s social bonding functions. Finally, I outline a possible evolutionary account of the earliest forms of religious ideas and practices, which decouples the origins of religion from the evolution of specialised cognitive machinery and which humanists are likely to find more amenable than mainstream ECSR.","PeriodicalId":44899,"journal":{"name":"Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88960922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dunbar’s Number goes to Church: The Social Brain Hypothesis as a third strand in the study of church growth 邓巴的数字去了教堂:社会大脑假说作为教会发展研究的第三条线索

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0084672420906215

R. Bretherton, Robin I. M. Dunbar

{"title":"Dunbar’s Number goes to Church: The Social Brain Hypothesis as a third strand in the study of church growth","authors":"R. Bretherton, Robin I. M. Dunbar","doi":"10.1177/0084672420906215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672420906215","url":null,"abstract":"The study of church growth has historically been divided into two strands of research: the Church Growth Movement and the Social Science approach. This article argues that Dunbar’s Social Brain Hypothesis represents a legitimate and fruitful third strand in the study of church growth, sharing features of both previous strands but identical with neither. We argue that five predictions derived from the Social Brain Hypothesis are accurately borne out in the empirical and practical church growth literature: that larger congregations lead to lower active engagement from members; that single-leader congregations are limited to around 150 members; that congregations of 150 are further stratified into smaller functioning groups; that congregations expanding beyond 150 members undergo internal tensions and are forced to reorganise; and that congregations larger than 150 will require structural sub-divisions to retain active member involvement. While these assertions are reflected in the church growth literature and articulate the common sense assumptions of church growth experts, the Social Brain Hypothesis offers a coherent theoretical framework which unifies these observations and thereby represents a distinctive contribution to church growth studies.","PeriodicalId":44899,"journal":{"name":"Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77373778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The evolution of religious cognition 宗教认知的演变

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0084672420909479

F. Watts

引用次数: 5

Four advantages of a systemic approach to the study of religion 采用系统方法研究宗教的四个优点

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2020-02-29 DOI: 10.1177/0084672420905019

R. Sosis

引用次数: 15

Transcendence, religion and social bonding 超越，宗教和社会联系

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2020-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/0084672420905018

S. Dein

引用次数: 9

How ritual might create religion: A neuropsychological exploration 仪式如何创造宗教:神经心理学探索

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2020-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/0084672420903112

J. Jones

{"title":"How ritual might create religion: A neuropsychological exploration","authors":"J. Jones","doi":"10.1177/0084672420903112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672420903112","url":null,"abstract":"Several models of the evolution of religion claim that ritual creates “religion” and gives it a positive evolutionary role. Robert Bellah suggests that the evolutionary roots of ritual lay in the play of animals. For Homo sapiens, Bellah argues, rituals generate a world of experience different from the world of everyday life, and that different world of experience is the foundation of later religious developments. Robin Dunbar points to trance dancing as the original religious behavior. Trance dancing both alters ordinary consciousness and generates trance experiences that will give rise to religious concepts and also, through the production of endorphins, bonds people into tight-knit social groups whose social bonding gives them a survival advantage. The role of ritual in social bonding has been well established through the research on the production of endorphins by synchronized activity and the role of endorphins in social bonding. The role of ritual in generating religious experience has been much less developed. Drawing on the extensive research on the ways in which bodily activity can impact and transform our sensory and cognitive processes, and the ways in which sensory and cognitive processes are neurologically connected with somatic processes, this article will propose one neuropsychological model of how ritual activity might give rise to religion. Starting from bodily activity means that here religion will be understood more as a set of practices and less as a set of beliefs. Theological implications of this model will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":44899,"journal":{"name":"Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81979659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Intergroup tolerance leads to subjective morality, which in turn is associated with (but does not lead to) reduced religiosity 群体间的宽容导致主观道德，而主观道德又与宗教信仰的减少有关(但不会导致)

