Journal of Audiology and Otology最新文献

{"title":"Standardizing Stimulus Parameters for Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation.","authors":"Faith Whitebread, Choongheon Lee","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00514","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) delivers band-limited subsensory electrical noise at the mastoids to amplify vestibular signaling via stochastic resonance. This review synthesizes human studies involving healthy participants and proposes a practical stimulation protocol and reporting checklist to promote standardization of nGVS in vestibular research and clinical translation. Evidence supports the use of a bilateral bipolar mastoid montage; 1.75-10 cm2 electrodes; zero-mean Gaussian white noise with a 0-30 Hz passband (or 0-640 Hz when replicating prior work or testing cortical or perceptual hypotheses); participant-titrated subsensory intensities (typically 100-400 μA, with fixed protocols often 400-1,000 μA); and task-matched stimulation epochs of 10-30 seconds. Reports should specify the electrode polarity, passband and filter details, amplitude reference (peak, peak-to-peak, or root-mean-square), threshold procedures, and total stimulation dose. Under these conditions, nGVS has been shown to improve vestibulospinal outcomes (reduced postural sway and better gait stability), modulate vestibulo-ocular physiology, and lower vestibular motion detection thresholds. The effects scale with task difficulty and baseline vestibular function; tolerability was favorable at the subsensory level. Priorities for future research include head-to-head tests of montage and frequency, individualized dose-response and after-effect mapping, stratification by baseline vestibular status, and mechanistic biomarkers tied to behavior. Standardized parameters and reporting will enable robust meta-analyses and faster clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"30 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degree, Pattern, and Risk Factors of Hearing Loss Among Adults of Eastern India.","authors":"Srilatha Kavarthapu, Asuri Raagini, Babban Jee, Deepali Singh, Ahammad Basha Shaik, Bhimraj Balkrishna Ramteke","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00290","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Hearing loss (HL) is a significant global public health concern with an increasing burden falling on India because of factors such as aging, noise exposure, and such comorbidities as hypertension and diabetes. Despite these known risks, comprehensive data are lacking on the causes and patterns of HL in East Singhbhum, Jharkhand, especially in industrial settings. This study aims to address this gap by examining the contributing factors to HL among the local population. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 295 adult patients of both sexes, aged 20-80 years, diagnosed with HL. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed to assess the pattern and degree of HL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 295 cases, most were females (52.54%); however, male participants, especially factory workers (p=0.005), had a higher prevalence of HL (p=0.038). Moreover, younger age (all p<0.05), alcohol use (p=0.003), alcohol and smoking (p<0.001), noise exposure with smoking (p=0.004), hypertension (p= 0.037), diabetes with hypertension (p=0.045), other comorbidities (p=0.018), and unilateral HL (p=0.002) appeared as significant risk factors for HL, as did various clinical diagnoses, including presbycusis (p<0.001), chronic otitis media (p= 0.003), noise-induced HL (p=0.007), sudden sensineural HL (p<0.001), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Noise exposure combined with a smoking habit, use of alcohol without smoking, smoking and alcohol, hypertension without diabetes, diabetes with hypertension, and other predisposing factors were key contributors to HL, highlighting the need for early intervention and management. The most common diagnosis was chronic otitis media.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"30 1","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Homogeneity of Audibility of Pediatric Word and Sentence Corpus in Tamil.","authors":"Udhayakumar Ravirose, Devi Neelamegarajan","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00262","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the homogeneity of the audibility of word and sentence corpora for use in the development of speech audiometry test tools in Tamil. Materials and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Tamil corpus (675 words and 195 sentences) was compiled from books, magazines, and novels of children aged five to ten years. A female speaker was chosen to record the corpus based on expert ratings. All recorded contents were root mean square-normalized using Adobe Audition 3.0. The recorded material was randomly placed into 27-word lists (25 words/list) and 20-sentence lists for psychometric assessment. Speech perception testing was done at five intensities (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 dB SL; referenced to pure-tone average) in 20 adults with normal hearing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (p<0.01) in speech perception scores as a function of intensity for all words and sentences. A logistic regression model was fitted to estimate the thresholds (i.e., the intensity level at which 50% scores were obtained) from the curve, which was observed around 10.12 dB SL for the words and 11.77 dB SL for the sentences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All words and sentences in the pediatric Tamil corpus were observed to be homogenous in audibility. Hence, all words and sentences can be utilized for developing an assessment tool process, as well as in subsequent clinical assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"30 1","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Updated Insights on Diagnostic Pitfalls and Management.","authors":"Yoon Chan Rah","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00717","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) rely on the observation of characteristic nystagmus elicited by specific diagnostic and repositioning maneuvers, making clinician expertise essential. Accurate diagnosis requires careful simulation of the position of otoconial debris within the semicircular canals, both at rest and during dynamic maneuvers. Diagnostic and repositioning maneuvers for posterior and horizontal canal BPPV are well established. However, caution is required in cases of cupulolithiasis, especially involving the vertical canals, where the direction of nystagmus may resemble that seen in canalolithiasis. Key features such as minimal latency and fatigability are important for differential diagnosis. Anterior canal BPPV typically presents with predominantly down-beating nystagmus accompanied by a minimal torsional component. Accordingly, recent therapeutic approaches for anterior canal BPPV have emphasized straight head-hanging and head-flexion maneuvers. In general, repositioning maneuvers achieve high cure rates. Nevertheless, the complex microanatomy and pathophysiology of BPPV may limit treatment efficacy. In such cases, clinicians should reassure patients regarding the benign and non-life-threatening nature of BPPV. A careful and systematic approach can then be adopted to reassess the diagnosis and optimize treatment strategies while minimizing vertigo.