Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Follmann balanitis - A very rare presentation of primary syphilis.","authors":"Sankaranantham Murugan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_39_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_39_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study of the factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India.","authors":"Settipalli Surendereddy, M Vijaikumar, Ramesh Jayaraman, P Kavita Vasudevan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_50_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_50_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Combating human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has been possible due to advances in prevention strategies and Antiretroviral therapy (ART). Optimal adherence to ART is a major factor in achieving the desired immunological, virological, and patient well-being outcomes. Several socio-demographic, patient, treatment, and health-care system-related factors influence nonadherent behavior to ART.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study was planned to assess (1) ART adherence level, (2) factors and reasons associated with nonadherence, and (3) impact of suboptimal adherence on treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a cross-sectional analytical study of 300 patients in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Random sampling was used to collect data from patient treatment cards and a predesigned structured questionnaire. The pill count method was used to calculate adherence level.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Nonadherence was chosen as a dependent variable and factors affecting adherence were chosen as independent variables. Test for significance was carried out by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimal adherence was seen in 68.3%. Factors significantly associated with nonadherence were lower education level, high prior CD4 count, irregular follow-up, missing doses in the past, and being late for pharmacy pill refills. Adherence was positively associated with mean increase in CD4 count over 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, the adherence rate is suboptimal which can lead to failure of ART. Nonadherence was associated with a decrease in CD4 count overtime. Most of the factors significantly affecting ART adherence were patient behavior related. These factors can be used for target intervention during reinforcement adherence counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective observational study on species differentiation and antifungal susceptibility pattern in patients with genital candidiasis.","authors":"S Sivagamasundari, K Mahadevan, Reena Rai, Sriramajayam Lavanya","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_58_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_58_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candidial balanitis, balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis can be diagnosed by direct microscopy, culture and treated with antifungals. Resistance to antifungals is emerging. Hence, we conducted a study to identify the causative species and antifungal susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To observe the species differentiation and antifungal susceptibility pattern in patients with genital candidiasis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was carried out that included 54 patients of age group (18-60 years) diagnosed clinically and direct microscopically (KOH) for genital candidiasis. Culture was done using Sabouraud dextrose agar. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility were tested. Descriptive data were expressed in the form of frequency and percentage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 54 patients, 41 had culture positive candidiasis. Among the isolated species, 68.3% were <i>Candida albicans</i> (28/41) and 31.7% were non<i>- albicans Candida spp</i>. Among non-<i>albicans Candida</i> species (13/41), <i>Candida glabrata</i> (19.5%), <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (7.3%), <i>Candida guilliermondii</i> (2.4%), <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> (2.4%) were identified. Antifungal susceptibility was tested for fluconazole (FLU), clotrimazole (CLTZ), itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), voriconazole (VOR), amphotericin-B (AMPH-B). Except <i>C. glabrata</i> and <i>C.parapsilosis</i>, all other species were sensitive to all tested antifungals. All isolated species were sensitive to KTZ, VOR, AMPH-B, and CLTZ. Nearly 22% of isolates were resistant to fluconazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>C. glabrata</i> causes complicated, severe recurrent vulvovaginitis which is fluconazole resistant. Drug sensitivity prior prescribing antifungal agent identifies appropriate drug, decreases patient's disease morbidity and cross resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical presentation of molluscum contagiosum infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient.","authors":"Agnes Ramadimetja Sema-Ramashala, Ooko Francis","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_104_18","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_104_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a skin infection caused by a virus of the poxvirus family. The infection is usually innocuous and inconsequential, occasionally resolving spontaneously. It is rarely associated with such severe physical and psychological morbidity. The clinical lesions are usually painless papules or nodules with central umbilication. Painful anogenital tumors exhibiting a cerebriform surface have rarely been reported. MC infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients may present with generalized papules and papulonodules, and sometimes, progression to tumorous lesions. Early detection and effective treatment of the infection in HIV patients will go a long way in preventing progression to tumors, which are known to be resistant to treatment. The tumors responded well to X-ray external beam radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"44-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythema multiforme or secondary syphilis: A diagnostic dilemma.","authors":"Shirin Sunil Gawali, Abhishek Deshmukh, Suyash Singh Tomar","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_66_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_66_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"86-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple sexually transmitted infections as a presenting feature of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS.","authors":"Avani Talati, Yogesh S Marfatia, Rashmi Samir Mahajan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_9_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_9_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 45-year-old married male presented with nonhealing, painless ulcers with purulent discharge over genitals for 3 months. He had molluscum contagiosum over genitalia and forehead. A tissue smear suggested a diagnosis of donovanosis. Biopsy suggested diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum and serology was positive for human immunodeficiency virus 1 and herpes simplex 2. The patient was started on acyclovir and doxycycline. Antiretroviral therapy was initiated. The patient responded