The Kenya Veterinarian最新文献_第5页

Maasai Enthnoveterinary Medicine: An Avenue of Bioprospecting for Anthelmintics 马赛民族兽药:驱虫药的生物勘探途径

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39549

J. O. Ole-Miaroni, I. Mapenay

引用次数: 2

Herd-Level Modeling and Steady-State Livestock Productivity: Approaches, Applications and Prospects 畜群水平建模和稳态牲畜生产力:方法、应用和前景

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39557

J. Wakhungu, J. Baptist

引用次数: 0

The Ability of Phenylbutazone and Dexamethazone to Modulate Postoperative Phenomena in Cattle 苯丁酮和地塞米松调节牛术后现象的能力

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V28I1.39582

P. Mbithi, S. Mitema

引用次数: 0

An Assessment of the Presence of Escherichia coli in the roof-collected rainwater from some areas around Nairobi. 内罗毕周围一些地区屋顶收集的雨水中大肠杆菌存在的评估。

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39569

M. Mbaka, P. Gathura, F. M. Njeruh, J. Mbaria, P. Kitala, H. K. Kaburia, J. N. Gitahi, J. Macharia, J. Kamau

引用次数: 1

Can Waste Paper be used as a Feed Supplement for Ruminant Livestock 废纸可以作为反刍家畜的饲料补充吗

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39558

M. O. Ondongo, J. Brooker

{"title":"Can Waste Paper be used as a Feed Supplement for Ruminant Livestock","authors":"M. O. Ondongo, J. Brooker","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39558","url":null,"abstract":"The cellulolytic enzyme e system of Clostridium chartatabidum , an isolate from sheep rumen was characterized in terms of range of cellulolytic enzymes produced, mechanism of expression and cellular distribution of cellulase activity. One of cellulolytic enzymes, endo-b-1, 4-glucanase (endoglucanase) was used as a model enzyme for the cellulose system of this organism, and was characterized in much more details than others. The range and level of production of the various celulolytic enzymes was determined both qualitatively and quantitatively using standard methods in cultures of this organisms grown on glucose, cellulobiose, cellulose and xylan as sole source of energy for growth. This study has shown that Clostridium chartatabium has both cellulose and xylanase activities. The following cellulolytic enzymes were demonstrated in this organism: filter paper (cellulose) hydrolyzing activity, endoglucanase and b-glucosidase activities. This organism was able to completely digest both cellulose and xylan (hemicellulose) in vitro within 7days. Filter paper (cellulose) hydrolyzing activity was mainly cell associated. Cells of this organism usually adhered to cellulose particles within the first 30 minutes of inoculation and remained attached until the substrate was completely digested. Cellulose grown cultures had the highest total cellulose and endoglucanase activities, whereas glucose grown culture had the lowest enzyme activities. In contrast cellobiose grown culture had the highest a–glucosidase activity. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 36-44","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"327 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Stereological Methods and Tools for Simple Quantification of Biological Structure: A short Review 目前用于生物结构简单定量的立体学方法和工具:简要综述

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/kenvet.v27i1.39573

A. Makanya, C. Warui, L. Karlsson

{"title":"Current Stereological Methods and Tools for Simple Quantification of Biological Structure: A short Review","authors":"A. Makanya, C. Warui, L. Karlsson","doi":"10.4314/kenvet.v27i1.39573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/kenvet.v27i1.39573","url":null,"abstract":"A statement like “the cells were more numerous” conveys little meaning unless numbers are attached to the observations. Fortunately, a set of general methods, known as stereology, may be used to quantify tissue structural changes due to growth, development or disease. Parameters like volume, surface area, length or number, of target structure are estimated using sampling probe has random position and whenever appropriate, random orientation, recent design-based stereology enjoys the advantage of being unbiased that is without systematic error. The structure under study doesn't have to be random: the required element of randomness is provided by the design sampling protocol. Stereology has, however rarely been used in the developing world. The purpose of this presentation is to give a brief review of recent stereological methods for unbiased quantification of biological structures. A prerequisite step undertaken is procurement of the required number of specimens or blocks that are convenient for the investigation. In particular stereological methods give definite and precise descriptions of the changes in biological tissue. Contemporary researchers in the developing world are encouraged to employ stereological techniques in their research. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 113-117","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130043441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense : separation of chromosomes of PCR product specific to medium-size chromosome 刚果锥虫(纳米单胞菌):中等大小染色体特异性PCR产物的染色体分离

