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Fronting in Old Catalan: Asymmetries between Narration and Reported Speech1 古加泰罗尼亚语中的前置：叙述和报告语音之间的不对称1
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12299
Afra Pujol i Campeny
{"title":"Fronting in Old Catalan: Asymmetries between Narration and Reported Speech1","authors":"Afra Pujol i Campeny","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12299","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the distribution, syntax, and information structure of XVS clauses in the narrative text and the reported speech of a thirteenth‐century Old Catalan chronicle, the <jats:italic>Llibre dels Fets</jats:italic>. It is shown that XVS occurs mainly within reported speech and in embedded clauses. This corresponds with the conservative nature of these syntactic domains (the former reproducing syntactic structures echoing epic literature, the latter being inherently conservative syntactically), while XVS is less frequent in narrative text, which, in this chronicle, is more innovative and closer to spoken language. The data presented demonstrate that by the thirteenth century, XVS constructions were mainly used to express verum focus within the scope of nonveridical operators and their use only connected with a structural V2 requirement que in conservative domains. This variation captures the loss of V2 in Old Catalan and the emergence of modern SVO grammar.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Valency‐Conditioned Allomorphy in the Verbal Agreement of the Takestani Dialect of Southern Tati 南塔提语塔克斯塔尼方言言语协议中的价位条件异构现象
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12300
Neda Taherkhani, Hossep Dolatian
{"title":"Valency‐Conditioned Allomorphy in the Verbal Agreement of the Takestani Dialect of Southern Tati","authors":"Neda Taherkhani, Hossep Dolatian","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12300","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the morphological structure of verbs in Takestani, an endangered Iranian dialect of Southern Tati. We analyse the effects of various morphological conditions on subject agreement allomorphy. The agreement suffix exhibits a large range of allomorphs in the past tense. We show that the primary factor for the agreement allomorphy is the valency of the root, and secondary factors are the presence of auxiliaries or perfective aspect. We also propose that the agreement allomorphy is a long‐distance process. The agreement allomorphy is conditioned by the voice or transitivity of the verb stem even though the stem is not directly adjacent to the agreement suffix. Alternative formulations in terms of clitics vs. suffixes do not negate the long‐distance nature of this allomorphy. We also find morphomic patterns of behaviour, such that the verbal agreement suffixes are mobile and can alternatively surface as possessive suffixes on nouns.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revisiting Syntactic Microvariation and Diachrony in the Dual Complementizer Systems of Upper Southern Italy1 重新审视上意大利南部双补语系统中的句法微变异和异时性1
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12292
Sara N. Cardullo, Kim A. Groothuis
{"title":"Revisiting Syntactic Microvariation and Diachrony in the Dual Complementizer Systems of Upper Southern Italy1","authors":"Sara N. Cardullo, Kim A. Groothuis","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12292","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this work is to propose a diachrony of complementizer systems in the upper southern Italian dialects (USIDs). While previous diachronic studies have focused mainly on the transition from Latin to Romance, we aim to address several unanswered questions about the transition from medieval southern Italo‐Romance—in particular the system documented by Ledgeway (2005)—to the attested modern USID ones that are claimed to derive from it. Using the cartographic framework, and in particular the split‐CP (Rizzi 1997), our revisitation of the literature leads us to identify at least six distinct modern systems, which differ morpholexically (what we consider “dual” systems, e.g., presenting both <jats:sc>che</jats:sc> and <jats:sc>ca</jats:sc>) and/or syntactically (which we consider “split” systems, i.e., lexicalizing both Force° and Fin°). We ultimately propose that these systems should be interpreted as distinct stages in two separate diachronic developments. This is accounted for both through novel empirical insights concerning the conservative nature of the complementizer system found in e.g. Verbicarese—which we argue coincides with the one found in 17th–19th century Neapolitan‐‐, and through the view that complementizers are generated in Fin°, which presents theoretical advantages concerning the expression of (illocutionary) force and (modal)/finiteness marking.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Notes on Verbal Aspect in Three Vedic Prose Narratives 三篇吠陀散文叙事中的动词方面注释
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12290
Anahita Gwenllian Hoose
