{"title":"Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Highly Sensitive Hollow-Core Fiber Dopamine Sensor Using Dual-Recognition Strategy","authors":"Yangyang Xu;Xian Zhang;Xiao-Song Zhu;Yi-Wei Shi","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3473612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3473612","url":null,"abstract":"The dual recognition method has been applied extensively as an attractive strategy, which effectively improved the specificity of detection. Herein, a novel silver-coated hollow fiber (HF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a dual-recognition strategy for high-sensitivity detection of dopamine (DA) was presented. The 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (PMBA) monolayer was self-assembled on the silver film surface in the sensor as the recognition layer. Meanwhile, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA)-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were adopted as the signal amplification tag to enhance the wavelength shift of the SPR phenomenon excited by the light transmitted in the wall of the HF sensor. Experiments of detection for DA were taken in the concentration range of 0.1 nM–\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10~mu text { M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to investigate the performance of the biosensor. The influences of concentrations of palladium chloride (PdCl2) in pretreatment and the AuNPs size were investigated to improve the performance of the HF SPR sensor. The experimental results showed that the limit of detection (LOD) for DA achieved as low as 0.1 nM. The presented HF SPR sensor with a dual-recognition structure based on self-assembled recognition monolayer and AuNPs shows a large potential for the detection of small biomolecules in biosensing.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36923-36929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monopulse Electromagnetic Vortex Imaging Method by Multiplexing OAM Modes Based on Frequency Diversity","authors":"Zhengkuan Tan;Kang Liu;Hongyan Liu;Yang Yang;Yongqiang Cheng","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3473949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3473949","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, electromagnetic (EM) vortex imaging has emerged as a novel technique in the field of radar super-resolution imaging. This approach fundamentally differs from conventional methods by the relative lateral motion between the target and the platform. Although super-resolution azimuthal imaging can be achieved, different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes should be modulated in different signal pulses. In contrast, a new OAM modulation and monopulse imaging method is proposed in this article, which involves multiplexing OAM modes based on frequency diversity in one pulse and can considerably improve imaging efficiency. By introducing tiny frequency offsets among the elements of a uniform circular frequency diverse array (UC-FDA), the OAM multiplexing beams are generated. Subsequently, the EM vortex imaging model for the coherent UC-FDA is established, and the imaging method is proposed. The theoretical performance analyses of spatial azimuthal resolution and efficiency are derived. Finally, the results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits comparable imaging performance to the conventional EM vortex imaging method, even when only a single pulse is transmitted.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37061-37071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Zhao;Honglie Chen;Kun Yang;Haoyu Wang;Xing Guo;Yang Ge;Xiushan Dong;Shengbo Sang
{"title":"A Mechanical Competitive Immunosensor Based on Antibody@Fe₂O₃ Magnetic Bead for HSA Detection","authors":"Dong Zhao;Honglie Chen;Kun Yang;Haoyu Wang;Xing Guo;Yang Ge;Xiushan Dong;Shengbo Sang","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3460790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3460790","url":null,"abstract":"The application of competitive immunoassay brings many advantages to the detection of trace biomolecules and has the potential to be applied to urine-based clinical practice. However, this type of detection method has strict requirements for secondary antibody incubation processes and analysis equipment, leading to strong demands for convenient, rapid, and inexpensive detection platforms. In this study, a mechanical competitive immunosensor (MCI) was proposed for the detection of human serum albumin (HSA) based on goat anti-rabbit @Fe2O3 magnetic beads with magnetic sensitization. With the doping of Fe2O3, the conversion layer of MCI responds more accurately and rapidly to stress. In addition, goat anti-rabbit conjugated with animated Fe2O3 nanoparticles were introduced as secondary antibodies for signal amplification. Under the synergistic effect of the magnetic force of magnetic beads and the stress caused by the specific binding of antigen and antibody, the deformation of the film was amplified, which can effectively change the conductive pathway formed by doped carbon nanotubes, resulting in a larger output electric signal. Through competitive immunoassay for HSA, a limit of detection (LOD) of 68 ng/mL was achieved, which was an order of magnitude lower than direct detection methods. With high reproducibility and stability, MCI demonstrated effectiveness in the detection of HSA at a clinically significant concentration range (0.1–\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$50 ; mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000g/mL). Moreover, MCI showed excellent specificity and selectivity, which held promise to offer an alternative tool for clinical diagnosis of urine HSA levels in nephrotic patients.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36239-36246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10713885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Yang;Tiedong Xu;Deng Pan;Hanlin Guo;Shuwan Zhou;Yafen Cai;Xiangyan Kong
