{"title":"[Modern surgery for inflammatory bowel disease].","authors":"Georg Henniger, Raffaele Galli, Robert Rosenberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the advances in the medical management, especially biologics, there are still clear indications for operative management of IBD. For Crohn's disease, surgical therapy plays an important role after failure of medical management and for treatment of complications. In recent years, however, there has been a change in the treatment philosophy of patients with isolated involvement of the ileocecal region, and for selected patients, primary surgical resection appears to be an equivalent treatment alternative to therapy with biologics. In ulcerative colitis, surgery offers the only curative option. In severe acute colitis, surgery is indicated when conservative treatment is not effective and/or when there is a risk of colonic perforation. Indications for elective surgery are failure of conservative therapy and malignant transformation. The ileoanal J-pouch reconstruction is the standard procedure after restorative proctocolectomy with excellent functional long-term results. The increasing complexity of indications and minimally invasive surgical techniques, as well as the demanding perioperative treatment, led to an increasing specialization in the surgical treatment of IBD patients, with IBD-surgeons collaborating as a team with gastroenterologists to optimize the outcome of IBD-patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 9","pages":"417-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Eosinophilic oesophagitis and eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases].","authors":"Catrina Waldegg, Thomas Greuter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) was first described as an orphan disease in the 1990s, but its incidence and prevalence has increased dramatically in the last 20 years. EoE is now the most common cause of dysphagia in young adulthood. EoE is diagnosed endoscopically (with biopsies taken from the oesophagus). Treatment options consist of dietary measures and medications. The latter include PPI (as an off-label medication) and the approved drugs Jorveza (budesonide, topical cortisone preparation) and the monoclonal antibody Dupixent (dupilumab, subcutaneous). The response to therapy is high and the long-term outcome, if treated early, is excellent. However, the disease often remains undetected, mostly due to compensation mechanisms on the part of the patients. Much rarer than EoE are the non-EoE eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs), in which the eosinophilic tissue infiltration is found in gastrointestinal segments distal to the oesophagus. Their clinical presentation is often non-specific. Pathophysiologically, overlaps with EoE are present. Therapies are also analogous to EoE. An increasing prevalence and incidence is to be expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"79 9","pages":"423-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Long-term side effects of immune checkpoint inhibition].","authors":"Helena Marie Stricker, Andreas Wicki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has fundamentally changed the treatment landscape of solid tumors in recent years. Even in advanced stages or in tumors with historically poor prognosis, such as triple-negative breast cancer, progression-free survival, as well as overall survival of affected individuals, have considerably improved. As a result, the side effects and consequences of therapy, their detection, and treatment are becoming an increasingly important part of patient follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 8","pages":"367-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Modern cancer therapy and management of side effects].","authors":"Marcus Vetter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 8","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Side effects of oncology drugs in elderly patients].","authors":"Vérène Dougoud-Chauvin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer is a disease of old age with approximately 50% of new cancer cases occurring in humans aged 65 years and older and this number is expected to rise to 58% by 2030. Chemotherapy remains a standard part of cancer treatment, alongside new therapies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapies. However, older patients are at increased risk of chemotherapy-induced toxicity compared to younger adults. Various pharmacological parameters must be taken into account in the oncological treatment of older patients. Assessing age-related conditions that affect tolerability with geriatric evaluation is very important when planning chemotherapy. Several studies have shown that geriatric assessment variables can be used to identify older adults who are most at risk of severe toxicity from chemotherapy. Oral oncological therapies present several advantages. However, they also contain disadvantages, especially in older patients, which can lead to poorer efficiency or earlier discontinuation of therapy. Despite the physiological phenomena of immunosenescence and inflammaging, the data, mainly coming from subgroup analysis of meta-analyses, tends to show that immunotherapy is effective and well-tolerated even in older patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 8","pages":"363-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Cellular immunotherapies for malignancies - How do they work and what are the side effects?]","authors":"Heinz Läubli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The advent of immunotherapy has brought about a revolutionary shift in the treatment of cancer patients, significantly improving their outcomes. However, it is disheartening that not all patients can benefit from the currently available immunotherapies. Fortunately, cellular immunotherapies have emerged as a promising alternative. Among these approaches, the use of ex vivo activated and expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promise, particularly in patients with immunogenic cancers like melanoma. Moreover, advancements in genetic manipulation techniques have enabled the engineering of T cells with synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) capable of recognizing specific targets, such as CD19-positive cancers like B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. These cellular immunotherapies have made their way into clinical practice, although they may occasionally give rise to severe and previously unknown side effects. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of these therapies while discussing the associated side effects and their management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 8","pages":"348-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Tumour immunotherapy - mechanism and side effects].","authors":"Christian Diehl, Sacha Rothschild","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since the development of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor, a new era in tumour immunotherapy has been initiated and response and survival rates have improved in many tumour entities. Despite this encouraging progress, the number of patients who achieve a durable response is limited by resistance mechanisms, and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) complicate treatment. The mechanism of irAE is not understood in all details. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the different forms of irAE and their possible mechanisms of development, and describe possible prevention strategies and treatment options. strategies for prevention and treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 8","pages":"359-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[New treatment options in systemic therapy for breast cancer and associated new side effects].","authors":"Julia Landin, Walter Paul Weber, Marcus Vetter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer today has a significantly better prognosis than two to three decades ago. Treatment options have improved significantly. However, new systemic therapy has also resulted in side effects that clinicians must first become familiar with in order to be able to treat them optimally. This article gives an overview of the most important innovations in the last 10 years in the field of systemic therapy in breast cancer and also shows the most important side effects and their management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 8","pages":"353-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selina N Späni, Tarun Mehra, Kanchan Dongre, Anne B Leuppi-Taegtmeyer
{"title":"[Polymedication and oral antitumour therapies - which drug interactions should be considered?]","authors":"Selina N Späni, Tarun Mehra, Kanchan Dongre, Anne B Leuppi-Taegtmeyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral anticancer therapies offer various advantages but also entail risks due to their toxicity and narrow therapeutic ranges. Since these drugs are increasingly prescribed in patients with existing polypharmacy, identifying and assessing potential drug interactions is of great importance for safe and effective therapy. This article provides an overview of the most common pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions of targeted anticancer therapies, with focus on protein kinase inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":44874,"journal":{"name":"THERAPEUTISCHE UMSCHAU","volume":"80 8","pages":"373-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136399702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}