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39568

P. Apopa, P. Majiwa, P. Kinyanjui

{"title":"Trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense : separation of chromosomes of PCR product specific to medium-size chromosome","authors":"P. Apopa, P. Majiwa, P. Kinyanjui","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39568","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis was used to separate chromosomes of parasitic protozoan Trypanosome congolense clone IL1180. Total trypanosome DNA was isolated and resolved into 18 chromosomes by pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis. The chromosomes fall into four main size categories: the minichromosomes of about 50-150 kb: the medium-size chromosomes 200-750kb; the large chromosomes>1mb and chromosomes that are –specifically trapped in the wells. Four distinct medium –sized chromosomes with sizes 340kb, 360kb, 400kb and 500kb, were identified and designated chromosomes 1-4 respectively. DNA bands from each of the four medium-size chromosomes were excised from the gel, purified and randomly amplified with 23 random oligonucleotide primers (RAPD analysis). The RAPD product, which was unique to each of the four medium –sized chromosomes, were identified and cloned in T-vector plasmid. One RAPD product of approximate size 1.5Kb, which was amplified by oligonucleotide primer, ILO867 was identified as unique to medium –sized chromosome2. This RAPD product referred to as RAPD2/867/1.5 hereinafter only hybridized to medium sized chromosomes2. This cloned fragment can therefore be used as a specific DNA marker for medium –size chromosome 2 of T. congolense . The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 91-96","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127520912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oedema (exudative diathesis) in ostriches in Kenya. 肯尼亚鸵鸟的水肿(渗出性素质)。

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V28I1.39578

T. Ngatia, P. Kanyari, P. M. Mathiu, P. K. Gathumbi, K. K. Srivastava, S. Wilson, A. Oyejide

引用次数: 2

The Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of Degenerative Joint Disease 退行性关节疾病的病理生理学和临床治疗

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V28I1.39583

J. Mande, P. Mbithi, S. Mbugua, I. Buoro, P. K. Gathumbi

{"title":"The Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of Degenerative Joint Disease","authors":"J. Mande, P. Mbithi, S. Mbugua, I. Buoro, P. K. Gathumbi","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V28I1.39583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V28I1.39583","url":null,"abstract":"Degenerative joint disease is a common and important disease that affects humans as well as domestic animals, especially dogs and cats. The etiological factors for the disease in humans and animals are similar. The disease is characterized by progressive deterioration of the joint, thinning of hyaline cartilage, joint effusion and periarticular osteophyte formation. Trauma, sepsis, prolonged immobilization, immune-mediated disease, congenital malarticulation (e.g. hip dysplasia or developmental diseases (e.g. osteochondrosis), may incite the development of degenerative joint disease. The insults stimulate the release of degenerative enzymes from chondrocytes and these destroy the articular cartilage matrix. Two distinct functional processes in injured chondrocytes are responsible for the positive feed-back cascade that ultimately results in joint destruction. The catabolic process is induced by proinflammatory stimuli and causes secretion of protease inhibitors and cell replication. In the recent past, a lot of basic and clinical research on degenerative joint disease has been conducted. Deeper understanding of the pathophysiology has resulted in the development of new treatment modalities for the disease. Practicing clinicians need to keep abreast with new knowledge and biomedical technology in order to manage their patients in the best way possible. This paper collates the current knowledge of the pathophysiology and clinical management of degenerative joint disease with special reference to the canine patient. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 28 2005: pp. 33-36","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115348833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing for Antibodies to Brucella abortus in Milk From Consumers and Market Agents in Kenya Using Milk Ring Test and Enzyme Immunoassay 用乳环试验和酶免疫分析法检测肯尼亚消费者和市场代理商牛奶中的流产布鲁氏菌抗体

The Kenya Veterinarian Pub Date : 2007-10-29 DOI: 10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39553

E. Kang’ethe, S. Arimi, A. Omore, J. McDermott, J. Nduhiu, J. Macharia, A. Githua

{"title":"Testing for Antibodies to Brucella abortus in Milk From Consumers and Market Agents in Kenya Using Milk Ring Test and Enzyme Immunoassay","authors":"E. Kang’ethe, S. Arimi, A. Omore, J. McDermott, J. Nduhiu, J. Macharia, A. Githua","doi":"10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/KENVET.V27I1.39553","url":null,"abstract":"Over 85% of all milk sales on Kenya pass through informal channels. The extent of the risk posed by the sale of this raw milk to human health in respect to brucellosis is unknown. This paper presents the results of a study on the occurrence of antibodies to Brucella abortus in milk from households consuming raw unpasteurized milk and market agent selling the same. Four hundred thirty four (434) raw milk samples from consumer households and 508 from informal market agents were collected between January 1999 and January 2000 from Nakuru /Narok and Nairobi/Kiambu. Milk agents sampled included co-operative societies, milk collecting centers and self-help groups, milk bars, shops and kiosks and mobile traders on foot, bicycle or motorized transport. In addition, 147 samples from the formal market chain (pasteurized) were collected. All the samples from the samples were screened for antibodies to Brucella abortus using ELISA and Milk Ring Test (MRT), except for the formal milk that was tested using ELISA only. Five percent of the consumer household samples and 4% of the samples form informal milk market agents tested positive on ELISA. There was poor agreement between the two antibody surrogate tests (Kappa =0.40, 95% confidence interval =0.19-0.60). ELISA detected 3.2% more samples from consumer households and 0.4% from informal market agents than MRT. Of the formal market samples, 16.4% were positive. Ways of reducing the risk of contracting brucellosis from drinking raw milk are proposed. The Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 27 2004: pp. 18-21","PeriodicalId":448931,"journal":{"name":"The Kenya Veterinarian","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130002935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8