{"title":"Notes on Verbal Aspect in Three Vedic Prose Narratives","authors":"Anahita Gwenllian Hoose","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12290","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarises the synchronic system of verbal aspect manifest in three Middle Vedic prose narrative texts, investigating the use of various morphological categories with past reference (especially the imperfect, perfect and aorist). I show that the imperfect and perfect are both compatible with multiple aspectual readings (perfective, imperfective and anterior); in the terminology of Dahl (2010), both may have neutral aspect. The aorist is largely restricted to anterior readings but can be perfective. Additionally, I consider the diachronic context of this system, outlining differences from the earlier one visible in the Early Vedic of the <i>Rigveda</i> and discussing the probable diachronic trajectory connecting the two. After commenting on the possibility of characterising the synchronic system within the alternative framework of Altshuler (2014), which lacks the category of neutral aspect, I conclude with notes on the use of the sentential particles <i>ha</i>, <i>nu</i> and <i>vai</i> in the text samples. The first of these seems to be associated with perfective aspect, while the latter two are both associated with anterior aspect.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prosodic Change in Breton: The Loss of Stressed Clitics1 布列塔尼语中的拟声变化：重音单韵母的丧失1
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12291
Holly J. Kennard
{"title":"Prosodic Change in Breton: The Loss of Stressed Clitics1","authors":"Holly J. Kennard","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12291","url":null,"abstract":"Most dialects of Breton have largely penultimate stress, and are also said to exhibit stress on certain clitics when they precede monosyllabic content words. However, data suggest that this prosodic process may not be maintained consistently by modern Breton speakers. This study explores the nature of clitic stress in Breton and investigates its potential loss by examining the indefinite article, low numerals and the adverb <i>re</i> ‘too’ in three pre-existing corpora: two linguistic atlases and a more recent online repository of Breton recordings. The findings show that the loss of stressed clitics is greater in south-eastern Brittany, and more advanced for the indefinite article than for other contexts. It is suggested that this is due to the fact that the process does not occur with the definite article, and that the clitics are being reanalysed such that they have a less cohering relationship with their hosts. Given the unstable nature of Breton as an endangered language with a high proportion of older speakers, it is unclear whether this ongoing language change will continue along the same path, or if revitalisation is likely either to halt or accelerate it.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Subject-Object Asymmetries and the Development of Relative Clauses between Late Middle English and Early Modern English 中古英语晚期与现代英语早期之间的主客体不对称和关系从句的发展
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12294
Julia Bacskai-Atkari
{"title":"Subject-Object Asymmetries and the Development of Relative Clauses between Late Middle English and Early Modern English","authors":"Julia Bacskai-Atkari","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12294","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a corpus study on the Wycliffe Bible and the King James Bible, examining the distribution of the pronouns <i>who(m)</i>/<i>which</i> and the complementiser <i>that</i> in relative clauses with a personal referent. The data indicate that the decisive factor in both periods was the function of the gap (subject vs. non-subject): <i>wh</i>-pronouns are preferred in object relative clauses, while <i>that</i> is preferred in subject relative clauses. In addition, the paper argues that the subject/non-subject distinction was decisive not only regarding the major <i>wh</i>/<i>that</i> distribution but also regarding the <i>who(m)</i>/<i>which</i> distinction. While in the case of the <i>wh</i>/<i>that</i> distinction, a syntactic difference (relative pronoun versus relative complementiser) underlies the attested asymmetry, the pronouns <i>who(m)</i> and <i>which</i> do not differ in their core syntactic properties. The data clearly indicate that both the <i>wh</i>-strategy in general and the pronoun <i>who(m)</i> in particular started to spread from the lower functions of the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy, whereby the spread of <i>who(m)</i> was one step behind the general spread of the <i>wh</i>-strategy. The findings thus suggest that asymmetries along the lines of the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy are not necessarily paired up with syntactic asymmetries.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Addressing Polymorphism in Linguistic Phylogenetics 解决语言系统学中的多态性问题
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12289
Marc E. Canby, Steven N. Evans, Donald Ringe, Tandy Warnow
