The Kenya Veterinarian最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Albizia anthelmintica and Maerua edulis against the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus infections in mice.","authors":"D. Gakuya, P. Mbithi, J. Mugambi, T. Maitho, N. Musimba","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V28I1.39581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V28I1.39581","url":null,"abstract":"Antihelmintic activity of the water extract of Albizia antihelmintica bark and Maerua edulis root was evaluated in mice that had been experimentally infected with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. The mice were randomly allocated into six treatment groups and one control group. Group 1, 2 and 3 were given an oral dose of water extracts of A. antihelmintica at 5 gm/kg, 10gm/kg and 20 gm/kg bodyweight respectively in a divided dose on day 17 post-infection. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were given water extracts of M. edulis at a dosage of 5 gm/kg, 10 gm/kg and 20 gm/kg bodyweight respectively in a divided dose. Group 7 was the control and was concurrently given a double oral dose of 0.2 ml of physiological saline each. Mortality of some mice was observed in four groups after treatment. Five days after treatment, feacal worm egg count reduction was determined. The results showed a percentage feacal H. polygyrus egg count reduction of 72 %, 69%, and 42% in groups 2, 6, 3, and 1 respectively. Seven days after treatment, there was a reduction in worm counts at postmortem of 68%, 36%, 20%, 19%, 16%, and 14% in groups 1, 5,2,3,6, and 4. respectively compared to untreated controls. These results indicate that the plant extracts had antihelmintic activity and support the use of these plants as antihelmintics. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 28 2005: pp. 24-28","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129067764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education Innovation in Veterinary Training: E-learning Options in Southern Africa","authors":"H. Els, E. Mostert","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39570","url":null,"abstract":"Changing needs in education call for innovative ideas in veterinary education. The University of Pretoria has adopted a policy of flexible learning that makes provision for flexible learning opportunities as well as flexible delivery systems. The preferred mode(s) of instruction to be used by a lecturer will be determined by the content of a specific subject as well as the target student population. E-learning components such as web-based training and multimedia could be incorporated with the traditional modes of instruction. The implementation of e-learning has changed the roles and responsibilities of the lecturer as well as the student. The development of e-learning material is a dynamic process and guidelines applicable to the procedures as well as the compilation of a project team, will be discussed. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 103-105","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128227225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Role Played by Various Livestock Intermediate Hosts in the Transmission of Hydatidosis in Kenya","authors":"P. Ndirangu, F. M. Njeruh, P. Gathura, M. Kyule","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39565","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to determine the potential role played by cattle, sheep, goats and pigs in the transmission of hydatidosis in Kenya. The fertility and viability status of the hydatid cysts collected from these livestock intermediate hosts, at slaughter, were used in this evaluation. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Nairobi's Dagoretti slaughterhouse and Ndumbu-ini, pig abattoir during routine post-mortem meat inspection. All hydatid cysts detected in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs were collected for laboratory analysis to determined by microscopic examination of harvested hydatid cysts fluid for the presence of protoscolices using the 0.1% Eosin Exclusion Test. Out of the 300carcasses of sheep, goats, and pigs examined, 7%, 8% and 5% harbored the cysts, respectively. Hydatid cysts from goats showed the highest fertility (87.5%), followed by those from cattle (81.4%), pigs (80%) and sheep (57.4%). Hydatid cysts from sheep showed the highest viability (100%), followed by those from goats with 85.7%, cattle with 68.6% and pigs 50%. Sheep and goats are the animals most commonly slaughtered for parties and other festivities where meat inspection is hardly carried out. Due to this as well as the high rates of fertility and viability showed by their cysts, sheep and goats may play a greatest role since all of the fertile hydatid cysts from this species were viable. These results indicate that in any hydatid disease control programme, sheep, goats, should be the livestock species included, if satisfactory control Hydatidosis is to be achieved in Kenya. This is because, only fertile and viable hydatid cysts are capable of transmitting hydatidosis to definitive hosts. