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“Granting” Justice, Debating Delinquency: The Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act and the UNC Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime, 1961–1967 "给予 "正义，辩论犯罪：少年犯罪和青少年犯罪控制法》和联合国大学少年犯罪和青少年犯罪培训中心，1961-1967 年
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000258
Julia Short
{"title":"“Granting” Justice, Debating Delinquency: The Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act and the UNC Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime, 1961–1967","authors":"Julia Short","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000258","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that 1961 to 1967 was a critical period when federal, state, and academic institutions looked with hope toward emerging methods in behavioral and social psychology to train juvenile justice officials and to treat delinquent children. Reflecting liberal optimism regarding the possibility of reforming individual behavior without structural change, the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act of 1961 provided project funding to cities, nonprofits, and universities. Using the University of North Carolina’s Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime as a case study, this article examines how federal funding was used for “experiments” with group therapy, youth incarceration, and cocreation of juvenile justice. Though largely inconclusive, these experiments demonstrated the existence of alternatives to the hyperinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders that accelerated after the Supreme Court’s 1967 decision of <jats:italic>In re Gault.</jats:italic>","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Most Iniquitous Lobby: The Committee for Constitutional Government and the Shaping of American Politics, 1937–1955 无处不在的游说团体宪政委员会与美国政治的形成，1937-1955 年
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000301
Alex McPhee-Browne
{"title":"The Most Iniquitous Lobby: The Committee for Constitutional Government and the Shaping of American Politics, 1937–1955","authors":"Alex McPhee-Browne","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000301","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Committee for Constitutional Government, a conservative organization that spearheaded a novel form of mass-based mobilization and direct-mail propaganda to counter New Deal reforms from 1937 to the late 1950s. I argue that the members of the committee offered a supple and variegated response to New Deal liberalism, one with deep roots in the American past. Organizationally, the committee differed from other conservative groups of the period in the vastly greater reach of its propaganda, the small-donor financial base of its operations, and its extensive cultivation of a grassroots movement committed to right-wing reform. The committee was a critical political actor from 1937 to 1955, systematically shaping legislation and countering the trend toward social democracy in America. The ultimate result of its campaigns was to retard the growth of the administrative state and help formulate a cogent conservative critique of reformist liberalism.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identity Politics within Kentucky’s Civil Service and the Growth of the Bureaucratic State 肯塔基州公务员制度中的身份政治与官僚国家的发展
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000325
James Larry Hood
{"title":"Identity Politics within Kentucky’s Civil Service and the Growth of the Bureaucratic State","authors":"James Larry Hood","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000325","url":null,"abstract":"For five decades now the various levels of government in the United States, through the use of affirmative action and diversity policies, have sought a more racially and gender-wise equitable society with respect to equal employment opportunity. Governments established hiring goals for women and racial minorities. Goals became quotas as state and local governments (and private employers) that were dependent on federal money made certain that goals produced desired results by preferring people based on their race or gender. This article is a case study of how the Commonwealth’s welfare cabinet over two decades ago used long-standing civil service regulations and policies to pursue preferential employment practices while conterminously pursuing greater societal equity by reducing governmental oversight of welfare programs. All this foreshadowed President Biden’s iteration of affirmative action—federal equity directives regarding employment preferences and greater conditions of equality. After the events described herein, Democratic Kentucky transformed itself into a Republican state.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Deal for Wine 葡萄酒新政
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000337
Kathryn Olmsted, Eric Rauchway
{"title":"A New Deal for Wine","authors":"Kathryn Olmsted, Eric Rauchway","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000337","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, scholars hold that the government’s principal contribution to the California wine industry’s recovery from Prohibition in the 1930s was to get out of the way, freeing entrepreneurs to conduct business properly; according to this interpretation, the United States only taxed the product and impeded progress. But this article argues that in the areas of regulation, promotion, and protection of the wine industry, the federal government provided a framework for California winemakers to succeed and that, moreover, it often did so at their request and in cooperation with them. Though New Deal laws and regulations did not benefit all stakeholders equally, they did work to bring economic recovery to an industry that suffered from both Prohibition and the Depression.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mobilizing for the Mind: Veteran Activism and the National Mental Health Act of 1946 为心灵而动员：退伍军人行动主义与 1946 年国家心理健康法案
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000374
JORDEN PITT
