Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

{"title":"Examining the Impact of Swedish Massage with Chamomile Oil During Labor on Fear of Childbirth, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Mina Iravani, Fatemeh Eskandari, Parvane Mousavi, Mahboubeh Valiani, Shadi Taghavian, Saeed Ghanbari","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_359_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_359_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Massage has long been used during labor. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Swedish massage on fear of childbirth, stress, anxiety, and depression in primiparous women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized clinical trial was conducted using number card-based random sampling. It involved a total of 154 primiparous pregnant women admitted to 22 Bahman Hospital in Masjed Soleiman City between September 10, 2020 and April 19, 2021. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: Swedish massage with and without chamomile oil, and a control group. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ). In the intervention groups, Swedish massage was performed from the active phase of labor onward. The control group received only routine care. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, ANCOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of basic variables (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Prior to the intervention, the mean scores for fear (<i>p</i> = 0.320), anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.605), depression (<i>p</i> = 0.320), and stress (<i>p</i> = 0.292) were not significantly different among the groups. However, following the intervention, all these scores were significantly lower in the massage groups compared to the control group, with the greatest reduction observed in the group receiving massage with chamomile oil (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that therapeutic massage can effectively reduce or enhance fear, stress, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, this method can be recommended to improve the emotional wellbeing of mothers during labor.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"819-824"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Glasses versus Mint Gum for Pain and Anxiety Relief During Episiotomy Repair: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Rashideh Ghaderi Zeh, Marzieh Najar Mohiabadi, Seyede Maryam Lotfipur, Arezoo Pirak","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_345_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_345_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain and discomfort associated with episiotomy, especially during its repair, are significant sources of fear among women and may contribute to increased rates of cesarean section. This study aimed to compare the effects of virtual reality (VR) glasses and mint gum on pain intensity and anxiety during episiotomy repair among primiparous women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, 108 eligible primiparous women were randomly assigned to three groups using block randomization: VR glasses (<i>n</i> = 36), mint gum (<i>n</i> = 36), and control (<i>n</i> = 36). Pain intensity was measured at four time points using the visual analoge scale, and anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory 1 h after the repair. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 via one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests, as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in pain or anxiety were observed between the groups before the intervention (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, pain and anxiety scores were significantly lower in both intervention groups than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the VR and mint gum groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both VR glasses and mint gum were effective in reducing pain and anxiety during episiotomy repair. As low-cost, nonpharmacological interventions, they can be recommended for routine use in maternity care.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"833-839"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationship between Virtual Social Networks Usage and Spiritual Health in Students of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.","authors":"Hassan Ebrahimpour-Sadagheyani, Maede Roohbakhsh, Farin Tatari","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_258_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_258_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spiritual health is a fundamental dimension of holistic health. With the rapid expansion of virtual social networks (VSNs), their potential effects on health dimensions, including spiritual well-being, require investigation. This study aimed to examine the relationship between VSNs use and spiritual health among medical science students.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 to 2023 on 291 students at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, selected through stratified random sampling based on academic year. Data were collected using three instruments: A demographic questionnaire, the Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale with 20 items covering religious and existential well-being, and an 18-item researcher-made checklist assessing VSNs usage patterns. Content validity was confirmed using the Waltz and Bausell method with a Content Validity Index of 0.86. Due to non-normal data distribution, descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were applied in SPSS at a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant association was found between total duration of VSNs use and spiritual health scores (<i>p</i> = 0.315). Likewise, the type of platforms used and the main purposes of VSNs use showed no significant relationship with spiritual health (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, students who used VSNs during late-night hours (1:00-4:00 AM) demonstrated significantly lower spiritual health scores (<i>p</i> = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, VSNs usage does not appear to influence spiritual health; however, timing of use is an important factor. Educational interventions should emphasize healthy digital behaviors, particularly avoiding late-night VSN use, to support spiritual well-being among medical science students in academic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"840-848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Demographic Variables and the Level of Job Satisfaction of Nurses Working in Psychiatric Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad.","authors":"Firas Al-Aboudy, Jaafar Al-Showaily, Lina Sajad, Rasha Abudl Azeez","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_237_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_237_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The unpredictable behavior of mentally ill patients is likely to impact nurses, who are faced with managing and caring for disruptive behavior. There hasn't been much research on nurses' job satisfaction when caring for mentally ill patients, so the current study aims to determine whether demographic factors impact how satisfied nurses are with their jobs at mental hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive correlational approach was used for the study's design. A modified version of the Mueller and McCloskey Satisfaction Scale (MMSS)1990 was sent to 230 registered nurses, using a self-administered questionnaire, and quota sampling technique was divided into three categories according to nurses' distribution in these hospitals. Descriptive and analytic statistics tests, including means and standard deviations, were calculated to provide an overview of the data and was used through SPSS V26\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on 203 usable answers, significant associations were found to exist between job satisfaction and demographic parameters such as age, marital status, number of years spent working as a psychiatric nurse, and the number of patients they serve daily.