Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS最新文献

{"title":"Secondary syphilis presenting with increased ophthalmic artery resistance index: A case report.","authors":"Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, Raffaella Sedile, Antonella Zizza","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_139_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_139_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular syphilis is a significant manifestation of neurosyphilis that can occur at any stage of syphilis infection and may affect one or both eyes. The most common symptoms include reduced vision, pain, photophobia, and flashes of light. Uveitis and otic neuropathies are frequently observed ocular manifestations. If left untreated, ocular syphilis can result in permanent vision loss, highlighting the importance of thorough evaluation and timely treatment. We present the case of a 44-year-old woman, who exhibited symptoms including a maculopapular rash on the trunk and upper limbs, followed by cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillitis, and decreased vision. Serological tests showed positivity for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (1:32) and <i>Treponema pallidum</i> haemagglutination (1:10,240). An magnetic resonance imaging of the brain ruled out any pathological intracranial impregnations. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed normal cellularity. An ocular ultrasound and a Doppler examination of the ophthalmic artery were conducted to assess the Ocular Assessment Rating Index (OARI). A retinal detachment was observed in the right eye, showing a significant increase in OARI compared to the left eye (0.82 vs. 0.68). A clinically significant increase in OARI was defined as a value >0.75 based on previous observations. The patient was treated with aqueous crystalline penicillin G for 10 days. This case highlights a potential link between damage to the ophthalmic and cerebral vascular systems and systemic manifestations in early syphilis. We propose that Doppler of the ophthalmic artery, with resistance index calculation, should be part of the diagnostic evaluation for patients with syphilis. An increased OARI may identify patients who should undergo lumbar puncture to confirm a diagnosis of neurosyphilis and initiate appropriate therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"66-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional versus reverse algorithm for diagnosis of syphilis - An Indian perspective from a national referral laboratory for sexually transmitted infections.","authors":"Shiva Verma, Pragyan Swagatika Panda, Sumathi Muralidhar, Santhosh Rajan, Niti Khunger","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_132_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_132_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Syphilis diagnosis can be confirmed by two testing algorithms. In the traditional algorithm, a nontreponemal test is used as a screening test to rule out syphilis which, if reactive, is confirmed by a treponemal test. In the reverse algorithm, a treponemal test is used as a screening test, which, if positive, is confirmed by a nontreponemal test. If the nontreponemal is negative, a second treponemal assay of a different principle is performed to resolve the discordant result. The aim of this study was to compare the traditional and reverse algorithms for the diagnosis of syphilis in a National Referral Apex Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infections.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was done on samples received from male and female sexually transmitted infection clinics for syphilis testing. All samples were tested simultaneously using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), <i>Treponema pallidum</i> hemagglutination assay (TPHA), and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) test. The results of syphilis serological testing were interpreted using the traditional and reverse algorithms. The traditional algorithm used VDRL as the screening test and TPHA as the confirmatory test. In the reverse algorithm, TPHA was the screening test, and reactive results were confirmed with VDRL. Discordant samples were confirmed with the FTA-Abs test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reverse algorithm showed a significantly higher seroprevalence of syphilis than the traditional algorithm (62.4% vs. 40.8%, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). The traditional algorithm had a high missed serodiagnosis rate (34.6%) and showed a higher false-positive rate of the screening test (6.8%) as compared to the reverse algorithm (0.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports the use of reverse algorithms for diagnosing syphilis in high-prevalence populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulval tuberculosis - A masquerade reveler.","authors":"Miloni Piyushkumar Desai, Archana Khemchandbhai Chavda, Dhara Jaiminkumar Patel, Kirti Parmar, Anugrah Parikh","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_29_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_29_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genital tuberculosis (TB) in females is a chronic disease with low-grade symptoms. It commonly occurs secondary to extragenital TB and rarely occurs primarily by inoculation from male partners. Owing to its rarity and variability of clinical presentation, along with its ability to mimic many other common conditions, its clinical diagnosis poses a challenge for practitioners. Histopathological examination plays a pivotal role in diagnosing such cases. One such rare case of TB, reveling in the vulva, masquerading as a tumor is presented here.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conundrum of recurrent pustular lesions of the glans.","authors":"Febin Ashraf, Jayashankar Errukkambattu","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_41_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_41_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genital psoriasis rarely presents as isolated pustular lesions confined to the glans penis, often leading to misdiagnosis as sexually transmitted infections such as herpes genitalis. We report a 36-year-old male with recurrent pruritic lesions on the glans over four months, with seasonal exacerbations over the past three years, particularly in winter and summer. The patient, with no systemic comorbidities or extragenital lesions, was initially misdiagnosed and treated with antivirals without relief. Clinical examination revealed multiple erythematous papules with collarette of scale and pustules that ruptured to form non-scarring erosions. Histopathological examination confirmed pustular psoriasis. The patient responded completely to topical 2% tofacitinib within four weeks. Isolated genital pustular psoriasis is exceedingly rare, with limited cases reported in the literature. Diagnostic delay is common due to its overlap with other genital dermatoses and lack of typical psoriatic plaques. This case highlights the importance of considering non-venereal causes in persistent genital lesions and the role of histopathology in achieving accurate diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study comparing the efficacy of 25% podophyllin resin versus cryotherapy in the treatment of anogenital warts - What is old still holds good!","authors":"Shreya Srinivasan, N R Vignesh, G Sukanya, K Manoharan, S Gayathri, R N Raksha","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_54_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_54_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 are the most prevalent strains that produce anogenital warts. Both cryotherapy and podophyllin have approved modalities in the treatment of anogenital warts.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the treatment outcome following cryotherapy compared to podophyllin in the treatment of anogenital warts.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was an observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All patients diagnosed clinically with anogenital warts were recruited after obtaining informed consent and with due consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A brief history taking and examination was done. Patients were segregated into two groups based on the treatment received, which was either cryotherapy or podophyllin once a week for 6-week duration. Treatment response was assessed every week based on various scoring systems.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both cryotherapy and podophyllin showed similar efficacy, with 92.3% of patients in each group showing complete resolution of the lesions at the end of this study. It was also found that participants in the podophyllin group required 3.50 ± 1.67 weeks for complete clearance, while the cryotherapy group required only 2.08 ± 0.99 weeks. Both groups exhibited an equal proportion of adverse effects, which were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While both cryotherapy and podophyllin were equally effective in treating anogenital warts, cryotherapy showed a slightly faster resolution than podophyllin. Based on the overall findings, while both options can be provided to the patient, podophyllin still holds good in resource-poor settings where cryotherapy is not always available.</p>","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking barriers: How hypospadias increases gonorrhea risk.","authors":"Prakhar Srivastava, Anshuman Dash, Niti Khunger, Prachi Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_12_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_12_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"102-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Rajesh Rajagopalan","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_92_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_92_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolutionary enigma of homosexuality: Unraveling genetic, epigenetic, and social dimensions.","authors":"Prakhar Srivastava, Fnu Harsh, Niti Khunger","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_13_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_13_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"97-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"syndromic diagnosis, sexual behavior, and management in rural population among all cases attending sexually transmitted infection clinic in a tertiary care center from the east-central zone of India: A retrospective study\".","authors":"Ishita Kaushal, Tarun Narang, Bhushan Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_134_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_134_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tuskegee syphilis study: A reminder for every researcher.","authors":"Jutang Babat Ain Tiewsoh","doi":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_114_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_114_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44880,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS","volume":"46 1","pages":"94-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}