Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Uncommon manifestation of discoid lupus erythematosus in a human immunodeficiency virus patient.","authors":"Rachita Misri, Monica Bambroo, Dipti Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_42_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 2","pages":"186-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10785112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139467312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediculosis pubis presenting as pediculosis capitis, pediculosis corporis, and pediculosis ciliaris in a case of Alport syndrome.","authors":"Manal D Dave,&nbsp;Hita H Mehta,&nbsp;Amitkumar Rameshbhai Gorasiya,&nbsp;Devanshi Nitin Nimbark","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_88_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_88_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the human body. Pediculosis pubis is primarily found in the pubic region and is usually transmitted by sexual contact. Diagnosis is done by visualization of mites which can be aided by the use of dermoscope. Hereby, we report a case of an Alport syndrome patient having extensive pubic lice infestation with no sexual history and probable transmission from cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/ec/IJSTD-44-71.PMC10343108.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9816667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Lepromatous leprosy as a presenting feature of HIV:\" Diagnostic and management dilemmas.","authors":"Vinod Hanumanthu,&nbsp;Tarun Narang,&nbsp;Sunil Dogra,&nbsp;Bhushan Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_34_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_34_22","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have diagnosed this case as LL with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) without considering carefully the clinical presentation and symptomatology. We feel that the clinical morphology of the lesions looks more like histoid leprosy (HL). The patient has papulonodular lesions with central depression, over the face with normal looking intervening skin, and the absence of madarosis also supports the diagnosis of HL.[2] Most of the lesions on legs are infiltrated papulonodules with few showing crusting suggestive again of HL. The presence of more than the usual number of lesions in this patient most likely indicates its possible transformation to LL, which is known to occur though not often. [3] Further, the absence of systemic features such as fever, arthralgias, and neuritis is unusual for ENL, which has acute presentation with associated systemic features. The authors also mention that Mycobacterium leprae and HIV act synergistically which could worsen the nerve damage, but surprisingly this patient had all the sensations intact. Enlarged nerves with no nerve function impairment (NFI) or tenderness are also more consistent with the diagnosis of HL rather than LL with ENL. HL may present with thickened nerves and the NFI may appear much later. Although the association of HL with HIV is quite rare, two cases (one presenting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) have been reported by Bumb et al.[4] and Sivasankari et al. [5] in HIV‐infected patients taking highly active retroviral therapy for 9 and 11 months, respectively.","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"99-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/fb/IJSTD-44-99.PMC10343106.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9816669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicoepidemiological study of adverse cutaneous drug reactions among immunocompromised children at a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Tulasi Jarang,&nbsp;Bhumesh Kumar Katakam,&nbsp;Kiran Kumar Bollepaka,&nbsp;Harilitha Gindham","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_33_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_33_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the HIV/AIDS associated morbidity and mortality significantly. But 25% of all patients discontinue treatment because of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDR) are very common with ART regimens, which may range from mild pruritus, maculopapular rash to serious Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). ACDRs comprise 10%-30% of all reported ADRs.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To assess the different types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions in immunocompromised children of less than 18years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective record-based study, conducted at department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College (GMC)/Government General Hospital (GGH), Suryapet, Telangana, India. Data was collected from the records available at ART centre, from November 2018 to October 2021 GGH, Suryapet. All the HIV infected children ≤18 years who were on ART, were included in this study. Patients of more than 18 years and on other medications were excluded. Demographic data, socio economic status, vaccination status, height, weight, complete blood analysis, complete urine analysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, liver and renal function tests and CD4 counts were recorded before initiation of ART.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 330 children of less than 18 years were initiated for ART, at ART centre, Government General Hospital, Suraypet. Out of 330 children, 27.8% (92) children developed ACDRs. 