{"title":"Crosstalk Reduction for Mz/Mx Magnetometer Array","authors":"Kun Yang;Tiedong Xu;Deng Pan;Hanlin Guo;Shuwan Zhou;Yafen Cai;Xiangyan Kong","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3474214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3474214","url":null,"abstract":"Optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) array shows a promising future for magnetic source imaging (MSI) in the unshielded Earth’s environment, with applications in biomedical imaging and geophysical survey. However, for total-field OPMs in the Mz/Mx mode, radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields oscillating at different frequencies tend to cause crosstalk between adjacent sensors obviously. In this work, a scheme to reduce the RF magnetic field crosstalk between sensor units was investigated. First, the dependence of the Mz magnetometer sensitivity on the RF magnetic field and cell temperature was explored experimentally. To reduce the RF field, we optimized the cell temperature and set lower laser power. With the RF field set to 150 nT, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the absorption curve of magnetic resonance is 1.12 Hz under \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000T, which gives a magnetic resolution of 20 pT. Moreover, three types of coils consisting of the square Helmholtz coils, the biplanar X coils, and the biplanar Z coils have been deeply explored in terms of their stray fields. Compared to the other two kinds of coils, the stray field of biplanar Z coils drops more rapidly in the XOY-plane and the XOZ-plane. Specifically, the minimum spacing between adjacent sensors can be reduced from 23.87 to 10.10 cm if the RF magnetic field is generated by biplanar Z coils instead of the square Helmholtz coils, with crosstalk remaining below 0.1%.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36627-36635"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunhe Zhao;Mengying Hu;Ziyang Hua;Yan Jiang;Xin Wang;Mengjiao Ding;Yunqi Liu;Zuyuan He
{"title":"Potential Multiparameter Sensor Based on Thin-Cladding Fiber Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings","authors":"Yunhe Zhao;Mengying Hu;Ziyang Hua;Yan Jiang;Xin Wang;Mengjiao Ding;Yunqi Liu;Zuyuan He","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3474257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3474257","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we propose and demonstrate a potential multiparameter sensor based on helical long-period fiber gratings (HLPFGs) in thin-cladding fiber (TCF) using CO2 laser inscription. The fabricated TCF-HLPFGs with a grating period of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$132~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m and a short length of ~2 cm exhibit two distinct resonance dips (dip1 and dip2) in the transmission spectrum with large wavelength separation of 241.2 nm, corresponding to the coupling from fundamental core mode to the LP16 and LP17 cladding modes, respectively. Then, a comparative investigation of the bending, refractive index (RI), and temperature sensing based on both dual dips is demonstrated. Within the curvature range of 1.47–5.05 m\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, the bending sensitivity of −6.75 and 9.32 nm/m\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 could be achieved for dip1 and dip2, respectively. In surrounding RI (SRI) region of 1.3839–1.443, the sensitivities of dip1 and dip2 are measured to be −150.8 and −647.75 nm/RIU on wavelength and 31.93 and −200.77 dB/RIU on transmission depth, respectively. And the temperature sensitivities are 48 and 78 pm/°C, for dip1 and dip2, respectively. The results present that dip2 outperforms dip1 with higher sensitivities, due to the effect of higher order cladding modes. With the superior performance and good repeatability in the bending reaction of the proposed TCF-HLPFGs, the simultaneous measurement of bending and temperature could be achieved. Therefore, the proposed TCF-HLPFGs offer great potential in the field of multiparameter sensing measurement.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"36930-36936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasheng Chang;Sitong Yan;Jianwei Zhang;Wei Liu;Shize Yao
