IEEE Sensors Journal最新文献

{"title":"An Analytic Quantification Method of Matching Accuracy Based on Particle Filter in Gravity-Assisted Inertial Navigation","authors":"Bo Wang;Zihan Zhang;Zhihong Deng;Mengyin Fu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557902","url":null,"abstract":"Gravity-aided inertial navigation system (GAINS) represents a crucial advancement in underwater navigation. And the matching areas selection algorithm is one of the key techniques. Different from previous researches, estimated overall matching biases (EOMBs), new indexes for matching area selection, are proposed, and consider the matching accuracy to be the capability of system rather than the feature of gravity anomaly map itself. The key factors affecting EOMBs are analyzed, such as gyro drifts, accelerometer biases, velocity, initial positioning errors, overall standard deviation of gravity anomaly observations, and so on. Taking these conditions as a prior information, the method to calculate EOMBs, which are able to quantify gravity-matching precision based on particle filter (PF), is proposed. The simulation results and practical tests show that the proposed method can select matching areas more accurately and efficiently than conventional algorithms. And the threshold is easy to set because it is directly related to matching accuracy.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"18543-18552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable Dynamic Range HDR Imaging With LED-Flicker and Motion Artifact Mitigation Using a Four-Tap CMOS Image Sensor","authors":"Yu Feng;Keiichiro Kagawa;Kamel Mars;Keita Yasutomi;Shoji Kawahito","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557801","url":null,"abstract":"Multitap complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors offer the capability of programmable exposure patterns. This article proposes a method to extend the dynamic range (DR) by changing the duty cycle of the exposure for each tap. Unlike the overflow method, the proposed approach does not require any large in-pixel capacitance. It also allows for DR adjustment during operation, similar to the multiexposure method while significantly reducing motion artifacts and light-emitting diode (LED) flicker. The maximum DR of the proposed method is determined by factors such as reset noise, read noise, and shutter efficiency of the sensor. In this work, we demonstrated the extension of the DR up to 110.1 dB with a four-tap ToF CMOS image sensor (CIS).","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"18302-18311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10962305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Port and High-Sensitivity Angular Displacement Sensor Based on a Microwave Quarter-Wavelength Resonator","authors":"Víctor-Manuel Cante-Saloma;Jose-Luis Olvera-Cervantes;Margarita Tecpoyotl-Torres;Alonso Corona-Chavez","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557969","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a high-sensitivity angular displacement sensor using microstrip technology. The sensor configuration includes a stator that incorporates a quarter-wavelength angular segment, which is short-circuited through a via-hole. The rotor is designed as a transmission line, precisely aligning with the stator’s angular segment to ensure optimal interaction. This article provides a comprehensive description of the design methodology and presents the equivalent electrical circuit. In addition, detailed simulation and measurement results are included. To ensure accuracy, the sensor underwent multiple measurements, which were statistically analyzed. The sensor achieves a dynamic range (DR) of 160°, exhibiting excellent linearity across this range and a high sensitivity of 4.7 MHz/°. It also demonstrates a resolution of 2° and maintains precision for each indicated angle, with an average standard deviation of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.243times {10}^{-{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz. Due to its single-port design, this sensor is particularly well-suited for seamless integration as a sensor node within wireless sensor networks (WSNs).","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"16991-16997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cladding Corrosion Dumbbell-Shaped Structure Incorporating Eccentric Heterogeneous Fiber Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Curvature","authors":"Yongxiang Zhang;Gen Li;Jiahao Zhou;Xinghu Fu;Wa Jin;Guangwei Fu;Weihong Bi","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557868","url":null,"abstract":"A cladding corrosion dumbbell-shaped structure incorporating eccentric heterogeneous fiber (EHF) for simultaneous measurement of temperature and curvature is proposed. The cascaded structure of the sensor is a single-mode fiber (SMF)–EHF-SMF, in which a spherical structure is made at both end of the SMF, and the overall structure of the sensor is a dumbbell-shaped structure. When the temperature and curvature change, the length and refractive index of the optical fiber will vary due to thermal and elastic optical effects. By leveraging the corresponding functional relationships and the coefficient matrix method, the dual-parameter matrix equation for temperature and curvature in the sensor can be derived. Due to the characteristics of EHF, the bending direction and effective refractive index difference are different, allowing for directional discrimination. The experimental results show that within the range