Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma最新文献

{"title":"What Predicts COVID-Specific Symptoms of Stress in Children and Adolescents, Virus Threats or Social Distancing?","authors":"A. Soubelet","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00623-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00623-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 crisis may have deleterious effects on children’s and adolescents’ mental health. However, there have been no published studies in which the COVID-related stress symptoms were investigated in a French ordinary pediatric population. The main objective of this study was to examine virus threats and social distancing measures to determine which were more disturbing for children and adolescents, and which were better predictors of post traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). 1639 parents of children aged between 1 and 18 participated in an online survey. Parents completed questionnaires regarding their children’s and adolescents’ mental health while in the first French confinement. The data showed that most children and adolescents had PTSS, such as irritability and tantrums, intrusive thoughts or memories, difficulties in falling asleep, aggression, trouble concentrating, and negative emotions. Multiple linear models supported that both virus threats and social distancing– related disturbances were predictors of PTSS scores, with social distancing being a stronger predictor of PTSS scores than virus threats. Additional analyses across age groups revealed that social distancing measures predicted two times more PTSS than virus threat measures in toddlers, while virus threat measures were a stronger predictor of PTSS in adolescents. This is the first study that has investigated stress symptoms in a French pediatric population during the first French confinement episode because of the COVID-19 crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Childhood Traumas of Individuals Who Experienced Parental Death in Childhood or Adolescence in Turkey","authors":"Serap Daşbaş, Rasim Babahanoğlu, Nur Feyzal Kesen, Semra Saruç, Meliha Funda Afyonoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00629-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00629-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the childhood traumas of individuals who experienced parental death in childhood or adolescence in Turkey. Participants (<i>n</i> = 382; 63.1% female and 36.9% male; M_AGE=29.41, SD = 9.6) are composed of individuals who lost either or both of their parents before the age of 18. The findings indicated that there is a significant difference between the subdimensions of Childhood Trauma Questionaire and the study variables including gender, marital status, educational status, number of siblings, gender of the deceased parent, the caregiver after the parental death, relationship with the surviving parent and the age at the time of parental death (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). The results further show that individuals who lost their parents before the age of 10, who lost their mothers, and who received care from other relatives instead of parents are exposed to more neglect and abuse. By identifying childhood traumas in individuals and examining related variables, the findings contribute trauma-informed social work practices. Based on the results, it is recommended that school social work programs focus on monitoring the relationship between caregivers and children, as well as enhancing the psychosocial well-being of students. These programs can also serve as a means to raise awareness among professionals and students.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Program Evaluation of the radKIDS® Youth Personal Empowerment Safety Education Program","authors":"Deborah Johnson-Shelton, Stephen M. Daley, Jeff Gau, Naomi Canavan, Victoria E. Kress","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00618-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00618-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing sound evidence of program effectiveness can be difficult for many programs initiated by schools and communities, and impedes many beneficial programs from broader dissemination. This paper shares results of an evaluation approach used with a bullying and victimization prevention program with elementary school children called the <b><i>radKIDS®</i></b><b> Personal Empowerment and Safety Education Program.</b> The purpose of this study was to examine indicators of initial effectiveness of the <i>radKIDS®</i> program for elementary school child safety skill development and instructor training to reduce child victimization and associated trauma and empower healthy psychosocial child development. The study involved 330 active radKIDS® instructors surveyed during two separate two-week periods, resulting in 148 completed questionnaires (45%). Instructors rated their perceptions of what children effectively learned in <i>radKIDS®</i>, the effectiveness of instructor training, and on Social Emotional Learning (SEL) competencies addressed in the program. Evaluation findings confirmed the theoretical model of the program, and that the developmental safety domains impacting children in <i>radKIDS®</i> differs from those in other bullying prevention interventions focused on SEL and other competencies. Recommended areas of improvement for the program included making training less time consuming and more flexible in delivery, provide more practice opportunities and time on skill acquisition during training, and increase supervision and guidance during program implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of psychosocial interventions for pediatric dog bite injury: Is the bark actually worse than the bite?","authors":"Kelli N. Patterson, Tran Bourgeois, LeeAnn Wurster, Sarah N. VerLee, Lindsay A. Gil, Kyle Z. Horvath, Peter C. Minneci, Katherine J. Deans, Rajan K. Thakkar, Dana Schwartz","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00619-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00619-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Long-term psychological effects may occur after childhood dog bite injuries. We performed a national survey to assess psychosocial interventions for children presenting with dog bite injuries to pediatric trauma centers.