58.7% (54) were males and 41.3% (38) were females. Maculopapular rash was seen in 65.2% (60) cases, urticaria was seen in 15.3% (14) cases, Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS) was seen in 9.8% (9) cases, SJS/TEN overlap was seen in 6.5% (6) cases and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) was seen in 3.2% (3) case. CD4 count was below 300 in 65.3% (60) cases above 300 in 34.7% (32) cases. Gap between initiation of the treatment and onset of reaction was less than one month in 65.3% (60) cases, and more than one month in 34.7% (32) cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/e7/IJSTD-44-24.PMC10343107.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9816671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> by polymerase chain reaction-based molecular method among symptomatic women from Northern India.","authors":"Rajneesh Dadwal,&nbsp;Nandita Sharma,&nbsp;Rimjhim Kanaujia,&nbsp;Sakshi Malhotra,&nbsp;Hemant Chaudhry,&nbsp;Shivali Rathore,&nbsp;Aastha Saini,&nbsp;Rashmi Bagga,&nbsp;Abhishek Mewara,&nbsp;Sumeeta Khurana,&nbsp;Rakesh Yadav,&nbsp;Sunil Sethi","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_21_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trichomoniasis remains one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, which is curable. To prevent complications and transmission, prompt and correct diagnosis is essential to treat <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>. The present study was done to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with other conventional techniques for the diagnosis of <i>T. vaginalis</i> infection and determine the prevalence of <i>T. vaginalis</i> in women with vaginal discharge based on PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vaginal swabs were collected by the trained health-care professional using FLOQSwabs™ (Copan, Italy) during routine pelvic examinations among 1974 symptomatic females. The wet microscopy, culture, and PCR were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity of wet mount and culture in comparison to PCR was 60.87% and 56.52%, respectively. The kappa inter-rater agreement of <i>T. vaginalis</i> PCR showed substantial agreement with wet mount microscopy (κ = 0.742) and culture (κ = 0.707). The PCR detected an additional 17 cases that were missed by conventional techniques.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study highlights the importance of PCR for <i>T. vaginalis</i> screening among symptomatic females.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/c2/IJSTD-44-40.PMC10343104.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Was that endoscopy necessary?","authors":"Rubén Linares Navarro,&nbsp;Pedro Sánchez Sambucety,&nbsp;Manuel Ángel Rodríguez Prieto","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_66_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_66_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"89-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/20/IJSTD-44-89.PMC10343117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saxophone penis: A sequel to penoscrotal hidradenitis suppurativa.","authors":"Nitin Krishna Patil,&nbsp;Aditya Kumar Bubna","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_112_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_112_21","url":null,"abstract":"It has been suggested that long‐standing penoscrotal inflammation culminates in lymphatic fibrosis. Further, diminished blood supply to the dorsal penis heralds contraction of connective tissue that results in dorsal bending of the penis. As vascularity of the ventral penis is not compromised, blood extravasation continues, leading to edema that lifts the distal penis upward and outward, making the dorsal penile curvature more prominent that finally assumes the configuration of a saxophone.[2]","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"97-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/85/IJSTD-44-97.PMC10343135.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunovirological discordance among people living with human immunodeficiency virus at a center in Western India: A retrospective study.","authors":"Mayank Kacker,&nbsp;Rohit Vashisht,&nbsp;Anil S Menon","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_121_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_121_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Treatment of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV) is monitored using plasma HIV viral load levels and CD4 counts. Patients with either immunological nonresponse (virological suppression achieved) or virological nonresponse (immune reconstitution achieved) are termed as having a discordant response. These patients are at higher risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related infections/diseases/neoplasms, non-AIDS-related illnesses (cardiovascular, neurological, renal, hepatic diseases), and all-cause death. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of immunovirological discordance among PLHIV after completion of at least 1 year of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) plus center in India and analyze contributory factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a retrospective study of PLHIV receiving cART at the ART plus clinic in Western India from January 18 to December 21. Four hundred and ninety-six patients were studied based on sample size calculated and assessed for CD4 and viral load response at 0, 6, and 12 months of ART.