{"title":"Addressing Polymorphism in Linguistic Phylogenetics","authors":"Marc E. Canby, Steven N. Evans, Donald Ringe, Tandy Warnow","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12289","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how languages change is important not only for the reconstruction of protolanguages and for estimating diversification dates (i.e. the dates when languages split), but also for the inference of evolutionary trees (or phylogenetic networks) of language families. We propose a parametric model of language change that addresses lexical polymorphism (two or more words for a given basic meaning) based on what is known about how languages change. Under our model, changes of state in lexical characters occur <jats:italic>only</jats:italic> due to semantic shift or borrowing, leading to (potentially brief) periods in which polymorphism is present. Across a wide range of model conditions, we find that a simple and natural modification to the maximum parsimony (MP) criterion (which seeks the tree with the fewest number of changes) to allow it to handle polymorphic characters has the best accuracy, substantially improving on well‐known Bayesian methods based on appearances and disappearances of words. We also provide a new analysis of Indo–European that takes polymorphism into account, finding support for a previous tree (Nakhleh et al., 2006) and a new tree that differs from the previous tree in the relationship between Italo‐Celtic and Tocharian.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Position of Khatak in Pashto Dialectology Khatak 在普什图方言学中的地位
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12293
Munazza Saeed Khatak
{"title":"The Position of Khatak in Pashto Dialectology","authors":"Munazza Saeed Khatak","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12293","url":null,"abstract":"Pashto is a major language of the Iranian family with multiple dialects spoken in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In this paper, I examine the phonological inventory of the previously little known Khatak Pashto by a comparison with the well‐known Yusufzai, of the Northeast dialect of the language. I use primary data collected from Karak and Mardan districts of northwest Pakistan. In my analysis, I identify the similarities between these two varieties and the differences, based on at least eleven phonological isoglosses including the feature of vowel nasality, which split the two. I conclude by supporting the case for a distinct Central dialect area to represent the position of Khatak Pashto.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Semantically Rich ‘Do’‐Support Verb in the Camuno Dialect of Northern Italy 意大利北部卡穆诺方言中语义丰富的 "做 "辅助动词
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12288
Nicola Swinburne
{"title":"A Semantically Rich ‘Do’‐Support Verb in the Camuno Dialect of Northern Italy","authors":"Nicola Swinburne","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12288","url":null,"abstract":"In the Camuno dialect of northern Italy, ‘do’‐support may be used to form the interrogative. In some varieties, this is optional, and it co‐exists with the alternative interrogative method of using the main verb alone. Through an elicitation experiment, participants produced their preferred version of a question based on a certain main verb with given context. The likelihood that ‘do’‐support was used varied according to the supported verb's semantics and the context pragmatics, specifically: (a) the degree to which the verb denotes activity (directly or indirectly); and (b) the role of the subject as an effector, or ‘do’‐er of that activity. Unlike for ‘do’‐support in English, a purely syntactic function does not seem relevant for Camuno ‘do’. The study shows that: (1) even if, syntactically, the support verb resembles an auxiliary, it may have full lexical content; and (2) that there exists a credible grammaticalisation pathway from a lexical ‘do’ verb to a semantically bleached, contentless ‘do’, seemingly motivated by a social preference for the ‘do’‐support construction and a desire to simplify the interrogative system.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affix Not Clitic‐Based Vowel Shortening in Modern Arabic Varieties 现代阿拉伯语变体中基于词缀而非词缀的元音缩短
IF 0.3 4区 文学
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/1467-968x.12287
Emily Lindsay‐Smith
{"title":"Affix Not Clitic‐Based Vowel Shortening in Modern Arabic Varieties","authors":"Emily Lindsay‐Smith","doi":"10.1111/1467-968x.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12287","url":null,"abstract":"Word formation in most languages is inextricably linked to a distinction between clitics and affixes. Although famous for its templatic morphological structure, Arabic also contains concatenative formatives some of whose status as clitics or affixes is controversial. It is well known that Arabic varieties exhibit a range of interacting shortening and lengthening processes. Some of the shortening processes have been linked to the clitic/affix distinction in the Arabic literature. In this paper, I discuss two vowel shortening processes, CSS‐<jats:sc>Morph</jats:sc> and CSS‐<jats:sc>Phon,</jats:sc> that are often conflated as the same Closed Syllable Shortening process. Based on evidence from 16 modern Arabic varieties, I show that these CSS processes are in fact two independent processes. While <jats:sc>CSS‐Morph</jats:sc> is a phonological alternation within a morphophonological context, <jats:sc>CSS‐Phon</jats:sc> is purely phonological. Neither provides evidence to classify any formative as a clitic or indeed differentiate between formatives as suffixes or clitics.","PeriodicalId":44794,"journal":{"name":"TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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