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A 26-question, online survey was administered to Pediatric Trauma Program Managers in the United States (<i>n</i> = 83). The survey queried whether institutions provide directed psychosocial interventions to pediatric dog bite injury patients in the Emergency Department, inpatient, or outpatient settings and the types of interventions being used. Descriptive statistics were performed to demonstrate survey results.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In total, 28 American College of Surgeons or State-verified Pediatric Trauma Centers responded to the survey (<i>n</i> = 28/83, 34%). Of the respondents, 18 (64.3%) did not have any interventions in place to address the psychosocial effects of pediatric patients’ dog bite injuries. Of the 10 (35.7%) institutions with interventions in place, the types of psychosocial resources offered included: automated order sets within the electronic medical record, specialized teams that assess the patient while hospitalized or outpatient, child psychology referrals initiated at discharge, pet therapy, and trauma resiliency programs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Most institutions surveyed did not have protocols or interventions in place to address psychosocial disturbances in children with dog bite injuries. We provide the example of our institution’s practice, in which automatic psychology consults are placed for every child who is admitted with a dog bite injury. Performing caregiver education in the emergency department, providing caregivers with regional psychosocial resources, and communicating with a child’s pediatrician may promote the necessary standardized psychological screening and/or follow up of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140127737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of the Adolescent and Children Risk of Abuse and Maltreatment Unaccompanied Scale (ACRAM-US)","authors":"Paula Samper, Adrián García-Mollá, José M. Tomás, Elisabet Marco-Arocas","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00627-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00627-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Independent migration of children and adolescents is becoming a political and social issue in recent years. Literature documents that the migration process of young people without an adult referent entail serious psychological problems. Moreover, the lack of coherence in the assessment and care processes aggravates the damage suffered by minors, which requires a greater investment of institutional resources. The aim of this research is to describe the development and provide psychometric properties of Adolescent and Children Risk of Abuse and Maltreatment Unaccompanied Scale (ACRAM-US), a 9-items scale for the assessment of risks factors of child abuse and neglect in the specific population of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and adolescents. Structural validity, reliability and convergent-related validity were studied for this measure in a sample of 128 unaccompanied children and adolescents. The sample included cases of 14 different nationalities. Children’s mean age was 16.94 (SD = 1.84), and 96.9% were male and 3.1% were female. Cases were informed by child welfare workers from different protective services in the XXXX Community (XXXX). The results of Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) indicate performance better solution with 2-dimensions which was also in line with theoretical formulation (<i>χ</i>² = 31.55, <i>df</i> = 19, <i>p</i> = .035, CFI = 0.991, SRMR = 0.081, RMSEA = 0.072, [90% CI: 0.019 − 0.115]). Results of convergent validity showed significant correlation with the Children Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Therefore, this study provides data of the first scale that assess risks factors of maltreatment for the unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue: COVID-19 - Trauma and Resilience in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Liat Levita","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00615-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40653-024-00615-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10937848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form (CTQ-SF) for a French-Speaking Sample","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00612-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00612-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used and standardized questionnaire designed to assess five types of childhood abuse. Despite the fact that the CTQ-SF demonstrates good validity and reliability, its internal structure presents some limitations and its original 28-item five-factor model has been contested. The present study assesses the reliability and the factor structure of a French version of the CTQ-SF for an alternative 25-item model and a bifactorial model, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Participants were French-speaking females from two independent samples (<em>N</em> = 1903, <em>N</em> = 690). They completed an online sociodemographic questionnaire and the online version of the CTQ-SF. The new model proposed in this article demonstrated excellent fit indices in two independent samples. Our results support the fit of a bifactorial 25-item model, suggesting the presence of a general factor of intrafamilial maltreatment, from which only sexual abuse would be separated. Furthermore, the results support the fit of a solution with seven factors. This research proposes alternative models that address the limitations pinpointed by previous international studies and demonstrate good fit indices. Moreover, these findings provide support for the validity of a French version of the CTQ-SF.