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Self-Directed Auditory Rehabilitation in Individuals With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sangmin Park, Sunmi Ma, Jieun Joo, Seunghee Ha, Tae-Jin Yoon, Woojae Han","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00591","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Hearing loss negatively affects communication and quality of life. While clinician-led rehabilitation is beneficial, access barriers and poor long-term adherence limit its overall impact. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of self-directed auditory rehabilitation across the lifespan. Materials and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted using five electronic databases for peer-reviewed studies involving children, adults, and older adults with at least mild hearing loss, who participated in self-directed auditory rehabilitation and reported behavioral, objective, or patient-reported auditory outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two studies with 1,851 screened records were included in the synthesis, which encompassed varied populations, devices, and rehabilitation formats. Random-effects meta-analyses showed significant speech recognition improvement in pediatric participants (Cohen's d=1.32, standard error [SE]=0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.56; p<0.05), with effects maintained at 1-3 months. A moderately significant benefit was observed in both adults and older adults (Cohen's d=0.55, SE=0.05, 95% CI: 0.45-0.65). Although publication bias was present in some adult studies, the sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-directed auditory rehabilitation produces meaningful and sustained speech recognition benefits in individuals with hearing loss, endorsing its integration as an accessible adjunct to conventional audiologic care. Future studies should refine the program content and reduce intervention variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"30 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiological Outcomes in Cervical Spine Pathologies.","authors":"Zeynep Özer, Cem Demirel, Hande Arslan, Merve Mutlu Çekim, Doğukan Özdemir","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00381","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of loss of cervical lordosis (LCL) and cervical disc pathologies (CDPs) on the auditory system and to identify the predominant anatomical sites of these effects using both objective and subjective audiological assessments. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective controlled study included 98 individuals: 57 patients diagnosed with CDP via cervical spinal magnetic resonance imaging and 41 individuals without such a diagnosis. Of the participants, 68 (69.4%) were female, and 30 (30.6%) were male. CDP was assessed based on the presence and level of bulging or protrusion. Cervical lateral radiographs revealed LCL in 65 patients, while 33 showed no such loss. The mean age of participants was 41.0±6.9 years (range: 21-52 years). All participants underwent audiological evaluation, including assessment of hearing thresholds and the presence of tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean speech frequency and high-frequency hearing thresholds, measured by pure-tone audiometry, were significantly higher in the 57 patients with CDP than in the 41 control participants (p=0.04 and p=0.02, respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in speech frequencies, high-frequency hearing thresholds, and otoacoustic emission measurements, as assessed by pure-tone audiometry, between the 65 patients with LCL and the 33 control participants without LCL (p=0.22, p=0.18, p=0.51, respectively). Upon evaluating the groups for the presence and severity of tinnitus, no differences in LCL or CDP were observed (p=0.81 and p=0.95, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that patients with CDPs exhibit elevated hearing thresholds. Given the limited number of studies addressing inner ear function in common conditions such as cervical disc herniation and LCL, this study contributes to the literature by emphasizing the importance of auditory assessments in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"30 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Results of Sound Field Audiometry With Traditional Headphone-Based Audiometry: Implications for Assessing Hearing Aid Benefits Using Functional Gain.","authors":"Sung-Min Park, Miso Lee, Yang-Sun Cho","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00234","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare sound field audiometry (SFA) and headphone-based audiometry (HPA) during the hearing aid fitting process. Factors associated with the differences between the two methods were also investigated. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients who underwent both unaided SFA and HPA on the same day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hearing thresholds obtained in SFA were lower than those measured with HPA at 250 Hz (p=0.016). No significant differences were observed at other frequencies. When comparing the clinical characteristics of the groups with lower and higher thresholds of SFA at 250 Hz, patients with mixed hearing loss (MHL) were more prevalent in the group with lower hearing thresholds in SFA, whereas those with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were more common in the group with equal or higher thresholds in SFA (p=0.011). Moreover, in subjects with SNHL, no significant difference was observed between the average of the thresholds at the four frequencies (4-FA) of SFA and that of HPA (p=0.156), while a significant difference was observed in subjects with MHL (p=0.028). When compared across the frequency, the thresholds of SFA at 250 Hz and 1,000 Hz were significantly lower than those of HPA (p=0.004 and p=0.009, respectively) in MHL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improvement in aided hearing in SFA compared with unaided HPA must be interpreted with caution at lower frequencies in subjects with MHL. Meanwhile, when