of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C–<inline-formula> <tex-math>$90~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, as the temperature increases, the transmission spectrum of the sensor exhibits a red shift phenomenon, with the highest temperature sensitivity reaching 123.3 pm/°C; in the range of 0–0.73 m<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the maximum curvature sensitivity in the x-, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$- {x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, and y-directions can reach 13.16 nm/m<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, based on the experimental results, the dual-parameter sensing matrix equations in the x, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$- {x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and y-directions are obtained. This sensor can achieve curvature and temperature measurement in three different directions and has great potential in the field of dual-parameter sensing. It lays a certain foundation for vector fiber optic sensors and has good research significance.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"17175-17183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Fiber Grating Pressure Sensor Based on Flexible Composite Structure","authors":"Xiuwen Hong;Xinglin Tong;Qiang Zou;Zerong Liu;Jia Wen","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557923","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid increase in the number of knee replacement surgeries, how to reduce the incidence of intraoperative soft tissue imbalance has become a key issue that needs to be addressed. At present, the assessment of the soft tissue balance of the knee joint mainly relies on the personal experience and subjective judgment of the surgeon, and reliability and stability are often difficult to ensure. In order to meet the needs of knee joint pressure monitoring, a fiber grating pressure sensor based on a flexible composite structure package is developed. First, the physiological structure of the knee joint and the sensing theory of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are introduced. Subsequently, the finite element software is used to mechanically simulate the pressure-bearing process of the sensor. Finally, the pressure calibration experiment of the sensor is completed. The results show that the pressure measurement range of the sensor is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0sim 100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> N, the pressure sensitivity is 0.0068 nm/N, and the linearity <inline-formula> <tex-math>${R} ^{{2}} gt 0.99$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which meets the requirements of knee joint pressure monitoring. The results of this article also provide insights into the application of FBGs in soft tissue balance measurement of the knee joint.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"17192-17198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Detectability of SARS-CoV-2 Using Sandwich Immunoassay Sensor Based on Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating With Strong Cladding Mode Resonances","authors":"Waldo Udos;Soon Hao Tan;Kok-Sing Lim;Kien Chai Ong;May Lee Low;Heming Wei;Harith Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557870","url":null,"abstract":"This research introduces a method for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizing tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) with strong cladding mode resonances (~30 dB). The biofunctionalization treatment involves a series of surface biofunctionalizations, including the incorporation of an enhancer layer with avidin-biotin complex (ABC) to enhance the output response of the biosensor. The parameters studied include cutoff intensity change and wavelength shift of the lower envelope of the transmission spectra. For cutoff intensity change, the sensitivity of the biosensor improves by ~39.96%, and the limit of detection (LOD) decreases by ~56.94%. For wavelength shift, the sensitivity increases by ~48.96%, while the LOD is reduced by ~64.26%. Specificity tests, including those with non-SARS-CoV-2 samples, have been carried out to showcase the strong performance of the biosensor. In addition, control tests have been conducted to validate the biosensor’s reliability.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"17184-17191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional Landslide Displacement Sensor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator","authors":"Zexu Zuo;Chuan Wu;Yongquan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557797","url":null,"abstract":"Displacement is an important parameter for landslide disaster monitoring. Addressing the limitations of the existing landslide displacement sensors that rely on battery or solar power, this study proposes a self-powered rolling multifunctional landslide displacement sensor based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This sensor can simultaneously measure the displacement and velocity of landslides and can operate stably in environmental temperatures of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C–<inline-formula> <tex-math>$80~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C and relative humidity of 5%–95%. The experimental results show that the sensor has a displacement measurement range of 0–24.4 mm, a velocity measurement range of 0–1 mm/s, a minimum resolution of 0.4 mm, and a measurement error of less than 3%. Furthermore, the sensor has self-powered capabilities, with a maximum output power of 32.5 nW when connected to a 25-M<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load. Compared to traditional sensors, this self-powered characteristic makes it more suitable for field landslide monitoring applications.