slowly over a period of 8 weeks. Immunocompromised patients having nonhealing genital ulcers must be subjected to tissue smear to pick up the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"64-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sore throat, dysuria in a promiscuous male: What is your diagnosis?","authors":"K Revathi, Mohankumar Vedhanayagam, Rajesh Rajagopalan, K Sachin Subrahmanya","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_38_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_38_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"78-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with increasing prevalence of gonorrhea and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> among adolescents: A decade-long, hospital-based study from India.","authors":"Devanshi Sharma, Sumathi Muralidhar, Abhishek Shivanand Lachyan, Niti Khunger","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_74_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_74_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gonorrhea is a significant cause of morbidity among sexually active population. Young adults and adolescents have a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to behavioral, biological, and cultural factors fuelling the epidemic among them. The Centers for Disease Control recommends annual STI screening for sexually active individuals under twenty-five and those at higher risk. The present study aims at determining the risk factors linked to the rising prevalence of gonorrhea among Indian adolescents and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical samples from adolescents attending the STI clinics were collected over 10 years. The isolates were confirmed as <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed to various drugs using the minimum inhibitory concentration strip method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7308 genital discharge specimens were collected from STI clinic attendees, of which 417 samples were positive for gonorrhea (25 among male adolescents). Seventy six percent of positive adolescents had multiple sex partners, with only 4% using condoms. Nearly 20% practiced exchange of drugs for sex. Antimicrobial susceptibility rates were 96% sensitive for azithromycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. Gentamicin and spectinomycin reported 100% sensitivity rates. High resistance rates were reported to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline at 80%, 88%, and 68%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular screening for STIs helps understand the trends and transmission of gonorrhea, which helps initiate appropriate control measures. The resistance to recommended treatment regimens such as azithromycin and cefixime seems to be escalating gradually, probably due to irrational use of antibiotics for non-STI cases and empirical treatment, which needs close monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-retroviral therapy adherence in India (2012-18): A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saurav Basu, Yamini Marimuthu, Suneela Garg, Velusamy Saravanakumar, Balasubramanian Ganesh","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_28_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_28_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has 2.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The objective of this study was to ascertain the extent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence and reasons for nonadherence among PLHIV in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the following criteria: (1) Observational or experimental studies conducted in India and (2) English language studies. Published during January 2012-June 2018 with data collection during the same period (3). 95% ART adherence rate (primary outcome). We reviewed bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus) and extracted relevant data. The forest plot was used to display the meta-analysis results. Analyses were performed in Stata 14 using the \"Metaprop_one\" function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 511 records were identified after removing duplicates, 59 full-texts were screened of which 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only one study was conducted in rural India, with <95% adherence reported by all its participants. The PLHIV reported several reasons for their ART nonadherence including forgetfulness (8/15), running out of pills (3/15), distance from the health center and associated travel (2/15), alcohol abuse (3/15), concealment of HIV status from family (2/15, felt stigma (2/15), depressive symptoms (2/15), and fear of side-effects (2/15). The overall pooled estimate of ART adherence was 54.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27%-81%), while among facility-based studies, the ≥95% adherence rate was significant higher. 62% (95% CI 46%-0.78%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the universal provision of free of cost ART to all PLHIV in government health facilities in India, suboptimal adherence to treatment persists in nearly half of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can ferritin be a surrogate marker for CD4 cells in human immunodeficiency virus patients? A cross-sectional study of association of serum ferritin levels with immunological staging of human immunodeficiency virus patients.","authors":"Chinmay Vishwanath Hegde, Hemant Mahur, D P Singh, R S Darshan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_32_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_32_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS in India came into public view in 1986 with the detection of the first case of HIV in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and the first AIDS case in Mumbai, Maharashtra in 1987. In acute phase response, iron distribution occurs in the liver and mononuclear phagocytic system. A high prevalence of elevated serum ferritin levels is reported in HIV infection and serum ferritin levels increase with the clinical worsening of infection and with decreasing CD4 lymphocyte counts. This study is designed to find the role of acute phase reactant serum ferritin in the progression of the disease of HIV which is complicated by opportunistic infections, by finding the correlation of serum ferritin with immunological stages of HIV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients admitted to various wards of the Department of Medicine or attending medicine outdoor or ART Centre, Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital, RNT Medical College Udaipur. Serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, and total serum iron were analyzed in Cobas^® analyzer. CD4 cells are measured using the flow cytometry technique. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>There was a negative correlation among serum ferritin and CD4 cells with <i>r</i> = -0.195 which was statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05). As the CD4 cell count decreased incidence of serum ferritin increased. Elevation of serum ferritin levels is associated with a low count of the CD4+ in HIV-diagnosed patients. In a patient diagnosed with HIV, elevated serum ferritin indicates underlying inflammatory pathology. Serum ferritin can be used as a guide to further evaluation of underlying disease in HIV patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}