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Impact of Placement Instability on Emotional and Behavioural Outcomes Among Children in Foster Care","authors":"Darren Maguire, Keziah May, David McCormack, Tim Fosker","doi":"10.1007/s40653-023-00606-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-023-00606-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Foster care children are a highly vulnerable population and their experiences in care are considered crucial to their developmental and psychosocial wellbeing. Placement instability has been considered a possible risk factor for developmental difficulties due to its impact on the development of a reparative attachment relationship and sense of relational permanence. The current review synthesises the literature regarding the impact of placement instability on behavioural and mental health outcomes in foster care children. Three major databases and grey literature sources were searched for all relevant quantitative research published by July 2019. Titles and abstracts of 2419 articles were screened following searches, with full texts obtained for 51 studies and 14 included in the final review. All were subject to quality assessment by two independent reviewers. Results indicated that placement instability was a consistent predictor of externalising behaviour in children, although some evidence was counter-indicative in this regard. There was also evidence to suggest a relationship with internalising behaviours, and mental health difficulties, in particular PTSD symptoms. Methodological quality and design varied between studies which limited direct comparisons. Most notably, there was a lack of consensus on how to quantify and measure placement instability and many studies failed to control for potentially confounding care-related variables. The review highlights that instability seems to result in negative psychological outcomes, although the extent of this relationship remains unclear. The review’s findings are discussed with reference to research and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140007684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Processing Assessment and Feedback in the Treatment of Complex Developmental Trauma","authors":"A. Cox, T. Heron, M. Frederico","doi":"10.1007/s40653-023-00607-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-023-00607-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored the impact of a sensory processing assessment, recommendations and feedback process on the functioning at school and after-hours environments of children who had been traumatised by abuse. A mixed methods design (Schoonenboom &amp; Johnson, 2017) was utilized incorporating pre (12 months prior) and post (four to eight months after the report) repeated child focused measure, alongside thematic analysis of participants qualitative survey feedback. The methodology included two stages: firstly, an occupational therapy assessment of young people referred by <i>Own Organisation</i> clinicians for a sensory processing assessment and secondly, an evaluation was conducted of the impact of occupational therapy on the young person’s behaviour and their carers. The study found significant improvement in family life and relationships as well as a reduction in impairment as evidenced by decreases in HoNOSCA scores across problems with family life and relationships, non-accidental self-injury, problems with emotional and related symptoms, poor school attendance and on the social subscale. These findings were supported by clinician participant reports. A sensory processing assessment provided young people, their carers and teachers with information which contributed to environmental adaptations. These environmental adaptations were associated with improved functioning and behaviour of young people impacted by child abuse. It is recommended future research attempt to replicate and extend our understanding of how sensory processing assessments and interventions can increase children’s wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139980119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in School-age Children: A Nationwide Prospective Birth Cohort Study","authors":"Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen, Anne A. E. Thorup","doi":"10.1007/s40653-024-00611-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00611-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traumatic childhood events are some of the few identifiable and to some extent preventable causes of psychiatric illness. Children exposed to severely stressful events may react with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and this may impact their level of function in daily life, their future development and mental health. The traumatic stress model suggests that traumatic stress in the family, community violence, and other traumas are regarded as additive environmental factors that can outweigh protective compensatory factors and thus interact with individual vulnerabilities. This study is based on prospective panel data including the whole population of children born in Denmark from 1984 to 1994, who are followed from age 7 to age 18 (N = 679,000) in the window between 2001 and 2012. Risk factors for first-time diagnose with PTSD are analyzed by the discrete time log-odd model. We found a lifetime prevalence of 2.3% PTSD in school-age children (n = 15,636). In accordance with the model, indicators of traumatic stress in the family, family disintegration, community violence, and individual vulnerabilities predicted later diagnose with PTSD. Individual neurodevelopmental disorder – especially autism (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR 7.1) and ADHD (OR 10.7) – were predicative of PTSD. The results cooperated the traumatic stress model. Some results were inconsistent with the traumatic stress model e.g., parental substance abuse were associated with less than expected PTSD in school-age children when adjusted for other risk factors. This indicates that PTSD may be underestimated in these groups. PTSD diagnoses in administrative records underestimate the prevalence, systematically. Efforts to increase PTSD screening may allow for better management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139917934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}