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Journal of Policy History最新文献

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Voters in a Foreign Land: Alien Suffrage in the United States, 1704–1926 外国选民：美国的外国人选举权，1704年-1926年
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030622000021
Alan H. Kennedy
{"title":"Voters in a Foreign Land: Alien Suffrage in the United States, 1704–1926","authors":"Alan H. Kennedy","doi":"10.1017/S0898030622000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030622000021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As early as 1704, noncitizen immigrants were legally allowed to vote in what would become the United States. By the end of the eighteenth century, noncitizens could legally vote in most states. State lawmakers offered the franchise as an incentive for white, male, Europeans of working age to migrate. However, rising immigration and nativism led states to reconsider alien suffrage, as noncitizen voting was known, and alien suffrage nearly disappeared by the 1840s. Revived by territorial expansion, demands for cheap labor, urbanization, racism, and sexism, alien suffrage expanded in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, peaking a century after the nation’s founding. However, resurgent nativism, wartime xenophobia, and corruption concerns pushed lawmakers to curtail noncitizen voting, and citizenship became a voting prerequisite in every state by 1926.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"34 1","pages":"245 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44576464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Politics of Clemency in the Early American Presidency: Power Inherited, Power Refashioned 美国早期总统任期的仁慈政治：权力继承，权力重塑
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030621000257
Bradley D. Hays
{"title":"The Politics of Clemency in the Early American Presidency: Power Inherited, Power Refashioned","authors":"Bradley D. Hays","doi":"10.1017/S0898030621000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030621000257","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents case studies of pardons in the presidencies of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson. In doing so, the article moves away from the idea in existing scholarship that pardons of the past were largely noble acts of statecraft, untouched by ideological, partisan, or personal political motivations. Instead, it develops an account of how and why these pardons should be understood as both enabling presidents to achieve certain political objectives and, simultaneously, operating in an inherited environment in which presidents used existing resources to legitimate their pardons. In so doing, presidents refashioned those inherited resources and, thereby, created new resources for future presidents. The picture that emerges is of pardons as both sources of political innovation and political constraint.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"34 1","pages":"91 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43757316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clandestine Networks and Closeted Bureaucrats: AIDS and the Forming of a Gay Policy Network in California 秘密网络和秘密官僚:艾滋病和加利福尼亚同性恋政策网络的形成
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030621000269
S. Colbrook
{"title":"Clandestine Networks and Closeted Bureaucrats: AIDS and the Forming of a Gay Policy Network in California","authors":"S. Colbrook","doi":"10.1017/S0898030621000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030621000269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Equating the U.S. government with the national government, historians of the AIDS epidemic have hitherto ignored the role of the states in shaping the early policy response to the disease. Responding to this historiographical lacuna, this article argues that California acted as a policy innovator during the initial years of the epidemic, intervening more effectively than the federal government in the areas of AIDS health care, antibody testing, and prevention education. California’s policy leadership drew significant impetus from a group of gay policy makers, who entered state employment in the early 1980s and relied extensively on clandestine and illicit strategies, particularly a network of “closeted” bureaucrats. Charting the career arcs of these gay policy makers shines a spotlight on the organizational growth of state LGBTQ groups in the 1980s and the evolving role of the “closet” in the modern gay rights movement.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"34 1","pages":"60 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48393409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
New Policy Elites and the Affordable Care Act: The Making of Long-Term Insiders 新政策精英与平价医疗法案：长期内幕人士的形成
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030621000245
W. Genieys, M. Darviche, Brent Epperson
{"title":"New Policy Elites and the Affordable Care Act: The Making of Long-Term Insiders","authors":"W. Genieys, M. Darviche, Brent Epperson","doi":"10.1017/S0898030621000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030621000245","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the career trajectories of new health policy elites in the American federal government, identifying areas of expertise, partisan alignments, relationships to interest groups, and institutional constraints. We demonstrate that, in both the American and French cases, policy elites who have risen through prestigious educational institutions and undertaken extensive professionalization in government, have in fact developed comparable characteristics that blend broad knowledge of social, institutional, and partisan issues with technical skills. We argue that, benefiting from extensive experience in the back offices of power, deeply entrenched in the health policy sector, and promoting a programmatic reform agenda that reaffirms the regulatory powers of government, the new American health policy elites worked behind the scenes to draft and implement the final ACA legislation. Their ambitious, far-reaching reform effort succeeded where many advocates of comprehensive reform had failed, anchoring the political and institutional framework of the U.S. health care system.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"34 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47073414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Understanding the Controversy: The Kerner Commission, The Harvest of American Racism, and the Dynamics of Incorporating Social Science with Public Policy 理解争议:克纳委员会，美国种族主义的收获，以及将社会科学与公共政策相结合的动态
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030621000233
Rick Loessberg