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"16856-16863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PLC-MDT: A Framework for Detecting Anomalies With Digital Twins of Industrial Control Systems","authors":"Zidong Xu;Zhenyong Zhang;Hetu Zheqiu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3555889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3555889","url":null,"abstract":"The attack events (such as the Stuxnet and BlackEnergy) that targeted the industrial control system (ICS) have validated its vulnerability to cyber intrusions. The prevention of ICS from cyberattacks is undoubtedly important and practical as it operates dangerous equipment and produces products that people need. Traditional anomaly detection methods, which rely heavily on SCADA data, are often unreliable due to the limitation of such data in accurately reflecting real-time system states under attacks. Therefore, we propose PLC-MDT, a novel anomaly detection method based on digital twins (DTs), exploiting the modern communication technology and computing resources of ICS. PLC-MDT does not depend solely on SCADA data; instead, it leverages the interaction between DT and real-world ICS, utilizing both DT and field-site data to perform anomaly detection. Specifically, for PLC-MDT, the prediction model in DT is trained based on historical data, and the predicted values are used as input to the mechanism model in DT to generate simulated data. The networked structure of ICS guarantees real-time data collected from field sites for DT. Therefore, PLC-MDT detects attacks by monitoring the difference between the predicted and real-time data, revealing control channel corruption when the difference exceeds a threshold. The effectiveness of PLC-MDT is demonstrated through experiments on real-world systems, showing its potential for real-time detection of anomalies in ICS.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"17739-17749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a High-Speed FBG Interrogation System and Investigation of the Dynamic Sensing Characteristics of Metal-Embedded Fiber High-Temperature Sensors","authors":"Xuemei Pan;Chenghao Cui;Longnan Wang;Feng Zhou;Hongbo Liu;Dali Chen;Chao Zhang;Hengchang Nong;Yang Xiao;Jie Li;Xiangning Wei;Qingquan Liang;Wenjie Xu;Tao Li;Zeting Zhang;Jinlong Lu;Yongjie Ouyang;Zhenrong Zhang;Yunyi Liu;Yang Yu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557464","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the requirements of high-speed interrogation and dynamic performance testing for metal-embedded fiber high-temperature sensors, this study developed a high-speed FBG interrogation system (HS-FBG-IS) based on a high-speed scanning light source interrogation method and an adaptive peak-finding algorithm. Using laser-heating dynamic calibration techniques, dynamic response calibration and sensing tests were performed on sensors with varying encapsulation materials and metallic coating thicknesses. Experimental results show that the proposed HS-FBG-IS achieves a wavelength Interrogation rate of up to 2 kHz and a resolution of 1 pm, meeting high-precision and high-speed interrogation requirements for complex dynamic temperature field applications, such as rapidly varying environments exemplified by engine combustion.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"17153-17163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution Tilt Sensor Based on Stripe-Shaped GaN Optoelectronics","authors":"Ganyuan Deng;Zhiyong Ye;Ruoyao Huang;Dongmiao Liu;Ling Zhu;Kwai Hei Li","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3557766","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advancement has driven a significant rise in the demand for compact sensing devices capable of detecting slight angle changes. This work introduces an optical tilt sensor for high-resolution tilt measurement. The GaN-on-sapphire device, with dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6times 1.5times 0.12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm2, comprises a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photodetector (PD) monolithically integrated within a single chip. The stripe-shaped device is flip-chip mounted on a printed circuit board and enclosed in an acrylic container with a size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$51times 10times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3, filled with silicone oil. The oil acts as a liquid pendulum, modulating the light that reaches the detector when the sensor is tilted. The experimental evaluation reveals that the GaN tilt sensor exhibits a linear response and a sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10.2~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>A/° within ±6°, achieving a high resolution of 0.0006° and fast response/recovery times of 85/83 ms. A control circuit incorporating a programmable microprocessor is implemented for wireless data transmission. These attractive attributes render the developed sensor a promising option for various high-resolution, real-time tilt sensing needs, and its potential for angle monitoring in different practical applications is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"25 10","pages":"16950-16956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}