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The demographics of this group of nurses at Iraqi mental hospitals varied, but overall, the psychiatric nurses expressed at least some \"satisfaction\" with their work.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"784-788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Implementation of the Breastfeeding Education and Infant Care Program in the Virtual Platform on the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy of Primiparous Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Forogh Okhovat, Nooshin Yoshany, Shirin Okhovat, Zohreh Karimiankakolaki","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_13_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_13_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding (BF) self-efficacy is a key predictor of breastfeeding initiation and continuation. Although educational interventions can improve BF outcomes, evidence on the effectiveness of structured virtual BF and infant care education programs for primiparous mothers remains limited. This study evaluated the effect of a virtual BF and infant care education program on BF self-efficacy among primiparous mothers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, 108 primiparous mothers attending comprehensive health centers affiliated with Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were randomly assigned (1:1) to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received a 3-month virtual BF and newborn care education program consisting of 24 sessions, including peer experience-sharing, while the control group received routine care. Data were collected using the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale-short form (BSES-SF) and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline BSES-SF scores did not differ significantly between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.20). Following the intervention, BF self-efficacy scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Within-group analysis showed a significant increase in BSES-SF scores in the intervention group (<i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas no significant change was observed in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A structured virtual BF and infant care education program incorporating individualized support and peer experience-sharing significantly improved BF self-efficacy among primiparous mothers. Integrating such programs into community health services may enhance BF practices and maternal and neonatal health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"916-921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Participation in the Care of Hospitalized Elderly Patients: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Maryam Ahmadi, Farahnaz Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi, Mohammadali Hosseini, Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_285_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_285_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family participation in care is crucial for hospitalized elderly patients. This study aims to identify the definitions, prerequisites, and consequences of family participation in the care of hospitalized elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was utilized. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception until 2022 to address the following questions: What are the prerequisites, facilitators, barriers, and consequences of family member involvement in the care of hospitalized elderly patients?</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1804 search results, 19 articles were included: 7 (37%) descriptive designs, 2 (10.50%) mixed-method designs, 8 (42%) qualitative designs, and 2 (10.50%) review articles. The included studies were conducted in USA (n = 3), Saudi Arabia (n = 1), Finland (n = 6), the Netherlands (n = 1), France (n = 1), Australia (n = 3), Norway (n = 1), Iran (n = 2), and Brazil (n = 1). The analysis identified three key components of family involvement: (i) characteristics, (ii) antecedents (categorized into facilitators and inhibitors), and (iii) consequences (categorized into patient, family, and system consequences).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study indicates that various factors facilitate and hinder family participation in the care of hospitalized elderly patients. When implemented correctly, family involvement can yield positive outcomes for patients, families, and healthcare systems. This knowledge can enhance healthcare providers' understanding and encourage the implementation of family participation. Furthermore, this study provides a foundation for future research to develop interventions based on the multiple dimensions described.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"773-783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Teach-Back Education Method on the Self-Efficacy of Foot Wound Care in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: An Interventional Study.","authors":"Kimia Molodi, Kaveh Bahmanpour, Fateme Rafiei, Mokhtar Mahmoudi","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_212_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_212_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Efforts to improve self-efficacy in patients with diabetes can play an effective role in improving treatment outcomes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of teach-back education on patients' self-efficacy in diabetic foot ulcer care.