{"title":"Understanding the Controversy: The Kerner Commission, The Harvest of American Racism, and the Dynamics of Incorporating Social Science with Public Policy","authors":"Rick Loessberg","doi":"10.1017/S0898030621000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030621000233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Kerner Commission’s report is regarded as one of the nation’s most important works on race. However, the earlier rejection of an internal staff paper (“The Harvest of American Racism”) because it was “too radical” left a “gaping hole” in the Commission’s plans (“Harvest,” which sought to use social science to explain why only some cities encountered rioting, was to have been the report’s “core chapter”) and caused a staff split that threatened its work. Much has been written about the challenges of incorporating social science and public policy with references about them being in separate worlds with different languages, schedules, values, etc. This article examines to what extent any of these challenges was present as “Harvest” was being written and reviewed. It then seeks to determine what influence any complicating factor may have had and what, if anything, could have been done to produce a different outcome.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"34 1","pages":"116 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45594476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JPH volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Front matter JPH第34卷第1期封面和封面
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030621000294
{"title":"JPH volume 34 issue 1 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0898030621000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030621000294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"34 1","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41350583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race, Post-Reconstruction Politics, and the Birth of Federal Support for Black Colleges 种族、重建后的政治与联邦对黑人大学支持的诞生
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030621000270
Deondra Rose
{"title":"Race, Post-Reconstruction Politics, and the Birth of Federal Support for Black Colleges","authors":"Deondra Rose","doi":"10.1017/s0898030621000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030621000270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1890, Congress passed the Second Morrill Land-Grant Act, which provided federal resources to support the creation of nineteen Black land-grant colleges. At a historical and political moment when Black Americans faced a violently repressive backlash against what progress they had achieved during Reconstruction, the successful passage and implementation of this legislation was unlikely. How did congressional lawmakers successfully pass the Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1890, and was the expansion of educational opportunity for African Americans a clearly expressed objective? Using historical analysis of primary sources, this analysis suggests that the 1890 legislation’s investment in Black colleges reflected a politically expedient compromise between northern Radical Republicans who supported greater educational access for Black citizens and Southern Democrats who wished to expand higher educational opportunity in their region while also maintaining the segregated racial order of southern educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"34 1","pages":"25 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Membership, Mobilization, and Policy Adoption in the Gilded Age: The Case of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 镀金时代的成员、动员和政策采纳：以基督教女性禁酒联盟为例
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0898030621000166
Adam Chamberlain, Alixandra B. Yanus
{"title":"Membership, Mobilization, and Policy Adoption in the Gilded Age: The Case of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union","authors":"Adam Chamberlain, Alixandra B. Yanus","doi":"10.1017/S0898030621000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030621000166","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Relatively little is known about how late nineteenth-century associations worked to get their policy goals adopted by state governments. We study this question here, considering the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and three policies it supported: scientific temperance instruction, increasing the age of consent, and prohibiting tobacco sales to minors. Overall, WCTU-supported legislation was more likely to succeed in states with unified Republican state legislatures, aided by neighboring state adoptions (scientific temperance) and greater WCTU membership (increasing age of consent and prohibiting tobacco sales to minors). These findings are supported by historical evidence, which reveals how WCTU leadership targeted particular states when lobbying for scientific temperance instruction laws and utilized its broad membership base to pressure state legislatures on the other two issues. In total, these results show how one late nineteenth-century membership group was able to facilitate the successful spread of its policies throughout the nation.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"33 1","pages":"345 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44322201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Salvaging Marginalized Men: How the Department of Defense Waged the War on Poverty 救助被边缘化的男性：国防部如何向贫困宣战
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030621000178
John Worsencroft
{"title":"Salvaging Marginalized Men: How the Department of Defense Waged the War on Poverty","authors":"John Worsencroft","doi":"10.1017/s0898030621000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030621000178","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Architects of social welfare policy in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations viewed the military as a site for strengthening the male breadwinner as the head of the “traditional family.” Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Robert McNamara—men not often mentioned in the same conversations—both spoke of “salvaging” young men through military service. The Department of Defense created Project Transition, a vocational jobs-training program for GIs getting ready to leave the military, and Project 100,000, which lowered draft requirements in order to put men who were previously unqualified into the military. The Department of Defense also made significant moves to end housing discrimination in communities surrounding military installations. Policymakers were convinced that any extension of social welfare demanded reciprocal responsibility from its male citizens. During the longest peacetime draft in American history, policymakers viewed programs to expand civil rights and social welfare as also expanding the umbrella of the obligations of citizenship.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"33 1","pages":"373 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48469824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JPH volume 33 issue 4 Cover and Front matter JPH第33卷第4期封面和封面
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s089803062100021x
{"title":"JPH volume 33 issue 4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s089803062100021x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s089803062100021x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":" ","pages":"f1 - f4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48465609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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