{"title":"A Machine Vision-Based Fiber Profile Image Recognition Method for Alignment of FBG Inscribing","authors":"Yasheng Chang;Sitong Yan;Jianwei Zhang;Wei Liu;Shize Yao","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3471868","url":null,"abstract":"The axial alignment of fiber core before fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription is time-consuming and laborious with naked eye, which requires autonomous alignment technology urgently. The image recognition and correction of optical fiber profiles are the primary breakthrough point and has been elevated to a more important position. This article employed a coaxial imaging device configured with an FBG inscribing system to obtain optical fiber images and proposed image recognition for alignment of FBG inscribing based on machine vision. First, a global image tilt detection algorithm based on improved Radon algorithm was proposed to detect horizontal tilt angle of fiber, and then, adaptive moment estimation (ADAM)-optimized U-Net was proposed to accurately segment the fiber core, achieving pixel accuracy of 98.82%. Finally, the coordinates of the midpoint of the fiber core were provided. Through this research, the strong technical support will be provided for the high flexibility, stability, and efficiency of FBG inscription, paving the road for the research of FBG automated inscription, and further serving the application of fiber optic sensing in a wider range of scenarios.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37557-37565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FML-Vit: A Lightweight Vision Transformer Algorithm for Human Activity Recognition Using FMCW Radar","authors":"Minhao Ding;Guangxin Dongye;Ping Lv;Yipeng Ding","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3473890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3473890","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, human activity recognition (HAR) using frequency module continuous wave (FMCW) radar is an effective tool that has been widely used in the fields of healthcare, smart driving, and smart living due to its convenience, inexpensiveness, and accuracy. Past studies have mainly investigated the improvement of the accuracy of HAR models while neglecting the deployment of the models. Therefore, we propose a model named FMCW lightweight vision transformer (FML-Vit) for HAR, primarily consisting of the FML-Vit block and FML-Vit subsample modules. The FML-Vit block, by incorporating a cascaded linear self-attention mechanism in place of the traditional multi-head attention mechanism, can transform the time complexity from \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${O}text {(} {k}^{{2}} text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${O}text {(}{k}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The FML-Vit subsampling modules perform dimension reduction and feature reallocation, while the context broadcasting (CB) module is used to reduce the density in the original attention maps, thereby increasing both the capacity and generalizability of the ViT. The proposed algorithm is compared with nine different state-of-the-art methods on self-datasets and open-source datasets. The results demonstrate that FML-Vit outperforms other current lightweight networks with the fastest inference.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"38518-38526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sarath;Rajendra P. Shukla;Chandan Yadav;Gopi Krishna Saramekala
{"title":"Analyzing Interface Trap Influence on Sensitivity, Noise, and Response Time in 2-D Material Field-Effect Transistor pH Sensors: A Theoretical Framework","authors":"S. Sarath;Rajendra P. Shukla;Chandan Yadav;Gopi Krishna Saramekala","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3472729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3472729","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluates the potential impact of interface traps on the interface of oxide and semiconductor on a 2-D-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) using a surface potential-based model and Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulation calibrated for pH sensing applications. The electrolyte/oxide interface in the proposed 2-D ISFET model is modeled using the Guoy-Chapman–Stern technique and the site binding association model. The baseline field-effect transistor (FET) of the ISFET is modeled using Fermi-Dirac statistics to obtain surface potential, which is further used to derive a compact drain current expression. The proposed ISFET model development is carried out by accounting for the interface trap effect. The voltage and current sensitivity of ISFET with and without interface traps are calculated to demonstrate the impact of interface traps in 2-D material-based pH sensors. It is observed that voltage sensitivity remains close to the Nernst limit (59 mV/pH), and a decrease in current sensitivity from 34 to 2 nA/pH is observed, as the density of interface traps is varied from 0 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${5}times {10} {^{{12}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000cm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{-}2 $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000eV\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{-}1 $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Another sensitivity metric, the transconductance to drain current ratio, is analyzed for its variation with changes in the density of interface traps. The noise level of ISFET in the presence of interface traps is analyzed, and its influence