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Journal of Policy History最新文献

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Clearing the Bench: The Perils of Appointing Politicians to the Cabinet 清理职位：任命政客进入内阁的危险
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000064
JONATHAN SPIEGLER, JACOB F. H. SMITH, AIDAN LOVELY
{"title":"Clearing the Bench: The Perils of Appointing Politicians to the Cabinet","authors":"JONATHAN SPIEGLER, JACOB F. H. SMITH, AIDAN LOVELY","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article provides an analysis of the potential danger to a president’s policy agenda that comes from appointing a sitting elected official to the cabinet. We present historical data on cabinet secretaries since the founding and demonstrate that concerns about seats falling to the other party following the appointment of an elected official to the cabinet date back at least to Martin Van Buren’s establishment of the first American mass political party in 1828. We then focus on the post-Seventeenth Amendment cabinet and show that almost 30 percent of cabinet secretaries in this era who were elected officials at the time of their appointment left seats that flipped to the other party by the next regular general election. We conclude by discussing how our results compare with Alexander Hamilton, Martin Van Buren, and Woodrow Wilson’s differing views on the cabinet and the implications for the president’s policy agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138629168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Desegregation is Not a Black and White Issue: Latino Advocacy for Equal Schooling before and after Brown 取消种族隔离不是一个非黑即白的问题：布朗案前后拉丁裔对平等入学的倡导
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000271
LORRIN THOMAS
{"title":"Desegregation is Not a Black and White Issue: Latino Advocacy for Equal Schooling before and after Brown","authors":"LORRIN THOMAS","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article argues for the importance of reframing the history of school desegregation in the United States beyond Black and white and beyond the regional frames through which this history has been interpreted. In Western states, most Latino children attended schools segregated not by law but by custom starting in the early twentieth century; Latino students also encountered de facto segregation in the Eastern and Midwestern cities with large Puerto Rican populations by the 1950s. Parents, students, advocates, and activists protested the inequality of educational outcomes for Latino children over many decades, developing distinctive strategies to address the combination of racial and language-based discrimination faced by Latino students. Yet, because they were marginalized in political debates in the 1960s and 1970s and because most national-level historical scholarship on school desegregation focuses on Black and white participants, Latinos’ role in this aspect of our national civil rights history has remained obscured.</p>","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138629277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“A Mission Without Precedent”: The Rise and Fall of the Office of Economic Opportunity, 1964–1981 "没有先例的使命"：经济机会办公室的兴衰，1964-1981 年
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000313
RYAN LAROCHELLE
{"title":"“A Mission Without Precedent”: The Rise and Fall of the Office of Economic Opportunity, 1964–1981","authors":"RYAN LAROCHELLE","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article traces the history of the Office of Economic Opportunity/Community Services Administration, focusing on Richard Nixon’s failed attempt to dismantle it in 1973 and Ronald Reagan’s successful effort in 1981. I explore main two main questions: Why was Reagan able to succeed when Nixon had failed? and What does the dismantling of the agency reveal about the development of American conservatism in the 1970s and 1980s? Drawing on original archival materials, I argue that the Reagan administration learned from Nixon’s failures and adopted a more professional, managerial stance when it dismantled the agency in 1981. In addition, recent work in history and political science has explored how the multiracial democratic vision articulated by LBJ’s Great Society helped fuel the modern conservative movement. By focusing on the long-term opposition against OEO/CSA, this article provides new insights into how conservatives articulated an alternative ideology to postwar liberalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138629154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oscar DePriest and Black Agency in American Politics, 1928–1934 奥斯卡-德普利斯特和美国政治中的黑人代理，1928-1934 年
IF 0.2 4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000040
GREYSON TEAGUE
{"title":"Oscar DePriest and Black Agency in American Politics, 1928–1934","authors":"GREYSON TEAGUE","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, much of the literature surrounding Black politics in the 1920s and 1930s understates the role that Black citizens and politicians played in challenging Jim Crow and white supremacy at the national level. Instead, different factors like the “cage” that white Southerners placed on Civil Rights legislation or the influence that New Deal programs had on electoral decisions in the Black community. After realignment, Black Americans and their allies were then able to launch more effective challenges against white supremacy. Although these narratives contain much explanatory power, oftentimes they overlook critical aspects of Black politics during this period that complicate this narrative. Examining the career of Oscar DePriest, the first Black congressman elected in the twentieth Century, this article argues that Black citizens and their representatives were able to explicitly affect politics at the local, state, and federal levels through DePriest’s career prior to realignment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138629172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Free Speech Viet Nam through the War on Terror 越南在反恐战争中的言论自由