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/0084672419883349

Onurcan Yilmaz, H. G. Bahçekapılı, M. Harma, Barış Sevi

{"title":"Intergroup tolerance leads to subjective morality, which in turn is associated with (but does not lead to) reduced religiosity","authors":"Onurcan Yilmaz, H. G. Bahçekapılı, M. Harma, Barış Sevi","doi":"10.1177/0084672419883349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672419883349","url":null,"abstract":"Although the effect of religious belief on morally relevant behavior is well demonstrated, the reverse influence is less known. In this research, we examined the influence of morality on religious belief. In the first study, we used two samples from Turkey and the United States, and specifically tested the hypothesis that intergroup tolerance predicts a shift in meta-ethical views toward subjective morality, which in turn predicts decreased religious belief. To examine the relationship between intergroup tolerance and religiosity via subjective morality, a structural equation model (SEM) was run. SEM results yielded good fit to the data for both samples. Intergroup tolerance positively predicted subjective morality, and in turn, morality negatively predicted religiosity. The bias-corrected bootstrap analysis confirmed the mediation, indicating that the association between intergroup tolerance and religious belief was mediated via subjective morality. In Study 2, we probed for the causal relationship, and the results showed that manipulating intergroup tolerance increases subjective morality, but does not influence religiosity. Therefore, we found only partial evidence for our proposed model that tolerance causally influences subjective morality, but not religiosity.","PeriodicalId":44899,"journal":{"name":"Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83708777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Religion, the social brain and the mystical stance 宗教，社会大脑和神秘主义立场

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/0084672419900547

Robin I. M. Dunbar

{"title":"Religion, the social brain and the mystical stance","authors":"Robin I. M. Dunbar","doi":"10.1177/0084672419900547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672419900547","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the implications of the social brain and the endorphin-based bonding mechanism that underpins it for the evolution of religion. I argue that religion evolved as one of the behavioural mechanisms designed to facilitate community bonding when humans first evolved the larger social groups of ~150 that now characterise our species. This is not a matter of facilitating cooperation, but of engineering social cohesion – a very different problem. Analysis of the size of C19th utopian communities suggests that a religious basis both allowed larger groups to form and greatly enhanced their longevity. I suggest that religion evolved in two stages: an early immersive form with no formal structure based on trance-dancing (a form still evident in the rituals and practices of many hunter-gatherers) and a later form which had more formal structures and gave rise to our modern doctrinal religions. I argue that the modern doctrinal religions did not replace ancestral immersive religions but rather that the doctrinal component was overlaid on the ancient immersive form, thereby giving rise to the mystical stance that underlies all world religions. I suggest that it is this mystical stance that causes the constant upwelling of cults and sects within world religions.","PeriodicalId":44899,"journal":{"name":"Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74586233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Remarks from the editor and introduction to the special section of keynote addresses from the 2019 IAPR Conference 编辑的评论和2019年IAPR会议主题演讲特别部分的介绍

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2019-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/0084672419895329

K. Ladd

引用次数: 0

The evolutionary paths to collective rituals: An interdisciplinary perspective on the origins and functions of the basic social act 集体仪式的进化路径:基本社会行为的起源和功能的跨学科视角

IF 1.3 3区哲学

Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/0084672419894682

M. Lang

{"title":"The evolutionary paths to collective rituals: An interdisciplinary perspective on the origins and functions of the basic social act","authors":"M. Lang","doi":"10.1177/0084672419894682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672419894682","url":null,"abstract":"The present article is an elaborated and upgraded version of the Early Career Award talk that I delivered at the IAPR 2019 conference in Gdańsk, Poland. In line with the conference’s thematic focus on new trends and neglected themes in psychology of religion, I argue that psychology of religion should strive for firmer integration with evolutionary theory and its associated methodological toolkit. Employing evolutionary theory enables to systematize findings from individual psychological studies within a broader framework that could resolve lingering empirical contradictions by providing an ultimate rationale for which results should be expected. The benefits of evolutionary analysis are illustrated through the study of collective rituals and, specifically, their purported function in stabilizing risky collective action. By comparing the socio-ecological pressures faced by chimpanzees, contemporary hunter-gatherers, and early Homo, I outline the selective pressures that may have led to the evolution of collective rituals in the hominin lineage, and, based on these selective pressures, I make predictions regarding the different functions and their underlying mechanisms that collective rituals should possess. While examining these functions, I echo the Early Career Award and focus mostly on my past work and the work of my collaborators, showing that collective rituals may stabilize risky collective action by increasing social bonding, affording to assort cooperative individuals, and providing a platform for reliable communication of commitment to group norms. The article closes with a discussion of the role that belief in superhuman agents plays in stabilizing and enhancing the effects of collective rituals on trust-based cooperation.","PeriodicalId":44899,"journal":{"name":"Archive for the Psychology of Religion-Archiv Fur Religionspsychologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89667044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13