validating the efficacy in HA users with SNHL, the process can be simplified using unaided HPA instead of SFA; however, unaided SFA should be employed in those with MHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"30 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latency Characteristics of Auditory Brainstem Responses to Click and LS CE-Chirp Stimuli Under Monaural and Binaural Conditions.","authors":"Sungmin Lee","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00220","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The auditory brainstem response (ABR) represents a critical tool for evaluating auditory pathways. Although absolute and inter-peak latencies (IPLs) are commonly analyzed, the differences between different stimulus types and presentation modes, particularly during binaural processing, remain underexplored. This study compared the absolute latencies, IPLs, and binaural interaction component (BIC) latencies of ABRs elicited by click and LS CE-chirp stimuli under both monaural and binaural conditions. The present study analyzed the clinical features of cochlear function in Ramsay-Hunt syndrome.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Twenty-one adults with normal hearing aged 22-25 years underwent ABR testing using click and LS CE-chirp stimuli under binaural, right ear, and left ear conditions. Their absolute latencies, IPLs, and BIC latencies for waves I, III, and V were recorded. BIC latencies were calculated by subtracting each subject's binaural wave latency from their mean monaural latency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects' LS CE-chirp stimuli elicited significantly longer wave V latencies under binaural vs monaural conditions, although their click-evoked ABRs did not show significant differences across the different presentation modes evaluated. The wave III latencies were significantly longer for the LS CE-chirp stimuli under the binaural and right-ear conditions. The IPLs showed stimulus- and ear-dependent differences, with LS CE-chirps evoking shorter IPLs vs. regular clicks under some conditions. The BIC latencies for waves III and V were significantly longer for the LS CE-chirp stimuli, whereas those for wave I showed no significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LS CE-chirp stimuli enhanced ABR detectability and revealed longer binaural processing times, particularly at higher auditory brainstem levels. These findings support the utility of LS CE-chirp in terms of assessing binaural integration and central auditory processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"29 4","pages":"258-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12580943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Age and Speech Perception at Different Signal-to-Noise Ratios Among Children With Normal Hearing.","authors":"Shanjana Kumar, Dawson Gladys Prathiba","doi":"10.7874/jao.2025.00080","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2025.00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Children constantly gain auditory experiences that promote speech and language development. Therefore, evaluating the auditory capacities of children in noisy environments is imperative. In this study, we sought to evaluate the speech perception abilities of children with normal hearing in noisy environments.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was employed, enrolling 162 Tamil-speaking children aged 3-6 years with normal hearing. These children were further categorized into three groups based on age range: group 1 (3;0-3;11 years), group 2 (4;0-4;11 years), and group 3 (5;0-5;11 years). The two-talker babble was recorded and presented under four conditions: silence, 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), +10 dB SNR, and +20 dB SNR. Scoring was carried out and recorded appropriately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference (p<0.05) in performance was observed at 0 dB SNR and +10 dB SNR compared to that in the other two presentation conditions. Among all the age groups assessed, performance was poorer in those exposed to 0 dB SNR, whereas near-perfect scores were recorded among those exposed to 20 dB SNR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide a basis for comparing the performance of children utilizing hearing devices in noisy environments. This normative data can also serve as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of children with hearing loss fitted with hearing devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"29 4","pages":"253-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12580934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Guidelines for Smartphone-Based Hearing Aid Application and Personal Sound Amplification Device Usage to Correct Hearing Loss in Korea Based on a Randomized Controlled Trial by the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center.","authors":"Myeongsin Kang, Jae-Hyun Seo, Jae-Jun Song, Il Joon Moon, Yong-Ho Park, Moo Kyun Park","doi":"10.7874/jao.2024.00640","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2024.00640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of mild-to-moderate hearing loss is increasing due to noise exposure and an expanding elderly population. Despite the benefits of hearing aids, many individuals avoid them due to cost and incomplete awareness, opting instead for smartphone-based hearing aid applications (SHAAs) and personal sound amplification products (PSAPs). However, these devices are currently lacking official approval for medical use. The study results, together with roundtable discussions organized by the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center (PACEN) and recent research findings, were reviewed to develop clinical guidelines. The roundtable discussions involved seven otology experts and one lay representative and focused on defining PSAPs and establishing minimum requirements for their use by patients with hearing loss. Hearing aids were found to effectively address all types of hearing loss and improve speech recognition in noisy environments. In contrast, SHAA and PSAP are effective only under specific conditions: SHAA for mild loss and PSAP for mild-to-moderate loss. Both devices perform poorly in noisy settings and lack noise processing features. Hearing aids are recommended as the most effective and versatile option for auditory rehabilitation, whereas SHAA and PSAP should only be considered under defined conditions when hearing aids are impractical. Continued updates and cost-effectiveness evaluations will be required as technologies advance.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":"29 4","pages":"237-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12580935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}