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Pregnancy and breathlessness 怀孕和呼吸困难
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0010
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Pregnancy and breathlessness","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated serum progesterone levels stimulate respiratory drive and lead to an increased tidal volume and raised minute ventilation, with only a modest increase in O2 consumption. Any cause of maternal hypercapnia leads quickly to foetal respiratory acidosis. Elevation of the diaphragm occurs due to the enlarging uterus, leading to a reduced functional residual capacity (FRC). Raised levels of coagulation factors and impaired fibrinolysis, combined with venous stasis, result in a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Upper airway oedema, particularly in the setting of pre-eclampsia, may predispose to upper airway obstruction during sleep, but rarely frank OSA. OSA tends to occur in obese women and may be associated with impaired foetal growth and pre-eclampsia. Snoring in pregnancy is a poor predictor of OSA.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114851979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respiratory infection—mycobacterial 呼吸infection-mycobacterial
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0042
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Respiratory infection—mycobacterial","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Tuberculosis: epidemiology and pathophysiology, first-line anti-TB drugs, TB chemotherapy with comorbid disease, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), latent TB infection, TB and anti-TNF-α‎ treatment, disseminated BCG infection (BCGosis), future developments in TB, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), NTM species and lung disease.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131888618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respiratory infection—parasitic 呼吸infection-parasitic
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0043
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Respiratory infection—parasitic","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0043","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Pulmonary hydatid disease, amoebic pulmonary disease, pulmonary ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, toxocariasis, dirofilariasis, schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, tropical (filarial) pulmonary eosinophilia.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131462869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gastrointestinal disease and the lung 胃肠道疾病和肺部疾病
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0027
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Gastrointestinal disease and the lung","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Predominantly right-sided pleural effusion occurring in patients with liver cirrhosis and no cardiorespiratory cause for the effusion, often with minimal ascites. The ascitic fluid accumulates in the chest as a result of diaphragmatic defects. Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is the triad of chronic liver disease and portal hypertension, arteriovenous (AV) shunting in the lungs, predominantly at the bases, and subsequent ventilation-perfusion abnormalities, arterial hypoxia. Porto-pulmonary hypertension (POPH) is PAH occurring in association with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The chapter also covers inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, and pancreatitis.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124080520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dysfunctional breathing 不正常的呼吸
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0026
C. Robinson
{"title":"Dysfunctional breathing","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Dysfunctional breathing encompasses a range of breathing pattern abnormalities with breathlessness and overbreathing in the absence of or in excess of any physiological abnormality. Hyperventilation syndrome is a form of dysfunctional breathing and the terms are often used interchangeably. Dysfunctional breathing may occur as part of a spectrum of physical symptoms (e.g. chest pain, palpitations/tachycardia, fatigue, dizziness, paraesthesiae, headache, diarrhoea, inappropriate sweating, etc.) from anxiety or panic disorder.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127474328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Lung transplantation 肺移植
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0056
S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Lung transplantation","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0056","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Patient selection, contraindications, investigations and assessment, surgical approaches, follow-up, outcomes and future developments, and complications.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115058230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asthma 哮喘
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0018
C. Robinson
{"title":"Asthma","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity to a variety of stimuli, leading to a variable degree of airway obstruction, some of which may become irreversible over many years.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133423758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pleural effusion 胸腔积液
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0035
C. Robinson
{"title":"Pleural effusion","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0035","url":null,"abstract":"A pleural effusion results from the accumulation of abnormal volumes (>10–20 mL) of fluid in the pleural space. Pleural effusions are common and are associated with many different diseases, differential diagnosis of effusions, and details of pleural fluid analysis.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"85 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133241906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0063
S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Bronchoscopy","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0063","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Indications and risks, bleeding and bronchoscopy, patient preparation, bronchial washings, bronchial brushings, bronchial biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB), central airway obstruction, diagnostic procedures, TBNA, EBUS, Radial EBUS, autofluorescence bronchoscopy, rigid bronchoscopy, navigation bronchoscopy, therapeutic procedures, bronchial laser resection, electrocautery, argon–plasma coagulation (APC), and cryotherapy/cryoextraction, photodynamic therapy (PDT), tracheobronchial stent insertion, and rachytherapy.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115491672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lung cancer 肺癌
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0032
C. Robinson
{"title":"Lung cancer","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Epidemiology and types, clinical features, investigations, diagnostic procedures, staging, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its surgery and systemic anti-cancer therapy, radiotherapy, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its treatment, emerging areas of lung cancer, the aetiology, clinical assessment, and management of superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO), hypercalcaemia, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), spinal cord compression, pulmonary carcinoid tumours, pulmonary nodules, lung cancer screening.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117307853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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