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 496 patients, 48 patients (9.7%) had immunovirological discordance. Out of them, 36 patients (75%) had a virological response (immunological nonresponse) and 12 (25%) patients had an immunological response (virological nonresponse). The factors contributing to immunological nonresponse were as follows - low baseline CD4 levels (<100 cells) (36.1%), adherence <95% (33.3%), presence of opportunistic infections (16.6%), and failure on first-line therapy (11.1%). Other factors noted included higher baseline viral load (2.7%), chronic kidney disease (5.5%), and chronic hepatitis B virus co-infection (5.5%). Virological nonresponse was associated with poor adherence to therapy <95% (33%) and failure of first-line regimen (33%). Opportunistic infections were noted among 33% of patients and 8.3% of patients were found to have higher baseline viral load.</p><p><strong>Interpretation and conclusion: </strong>Immunovirological discordance is an important factor influencing response to cART and is associated with many complications such as AIDS and non-AIDS-related events and even death. Improved adherence and timely identification and management of opportunistic infections are measures that are beneficial in reducing the incidence of immunovirological discordance.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ac/76/IJSTD-44-15.PMC10343130.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circinate mucositis and keratoderma blennorrhagicum of reactive arthritis.","authors":"Neerja Saraswat,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar,&nbsp;Durga Madhab Tripathy,&nbsp;Eeshaan Ranjan,&nbsp;Shobhit Goel","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_89_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_89_22","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a syndrome characterized by a triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis with specific skin manifestations in the form of circinate balanitis and keratoderma blennorrhagicum. The entity has been linked to HLA‐B27 and has either a preceding diarrheal illness or venereal urethritis caused by Chlamydiae trachomatis. We report a case of ReA with circinate balanitis and keratoderma blennorrhagicum, also associated with circinate oral mucositis.","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"102-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/98/IJSTD-44-102.PMC10343109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective study to estimate the incidence and pattern of adverse drug reactions to first-line antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir, efavirenz, and lamivudine).","authors":"Boby Singh,&nbsp;Ankur Guliani,&nbsp;Vinod Hanumanthu,&nbsp;Tarun Narang,&nbsp;Sunil Dogra,&nbsp;Sanjeev Handa,&nbsp;Aman Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_44_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_44_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antiretroviral drugs are efficacious but are associated with long-term toxicities, drug interactions, and emergence of drug resistance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the incidence and pattern of adverse drug reactions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) (tenofovir, efavirenz, and lamivudine (TEL) which was introduced by NACO in 2013.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective, single-center observational study that included 135 treatment-naive HIV patients who were started on fixed drug once-daily regimen (TEL). At baseline, detailed clinical history, body weight, waist-hip ratio, complete blood count, liver and renal function test, CD4 cell count were performed. Clinical monitoring for cutaneous, neuropsychiatric, and gastrointestinal side effects was done every month along with laboratory monitoring and anthropometric measurement for every 6 months. CD4 counts were measured at baseline and end of the study at 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 135 participants, 89 (65.9%) were males and 46 (34%) were females. The mean age and the mean duration of illness at inclusion were 35.10 ± 8.97 years and 1.2 ± 0.6 years, respectively. The mean increase in weight at baseline and at 12 months (57.55 ± 6.56 to 64.04 ± 8.2) was statistically significant (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.35-8.62, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The mean CD4 counts at baseline were 309.73 ± 118.44 and increased after 12 months of treatment to 421 ± 129.4 which was statistically significant (95% CI: 81.54-140.99, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The mean difference in platelet count was statistically significant between baseline and 12 months (95% CI: 10.32-46.13, <i>P</i> = 0.002). The mean difference in serum urea levels at baseline and at 6 months (95% CI: 0.60-1.61, <i>P</i> < 0.001) as well as 12 months were statistically significant (95% CI: 0.08-1.03, <i>P</i> = 0.02). The mean increase in serum creatinine at baseline (0.75 ± 0.12) and at 12 months (0.97 ± 0.16) was also significant (95% CI: 0.21-0.28, <i>P</i> < 0.001). There was a significant difference between mean creatinine clearance at baseline and at 12 months (109.9 ± 13.75 to 99.33 ± 12.52, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). One patient discontinued treatment due to adverse effects while two patients were shifted to second-line antiretroviral treatment.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Small sample size, single-center study and short follow-up period, long-term toxicities were not appreciated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fixed drug combination with TEL as a first-line ART for HIV is a safe regime as we observed minimal side effects with current regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"44 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/16/IJSTD-44-6.PMC10343103.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}