Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Erythema multiforme or secondary syphilis: A diagnostic dilemma.","authors":"Shirin Sunil Gawali, Abhishek Deshmukh, Suyash Singh Tomar","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_66_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_66_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"86-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple sexually transmitted infections as a presenting feature of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS.","authors":"Avani Talati, Yogesh S Marfatia, Rashmi Samir Mahajan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_9_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_9_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 45-year-old married male presented with nonhealing, painless ulcers with purulent discharge over genitals for 3 months. He had molluscum contagiosum over genitalia and forehead. A tissue smear suggested a diagnosis of donovanosis. Biopsy suggested diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum and serology was positive for human immunodeficiency virus 1 and herpes simplex 2. The patient was started on acyclovir and doxycycline. Antiretroviral therapy was initiated. The patient responded slowly over a period of 8 weeks. Immunocompromised patients having nonhealing genital ulcers must be subjected to tissue smear to pick up the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"64-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sore throat, dysuria in a promiscuous male: What is your diagnosis?","authors":"K Revathi, Mohankumar Vedhanayagam, Rajesh Rajagopalan, K Sachin Subrahmanya","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_38_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_38_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"78-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with increasing prevalence of gonorrhea and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> among adolescents: A decade-long, hospital-based study from India.","authors":"Devanshi Sharma, Sumathi Muralidhar, Abhishek Shivanand Lachyan, Niti Khunger","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_74_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_74_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gonorrhea is a significant cause of morbidity among sexually active population. Young adults and adolescents have a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to behavioral, biological, and cultural factors fuelling the epidemic among them. The Centers for Disease Control recommends annual STI screening for sexually active individuals under twenty-five and those at higher risk. The present study aims at determining the risk factors linked to the rising prevalence of gonorrhea among Indian adolescents and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinical samples from adolescents attending the STI clinics were collected over 10 years. The isolates were confirmed as <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed to various drugs using the minimum inhibitory concentration strip method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7308 genital discharge specimens were collected from STI clinic attendees, of which 417 samples were positive for gonorrhea (25 among male adolescents). Seventy six percent of positive adolescents had multiple sex partners, with only 4% using condoms. Nearly 20% practiced exchange of drugs for sex. Antimicrobial susceptibility rates were 96% sensitive for azithromycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. Gentamicin and spectinomycin reported 100% sensitivity rates. High resistance rates were reported to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline at 80%, 88%, and 68%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular screening for STIs helps understand the trends and transmission of gonorrhea, which helps initiate appropriate control measures. The resistance to recommended treatment regimens such as azithromycin and cefixime seems to be escalating gradually, probably due to irrational use of antibiotics for non-STI cases and empirical treatment, which needs close monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-retroviral therapy adherence in India (2012-18): A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saurav Basu, Yamini Marimuthu, Suneela Garg, Velusamy Saravanakumar, Balasubramanian Ganesh","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_28_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.IJSTD_28_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has 2.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The objective of this study was to ascertain the extent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence and reasons for nonadherence among PLHIV in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the following criteria: (1) Observational or experimental studies conducted in India and (2) English language studies. Published during January 2012-June 2018 with data collection during the same period (3). 95% ART adherence rate (primary outcome). We reviewed bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus) and extracted relevant data. The forest plot was used to display the meta-analysis results. Analyses were performed in Stata 14 using the \"Metaprop_one\" function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 511 records were identified after removing duplicates, 59 full-texts were screened of which 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only one study was conducted in rural India, with <95% adherence reported by all its participants. The PLHIV reported several reasons for their ART nonadherence including forgetfulness (8/15), running out of pills (3/15), distance from the health center and associated travel (2/15), alcohol abuse (3/15), concealment of HIV status from family (2/15, felt stigma (2/15), depressive symptoms (2/15), and fear of side-effects (2/15). The overall pooled estimate of ART adherence was 54.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27%-81%), while among facility-based studies, the ≥95% adherence rate was significant higher. 62% (95% CI 46%-0.78%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the universal provision of free of cost ART to all PLHIV in government health facilities in India, suboptimal adherence to treatment persists in nearly half of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"2-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can ferritin be a surrogate marker for CD4 cells in human immunodeficiency virus patients? A cross-sectional study of association of serum ferritin levels with immunological staging of human immunodeficiency virus patients.","authors":"Chinmay Vishwanath Hegde, Hemant Mahur, D P Singh, R S Darshan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_32_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_32_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS in India came into public view in 1986 with the detection of the first case of HIV in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and the first AIDS case in Mumbai, Maharashtra in 1987. In acute phase response, iron distribution occurs in the liver and mononuclear phagocytic system. A high prevalence of elevated serum ferritin levels is reported in HIV infection and serum ferritin levels increase with the clinical worsening of infection and with decreasing CD4 lymphocyte counts. This study is designed to find the role of acute phase reactant serum ferritin in the progression of the disease of HIV which is complicated by opportunistic infections, by finding the correlation of serum ferritin with immunological stages of HIV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients admitted to various wards of the Department of Medicine or attending medicine outdoor or ART Centre, Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital, RNT Medical College Udaipur. Serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, and total serum iron were analyzed in Cobas^® analyzer. CD4 cells are measured using the flow cytometry technique. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>There was a negative correlation among serum ferritin and CD4 cells with <i>r</i> = -0.195 which was statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05). As the CD4 cell count decreased incidence of serum ferritin increased. Elevation of serum ferritin levels is associated with a low count of the CD4+ in HIV-diagnosed patients. In a patient diagnosed with HIV, elevated serum ferritin indicates underlying inflammatory pathology. Serum ferritin can be used as a guide to further evaluation of underlying disease in HIV patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant secondary syphilis presenting with rupioid lesions and moth-eaten alopecia.","authors":"Neerja Saraswat, Durga Madhab Tripathy, Sushil Kumar, Eeshaan Ranjan, Manoj Gopal Madakshira, Shobhit Goel","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_73_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"82-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study of noninfectious - nonvenereal genital dermatoses among adult males at tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat.","authors":"Brijesh Vinubhai Parmar, Hardik Tandel","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_70_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_70_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A number of dermatoses affect the genitalia in a unique and distinct manner. Nonvenereal dermatoses may not be restricted to genitalia alone; it may affect other body sites and mucous membranes as well. Dermatoses involving genital areas are not necessarily sexually transmitted. Skin lesions of the genitalia may be physiological, venereal, or nonvenereal in origin. Studies on genital dermatoses of only nonvenereal and noninfectious origin among adults are not commonly documented in India.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical pattern and frequency of noninfectious nonvenereal genital dermatoses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 261 patients with noninfectious nonvenereal genital dermatoses attending tertiary care hospital were enrolled from August 2019-July 2020. Cases of more than 18 years of age who had given informed valid consent were included in the study, whereas venereal or infectious dermatoses were excluded from this study. The diagnosis was established based on a detailed history, examination, biopsy, and relevant investigations. Data collection was done using predesigned pro forma, and analysis was perfomed using MS Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximum participants were middle aged with a mean age of 43.38 ± 9.45 years. The most common nonvenereal genital dermatoses were vitiligo (23.37%), followed by physiological conditions (19%-92%), papulosquamous dermatosis (18.77%), lichen simplex chronicus (16.48%), premalignant conditions (6.51%), vesiculobullous conditions and benign conditions (4.98%) each, adverse cutaneous drug reactions (4.21%), and malignant conditions (0.77%). About 78.54% of participants had dermatosis over genitalia only. Focal vitiligo was the most common dermatosis involving only genitalia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is novel as participants enrolled only of noninfectious, nonvenereal genital dermatoses among males.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nevus comedonicus of glans with unusual morphology due to manipulation.","authors":"Varniraj Patel, Vaishnavi Verma","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_94_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_94_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nevus comedonicus, an uncommon skin condition, was originally termed \"comedo nevus\" by Kofmann in 1895. It is characterized by the clusters of pits-containing black keratinous plugs resembling blackheads. Conventionally, nevus comedonicus manifests at birth (in 50% of cases) or during the first decade of life. The commonly affected areas include the head, neck, chest, upper, and lower limbs, with patterns ranging from unilateral, bilateral, linear, interrupted, segmental, to blaschkoid. While genital nevus comedonicus is rare, some cases have been reported. In this report, we present a case of nevus comedonicus on the glans, underscoring the importance of considering nonsexually transmitted disease-related causes for genital lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"74-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-pocket and catastrophic health expenditure among patients of sexually transmitted infections at a tertiary care center: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Swastika Suvirya, Srishti Tripathi, Mukesh Shukla, Parul Verma, Sujita Kumar Kar, Sonal Sachan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_56_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_56_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Economic burden imposed by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is substantial in low-middle-income countries like India, in spite of the fact that national programs for controlling STIs are operational.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study was to estimate the out-of-pocket expenses and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) incurred by patients of STIs and analyze expenditure pattern in relation to various clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study among patients attending Suraksha Clinic.</p><p><strong>Subject and methods: </strong>The study was conducted among patients aged ≥18 years. Data were collected regarding various direct and indirect expenses incurred, after adjusting any reimbursement or waive off. Total costs exceeding 10% of annual household income were considered catastrophic. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze predictors, and <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 157 patients, most were suffering from herpetic ulcers (27.4%). The median and interquartile range (IQR) for total OOPE of STI management was ₹1950 (IQR 1035-5725). Direct expenditure constituted major expenses with a median of ₹1850 (IQR 787.50-5385.0). The cost of STI management was catastrophic in 15.2% of cases. Lower socioeconomic status, longer traveling distance, overnight stay as a part of seeking treatment at Suraksha Clinic, previous history of other than allopathic treatment, and quack consultation were found to be independent predictors of CHE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite free diagnostic and treatment services to STI patients under the National AIDS Control Programme, many incurred considerable costs and catastrophic expenditure toward STI care. Better outreach of health services is required to maximize STI control and lower financial morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"45 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11233049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}