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Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine最新文献

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Eosinophilic lung disease 嗜酸性肺疾病
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0027
C. Robinson
{"title":"Eosinophilic lung disease","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary eosinophilias are disorders classically associated with CXR infiltrates and a raised blood eosinophil count, although eosinophilic infiltration of the lung can occur without blood eosinophilia. Eosinophilia is found on lung biopsy or BAL.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133157728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sleep and breathing 睡眠和呼吸
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0014
C. Robinson
{"title":"Sleep and breathing","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep apnoea and related problems are now a common reason for referral to many respiratory units. This is due to much better recognition of the syndromes and the increasing prevalence of obesity. Respiratory units with sleep services are seeing increasing numbers of patients, primarily for possible OSA, and, therefore, most patients tend to be sleepy, and referrals for insomnia are not usually encouraged.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122892683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias 特发性间质性肺炎
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0031
C. Robinson
{"title":"Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0031","url":null,"abstract":"The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a group of diffuse lung diseases of unknown aetiology that primarily involve the pulmonary interstitium—the area between the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium, as well as the septal and bronchovascular tissues that make up the fibrous framework of the lung. These primarily interstitial processes, however, frequently also involve the airways, vasculature, and alveolar airspaces. The underlying pathological process is one of varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124978738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rare lung diseases 罕见肺病
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0040
C. Robinson
{"title":"Rare lung diseases","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Pathophysiology, classification, and lung involvement of alveolar microlithiasis and amyloidosis, hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), aetiology, diagnosis, management, and complications of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115641902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cystic fibrosis (CF) 囊性纤维化(CF)
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0024
C. Robinson
{"title":"Cystic fibrosis (CF)","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198837114.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system disease due to mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a complex chloride channel. CFTR is essential for regulating chloride permeability across epithelial tissues and, in addition, has other complex cellular roles. Loss of CFTR function or quantity causes inadequate hydration of mucous secretions. In the lungs this results in defective mucociliary clearance, mucus obstruction of the luminal space, and colonization with pathogenic bacteria. Recurrent cycles of infection and inflammation contribute to lung damage and subsequent development of bronchiectasis. In the pancreas, the exocrine ducts become blocked by secretions, leading to pancreatic destruction, pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, and CF-related diabetes.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131573987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pulmonary rehabilitation 肺康复
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0060
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0060","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established evidence-based multidisciplinary programme of care for patients with symptomatic chronic respiratory impairment, targeting the extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease. The programme is individually tailored and should contain high-intensity progressive aerobic training, strength training, and self-management education. PR is probably the most cost-effective intervention for COPD. It interrupts the vicious cycle of dyspnoea leading to inactivity, subsequent deconditioning, and further worsening dyspnoea on more minimal exertion.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"258 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133391856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) 无创通气(NIV)
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0021
T. Robinson, J. Scullion
{"title":"Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)","authors":"T. Robinson, J. Scullion","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Positive pressure ventilators, CPAP, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), indications, acute exacerbation of COPD, acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, decompensated OSA and obesity hypoventilation, respiratory failure from neuromuscular weakness, Immunocompromised patients, CAP, contraindications, chest wall deformity and neuromuscular weakness, sleep apnoea, cystic fibrosis, COPD, NIV end-of-life weaning","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130977228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asbestos and the lung 石棉与肺
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0017
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Asbestos and the lung","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198703860.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Asbestos consists of a family of naturally occurring hydrated silicate fibres that may be subdivided into two groups: curly serpentine fibres, of which chrysotile (white) is the only fibre currently in commercial use, and straight, needle-like amphiboles, which comprise crocidolite (blue), amosite (brown), anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite. Fibres have a predisposition to localize to the pleura. They differ in their lung clearance kinetics and pathogenic potential; amphibole fibres clear more slowly from the lung and are more carcinogenic than chrysotile. While asbestos usage in developed countries is restricted, the use of chrysotile asbestos in developing economies continues to rise.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115556832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respiratory infection—viral 呼吸infection-viral
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0044
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Respiratory infection—viral","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Influenza: background, diagnosis, and management, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, adenovirus, measles, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, varicella pneumonia, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), coronavirus (COVID-19).","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123350697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sleep apnoea and hypoventilation 睡眠呼吸暂停和呼吸不足
Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0047
S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson
{"title":"Sleep apnoea and hypoventilation","authors":"S. Chapman, G. Robinson, J. Stradling, S. West, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0047","url":null,"abstract":"OSA, or obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea (OSAH) are currently the preferred terms for the problem of dynamic upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSA is part of a spectrum, with trivial snoring at one end and repetitive complete obstruction throughout the night (such that the patient cannot sleep and breathe at the same time). Along this spectrum is a point at which the degree of obstruction and the attendant arousal fragments sleep sufficiently to cause daytime symptoms. Distinction should be made between just the findings on sleep study of OSA episodes (OSA) and an abnormal sleep study plus the presence of symptoms (i.e. obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, OSAS). Asymptomatic OSA is much more common than symptomatic (OSAS).","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132735594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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