4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000192
WILLIAM G. MONTGOMERY
{"title":"Free Speech Viet Nam through the War on Terror","authors":"WILLIAM G. MONTGOMERY","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the decades immediately following the Vietnam War, there were no significant conflicts with free speech resulting from major policy or military action. In contrast, the global war on terror following the events of September 11, 2001, mirror in many ways where prior conflicts and government action clashed with Free Speech. Forty-five days after the worst attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor, Congress enacted the USA PATRIOT Act. In the months and years that followed, American forces fought abroad and opponents of and advocates for the Act fought at home. This article will review the implementation of the Patriot Act and two provisions, section 215 and 805, to follow the actions of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the federal government and those of civil liberties advocacy groups to review America’s efforts to meet the challenges of providing security for the homeland and protecting Free Speech.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Liberty of Conscience is Every Man’s Natural Right”: Historical Background of the First Amendment “信仰自由是每个人的自然权利”:第一修正案的历史背景
4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000234
JONATHAN BARTH
{"title":"“Liberty of Conscience is Every Man’s Natural Right”: Historical Background of the First Amendment","authors":"JONATHAN BARTH","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000234","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Liberty of conscience, encompassing free speech, a free press, and freedom of religion, has a rich history in Anglo-American political thought, long predating the drafting of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1789. The debate over licensing acts in seventeenth-century England; the advancement of principles of toleration by John Milton, Algernon Sidney, and John Locke in the same period; the renowned, impassioned, and highly influential essays of John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon in Cato’s Letters; the flourishing of a relatively free press and free church in eighteenth-century colonial America; and the liberty-championing assertions in the several declarations of rights in the newly independent states of America all played a critical role in shaping and inspiring the popular views in America that made the First Amendment possible.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Free Speech and World War II 言论自由与第二次世界大战
4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000246
GEOFFREY R. STONE
{"title":"Free Speech and World War II","authors":"GEOFFREY R. STONE","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a history of free speech in wartime in the United States from the end of World War I to the end of World War II.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Republic Goes to War: Federalists, Republicans, and Foreign Influence 一个共和国走向战争:联邦党人、共和党人和外国影响
4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000209
TERRI DIANE HALPERIN
{"title":"A Republic Goes to War: Federalists, Republicans, and Foreign Influence","authors":"TERRI DIANE HALPERIN","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000209","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 1790s, the United States faced a series of crises—both domestic and foreign—which many believed threatened the nation’s very existence. These culminated in the Quasi-War with France beginning in 1796. The Federalist majority identified the greatest threats to the Republic as foreigners and their willing or unwitting American allies. Thus, they enacted the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798 and other laws to allay these threats. Throughout the ensuing debates, Federalists emphasized the dangers of foreign nations who sought to separate the American people from their government. Republicans challenged Federalists’ fears as overblown and defined the real threat as the Federalists themselves who justified the expansion of the general government’s power and the infringement of individual rights in the name of national security. Americans engaged in their first debate about the meaning and limits of liberty and security.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributors 贡献者
4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000295
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000295","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
JPH volume 35 issue 4 Cover and Front matter JPH第35卷第4期封面和封面问题
4区 历史学
Journal of Policy History Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0898030623000283
{"title":"JPH volume 35 issue 4 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0898030623000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0898030623000283","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":44803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy History","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136309215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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