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this quasi experimental study, 54 patients with diabetic foot ulcers referred to the diabetes clinic in the city of Saghez City, Iran, in 2023 were selected by a convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, teach-back education was implemented in four 45-minute sessions according to a structured program. The Diabetic Foot Care Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure self-efficacy before and 30 days after the intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results, the intervention and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics and levels of self-efficacy before the intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, after the intervention, the self-efficacy level for diabetic foot ulcer care increased in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, the mean difference in self-efficacy score was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study showed that the teach-back educational method can increase self-efficacy for diabetic foot ulcer care among patients. Therefore, it is recommended to use teach-back education in the educational programs of medical centers to improve the self-efficacy of patients with diabetic foot ulcers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"811-818"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Logotherapy-Based Program on Distress Tolerance in Patients with a History of Attempted Suicide.","authors":"Mahgol Nasr-Esfahani, Sima Ghezelbash, Mohammad Akbari","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_370_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_370_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is one of the global problems of public health, which is usually attempted at critical times, impulsively. Besides the main approaches to managing suicidal thoughts, cognitive behavioral therapy and logotherapy could also be used. literature review showed that no study had examined the effect of logotherapy on patients with a history of attempted suicide. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of a logotherapy-based program on distress tolerance in attempted suicide patients in 2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study was a three-stage (before, immediately, and 1 month after) controlled clinical trial, which was conducted on 70 attempted suicide patients who were hospitalized at Farabi and Khorshid hospitals of Isfahan, Iran, during 2023. Participants were selected using simple sampling and randomly allocated into control and intervention groups, each containing 35 participants. Six sessions of logotherapy-based program were held for the intervention group, three times per week. Data gathering tools were demographic characteristics form and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant Time × Group interaction emerged (F (1.41, 95.80) = 307.46, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Post-hoc tests confirmed significant increases in distress tolerance from baseline to post-test and follow-up in the intervention group (both <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no significant changes in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the effect of the logotherapy-based program on the improvement of distress tolerance in attempted suicide patients, it is recommended that logotherapy be used for the treatment of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"892-899"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Spiritual Care Program on the Spiritual Health of Patients with Thalassemia Major: A Clinical Trial.","authors":"Marieh Khorshidi, Masoud Bahrami, Seyed Rohollah Mosavizadeh, Seyyed Abbas Hosseini","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_47_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_47_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the context of chronic illnesses, spiritual health holds significant importance as a component of overall health. This study aimed to assess the influence of a spiritual care program on the spiritual health of individuals diagnosed with thalassemia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The quasiexperimental research design involved 2 groups and used a preintervention and postintervention approach. The study was conducted in 2022 at Omid Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, with participants randomly allocated to either the experimental group (<i>n</i> = 32) or the control group (<i>n</i> = 32). Data collection involved the use of a demographic characteristics form and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). The spiritual care program comprised 6 sessions focusing on 4 key domains: individuals' relationships with God, themselves, others, and the environment. Data analysis involved Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent <i>t</i>-test, and paired <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that before the program implementation; there was no significant difference in the average spiritual health scores between the test and control groups. However, after the intervention, the average spiritual health score in the experimental group (76.69) exhibited a notable increase compared with the control group's average score (66.47). These findings suggested that the intervention positively affected spiritual health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consequently, the implementation of a spiritual care program to bolster spiritual well-being as a means of enhancing quality of life (QOL) is deemed essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"796-802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Practice, and Misconceptions of Patients with COVID-19: Results from the Isfahan COVID Cohort Study.","authors":"Parham Mortazavi, Fahimeh Bagherikholenjani, Shahla Shahidi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Maedeh Sayyah, Marzieh Taheri, Shima Nasirian, Nizal Sarrafzadegan","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_375_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_375_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research is scarce on how education and socioeconomic status (SES) affect COVID-19 practices in Iran. This study aims to examine the levels of knowledge, adherence to personal hygiene practices, and prevalence of misconceptions among COVID-19 patients in Isfahan, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the Isfahan COVID Cohort, a longitudinal study of 4328 participants with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Data collection included demographics, SES, medical history, and knowledge and practice (KP), using a researcher-made questionnaire. SES was assessed via standardized questionnaires, while KP were evaluated through a two-part questionnaire, with scores calculated based on adherence to official guidelines. Statistical analysis involved <i>t</i>-tests, analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4328 patients were enrolled in the study. Regarding COVID-19 knowledge, participants scored 70.59 (16.98) (out of 100). In the pre-COVID practice assessment, the total score was 49.37 (14.13). Post-COVID practice scores were notably high (80.25 (16.91)). There was a significant relationship between practice score and gender, age, marital status, SES, and the presence of underlying disease (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Participants with underlying diseases demonstrated significantly higher scores in all KP sections (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In the case of misconceptions, 46.70% believed handwashing was ineffective, 39.20% doubted surface disinfection's efficacy, 53.60% used garlic, onion, or ginger for prevention, and 71.50% regularly used Esfand and Anbarnesa smoke at home even after hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Continuous monitoring is crucial due to the evolving pandemic. Future research must examine these disparities to develop more effective preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 5","pages":"900-909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}