on the minimum resolvable pH is demonstrated. The proposed model prediction closely matches the TCAD simulation data obtained from a calibrated TCAD simulation setup. The model is suitable for implementation in Verilog-A for ISFET-based circuit simulation, and the impact of interface traps on the response time of ISFET-based circuits is also demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"37053-37060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilizing an Instance Segmentation Network Capable of Balancing Precision and Speed to Achieve Fine-Grained Vibration Displacement Measurement of Rotating Bodies","authors":"Feng Ding;Sen Wang;Chang Liu;Tao Liu;Xiaoqin Liu;Liying Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3472730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3472730","url":null,"abstract":"Visual sensor vibration measurement technology demonstrates significant potential in the field of rotating body condition monitoring. To address the issues of object detection’s inability to stably obtain the bounding box of rotating bodies over the long term and the semantic segmentation methods’ inability to distinguish multiple targets of the same category, the article proposes a refined measurement method that balances accuracy and speed. The method applies instance segmentation networks to vibration measurement, effectively resolving the confusion in distinguishing multiple targets of the same category. Furthermore, it integrates the backbone of the YOLO series network with MLPBlock through residual nesting to ensure detection speed while accurately extracting the features of rotating bodies. A feature pyramid network with dynamic computation weights is then constructed to achieve the fusion of rotating body information, thereby improving segmentation accuracy. Additionally, Concat channels and coordinate attention (CA) modules are introduced to enhance the saliency of rotating body features and improve localization accuracy. A high-speed industrial camera is used to build a vibration dataset to measure the vibration displacement of single and multiple targets. By comparing with existing algorithms, this article verifies the superior performance of the proposed method in vibration displacement measurement. Notably, in terms of the key evaluation metric normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), the proposed algorithm achieves outstanding results of 0.2203 and 0.1744 in the X and Y directions, respectively, for single-target vibration displacement measurement. Moreover, the displacement curves obtained by this method exhibit the highest fitting degree with the eddy current signal curves. In multitarget measurement scenarios, the algorithm achieves NRMSEs of 0.2807 and 0.2722 for the left and right rotors, respectively, effectively distinguishing multiple rotating bodies of the same category and demonstrating its effectiveness and applicability in multitarget measurement scenarios. This study not only effectively addresses the problems encountered in object detection and semantic segmentation algorithms but also improves the accuracy of vibration displacement measurement of rotating bodies.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"38492-38506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingpei Huang;Haotian Wang;Rongyu Gao;Jianhang Liu;Shibao Li
{"title":"A Category-Scalable Framework Using Millimeter-Wave Radar for Spectrogram Generation and Gesture Recognition","authors":"Tingpei Huang;Haotian Wang;Rongyu Gao;Jianhang Liu;Shibao Li","doi":"10.1109/JSEN.2024.3472065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3472065","url":null,"abstract":"In gesture recognition based on millimeter-wave radar, generating spectrograms is typically independent of the actual application and designed separately. In this case, the task is simply decoupled, resulting in the generated spectrograms from radar signals not being optimally suited for the recognition task. Additionally, the emergence of gesture categories representing new semantics requires the recollection of a large amount of high-quality labeled data and retraining of the model. To address these problems, we propose a radar-based category-scalable gesture recognition framework, R-CSGR, for gesture spectrogram generation and two-stage gesture recognition. Considering the noise and environmental factors, only gesture-related signals are extracted and aggregated in the Doppler and angle dimensions to form a location-independent, information-dense gesture spectrogram for the two-stage recognition. In the first stage, the reconstruction of spectrogram for the original categories is used as a self-supervised learning task to utilize low-cost unlabeled data. In the second stage, the classification layer based on the cosine nearest-centroid method is used to quickly recognize new gesture categories whereas maintaining the recognition capability of the original categories. The result shows that with the introduction of five new gesture categories and only eight shots per category in the support set, an average recognition accuracy of 96.88% is achieved for all nine gesture categories.","PeriodicalId":447,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","volume":"24 22","pages":"38479-38491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}