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 77-82","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128557179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ante mortem Studies on Natural Caprine Besnoitiosis","authors":"J. Njenga, O. Bwangamoi, R. E. Mutiga, E. Kang’ethe, G. Mugera","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39554","url":null,"abstract":"Examination of 30 goats from Buchuma in Coast Province of Kenya, naturally infected with Besnoitia caprae, revealed that the acute disease was characterized with marked fever, dullness, anorexia, and oedema of the skin (anarsaca). In addition bucks had swollen painful testis. The chronic disease was characterized with alopecia, hyperkeratosis mainly of the face, carpus, hock and brisket. Eighty three percent of the goats in poor body condition had 100 or more cysts per eye. Those in fair and good body condition easily succumbed to pneumonia. This indicates that the number of cysts in the eye of chronically infected goats could be used as prognostic tool. Rhicephalus eversti and Amblyomma variegetum ticks were observed in all goats with besnoitiosis making them possible vectors of transmission. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 22-23","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131397347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privatizing community animal health worker based veterinary services delivery system in West Kordofan, Southern Sudan; The needed roles of community animal health assistant (CAHA) and Pastoral unions","authors":"M. S. Munyua, D. Hogland, C. Stem","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39561","url":null,"abstract":"Historically the Government of Sudan (GoS) has provided nationwide veterinary services free of charge. In 11993 however, the southern Sudan, where the west Kordofan is situated, was hit by deteriorating security situation, which compounded by budgetary constraint, poor infrastructure and recurrent drought rendered the state unable to provide even the basic veterinary services. For the livestock owners in the south, the near total collapse of the veterinary service delivery system was exacerbated by the adoption of policies aimed at liberalizing and privatizing the delivery of inputs and services in face of a non-performing economy and lack of disposal income. The transhuman pastoralism practice has kept to a very regular pattern between north and south. During the dry season (December to May) the herders move southwards while with the onset of the rainy season (June to November), which coincides with the influx of biting flies and diseases, they migrate northwards. This pattern of movement renders fixed point delivery of veterinary services currently being offered by the GoS and some private practitioners totally ineffective. In addition the migration pattern and the inaccessibility of the routes used during the migration makes it expensive and physically difficult to sustain a motorized delivery system. In response to the UNICEF/OLS, CARE, UNDIP-UNSO/ARS, SKADP and El Bir introduced the community based animal health worker (CAWH) programmes in 1992. Initially veterinary inputs and services were subsidized but emphasis is now shifting to full cost recovery. The services provided by the CAWHs were paid for from the money received through a cost recovery system. This arrangement, however involves both development agencies and the GoS and all thus not viewed as being sustainable in the long run the present study undertaken to review the current CAHW structure and provide a realistic plan that outlines the details necessary for providing a middle management level structure of animal health care providers to evaluate, monitor and support the CAHWs in the field. This paper describes the proposed services delivery and administrative structure envisaged as being the most cost effective, practical and sustainable for the area. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 52-60","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114263229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prudent Use of Veterinary Drugs: Impact on Safe Animal Products for Increased Productivity","authors":"E. Mitema","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39548","url":null,"abstract":"Like any other therapeutic compounds, veterinary drugs are used to alleviate diseases in animals as either therapeutic or prophylactic compounds for specific disease entities. They can also be used as production aids in food producing animals to increase market sale of these animals whereby the producers save on the cost of production. The use of these drugs is also employed in companion animals specifically for disease control. In either case, whether used in food producing animals or in companion animals, fundamental considerations in proper usage should be emphasized. Prudent use of veterinary drugs is important for a number of reasons: ensuring safety to the animal patient and human safety considerations must be taken into account when products like edible tissues, milk and eggs from treated animals are consumed. In this meeting the fundamental objectives for prudent or judicious use of veterinary pharmacotherapeutic armaments are outline. The current concerns by international bodies with respect to their residues in food and other potential undesirable effects are also outlined. As members of the veterinary profession and those directly involved in the training of the professionals, efforts must be in place to implement these guidelines. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 1-2","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124584785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Albenzazole, Levamisole, Rafoxanide and Ivermectin Against Naturally Acquired Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats","authors":"W. Munyua, R. Waruiru, J. Ngotho","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39550","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the efficacy of 4 antihelmintics was carried out using a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in 105 goats on breeding farm at Ol'Magogo, Naivasha, Kenya. The goats were randomly assigned to 7 groups; received 5.0 mg kg body weight albendazole (ABZ), 15 mg kg levamisole (LEV) 15 mg kg rafoxanide (RAD) orally as 2 doses 24 hours apart and 0.2mg kg Ivermectin (ivm) once orally. Other groups received albendazole and levamisole (ABZ + RAF) at the same doses and schedules as before. Faecal egg counts were measured at treatment (day 0), at 10 and 14 days afterwards. Decreasing efficacies, s measured by 3 different formulae were recorded at day 14 for IVM, ABZ and ABZ +LEV (>96%), LEV ( The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 5-9","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121975973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Economic Importance of Fascioliasis in Cattle, Sheep and Goats in Kenya","authors":"F. M. Njeruh, J. Kithuka, N. Maingi, J. Ombui","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39574","url":null,"abstract":"A 10 year (1990-1999) retrospective study using post mortem records was carried out at Veterinary Department Headquarters Kabete to determine the prevalence and economic importance of fasciolosis in cattle, goats and sheep in Kenya. Records from abattoirs in 38 districts in 7 provinces of Kenya were examined. Fasciolosis prevalence was calculated. Using an average weight of (3kg) cattle and (0.5) sheep and goats and market price of approximately US $ 2.0 per Kg, the monetary loss occasioned by condemnation of Fasciola infected livers was calculated. Out of 5,421,188 cattle, 1,700,281 sheep and 2,062,828 goats slaughtered, 427,931 cattle (8%), 61,955 sheep (3.6%) and 48,889 goats (2.4%) were infected with Fasciola. The highest prevalence was recorded in western province (16% for cattle, 10% for sheep and 9% for goats). The lowest was in coast province (3.5%cattle, 0.74% sheep and 0.5%). The economic loss due to condemnation of infected liver from cattle, sheep, and goats was US$ 2.6million, US$ 61,995 and US$48,889 respectively. Fasciolosis is prevalent in cattle, sheep and goats in Kenya and a major cause of economic losses, as a result of condemnation of infected livers. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 118-123","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123145371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chicken Urinary System: Developmental Anatomy and Disease Conditions","authors":"H. Mbugua","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V14I1.39466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V14I1.39466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115382262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, Clinical and Pathological findings of Oedema Disease of Swine in Kenya","authors":"C. Mulei, T. Ngatia, J. Wabacha","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V22I1.39524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V22I1.39524","url":null,"abstract":"The main epidemiological findings that were associated with oedema disease of swine were recent weaning (8-14 days), mixing of piglets from different litters, change of feed and ad libitum feeding with concentrates after weaning and high fatality rate (70%-100%) even with treatment. The consistent clinical history was sudden death of healthy piglets after weaning. The clinical manifestation was combination of the following; anorexia, staggering gait, oedema of the eyelids, dropping edematous ears, hoarse sound, tremors, paralysis and recumbency. Marked dyspnea and bluish red discoloration in some cases. The main microscopic findings were subcutaneous oedema of the head, submucosa of the stomach wall, mesentery of the spiral colon and the brain and the meninges characterized by cloudy appearance, lung congestion, edema, consolidation and collapse and excessive fluid in the serous cavities. In animals that had died suddenly there were no gross lesions at necropsy. Microscopically the main lesions in all the animals were edema in the predilection sites, interstitial pneumonia of varying degrees of severity and non-suppurative ventricular encephalitis. The histopathological lesions in the lung and the brain tissues were suggestive of a viral involvement in addition to normal E. coli toxemia. Consequently it was concluded that the etiopathogenesis of these cases of oedema disease of swine could have also involved a virus in addition to the normal E.coli toxaemia. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 22 2001: pp. 79-81","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114441747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}