{"title":"Mobilizing for the Mind: Veteran Activism and the National Mental Health Act of 1946","authors":"JORDEN PITT","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000374","url":null,"abstract":"Within a year of World War II’s end, the United States federal government passed the National Mental Health Act of 1946. This bill was the country’s first significant foray into the realm of psychological health. Many studies have examined the act and its legacy, including the creation of the National Institute of Mental Health. Fewer studies, however, have investigated the significant roles of veterans and veterans’ organizations in the passage of this legislation. This essay delves into these various roles and argues that veterans, from various professional backgrounds, united by creating strategic arguments to lobby for this act. Their motivations ranged from the desire to destigmatize mental health issues to discovering methods for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric problems among American society. Ultimately, these veterans helped the nation revolutionize its approach to mental health policy and paved the way for future servicemembers to take a stand and become political actors.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JPH volume 36 issue 2 Cover and Front matter JPH 第 36 卷第 2 期封面和封底
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030624000010
{"title":"JPH volume 36 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0898030624000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030624000010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bringing the Constituents Back In: The Politics of Social Security in the 1950s 让选民回归：20 世纪 50 年代的社会保障政治
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000350
ERIC S. YELLIN
{"title":"Bringing the Constituents Back In: The Politics of Social Security in the 1950s","authors":"ERIC S. YELLIN","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000350","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that scholars’ current understanding of Social Security policy making in the 1950s is missing a crucial component: massive letter-writing campaigns by ordinary Americans. Americans’ letters to Congress—and the responses of members and their aides in public debates and constituent correspondence—reflect a more vibrant, more democratic, and messier policy-making process than scholars have previously recognized. In the 1950s, Congress voted to amend the Social Security Act of 1935 repeatedly, expanding both the number of occupations covered by the Old Age and Survivors Insurance program and the level of benefits individuals received. Scholars have depicted this expansion as the work of planners within the Social Security bureaucracy. Yet, the letters in congressional records reveal that the process of amending Social Security resulted from—and helped create—constituencies of Americans who felt entitled to make claims on the federal state apparatus.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civic Republicanism, Liberty, and Police: The Roots of Modern English Policing 公民共和主义、自由与警察：现代英国警务的根源
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000386
J. ROBERT DALEIDEN
{"title":"Civic Republicanism, Liberty, and Police: The Roots of Modern English Policing","authors":"J. ROBERT DALEIDEN","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000386","url":null,"abstract":"Modern English policing arose from crime, laws, and demands for social order, but this perspective further introduces matters of philosophy that ties political liberty to political economy as being less recognized but equally powerful contributors. Shown here is how civic republican political economy (1600–1750) policing lost favor to laissez-faire utilitarian preferences (1750–1829) and helped produce more civic democratic policing. Through this perspective, it shows that Sir Robert Peel’s 1829 police were really centuries in the making.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking the American Industrial Policy Debate: The Political Significance of a Losing Idea 反思美国工业政策辩论：一个失败理念的政治意义
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000362
TOM WRAIGHT
{"title":"Rethinking the American Industrial Policy Debate: The Political Significance of a Losing Idea","authors":"TOM WRAIGHT","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000362","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 1980s “industrial policy” seemed to be emerging as the American left’s answer to supply-side economics. Yet soon after, supply-side economics was triumphant and industrial policy back in the political wilderness. This article investigates why the American left rejected industrial policy in the 1980s but appears to be reembracing it under the Biden administration. Via reviewing the history of the industrial policy debate, I argue that the American left rejected industrial policy proposals for several reasons including disunity within the Democratic party coalition, the growing strength of the venture capital industry, and the perceived incompatibility of industrial policy with American political institutions. Despite the defeat of industrial policy movement in the 1980s, however, I argue that a process of adaptation and reworking during the Clinton administration allowed industrial policy ideas to survive in “hibernation,” ultimately reemerging in the changed policy environment which followed the 2008 financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140153562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evading Capture: U.S. Army Engineers and Railroad Policy, 1827–1853 逃避追捕：美国陆军工程师与铁路政策，1827-1853 年
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000088
ROBERT KAMINSKI
{"title":"Evading Capture: U.S. Army Engineers and Railroad Policy, 1827–1853","authors":"ROBERT KAMINSKI","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Until 1838 the U.S. government lent railroads Army engineers to survey routes. Though not strictly regulators, these army engineers would consequently face powerful versions of the incentives that make regulatory capture a pervasive problem—including an intensified “revolving door,” the opportunity for institutional empire building, and a fertile ground for cognitive capture. Nevertheless, engineering officers would push to abolish federal railroad aid, succeeding by 1838. This article argues that they turned against railroad aid when the nation’s growing rail network revitalized long-standing republican hopes of replacing standing armies and fortifications with floating batteries and militias. Though this scheme was strategically quixotic, Jacksonian populism and fiscal retrenchment during the Panic of 1837 combined with the transportation revolution to make it appear a credible threat to the Corps’s institutional raison d’être—building coastal fortifications. Engineers thus turned against railroad aid to protect their core competency, highlighting underappreciated tensions between institutional and industry interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138629281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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