Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Multiple Parafoveal Holes after Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Retinal Detachment Surgery.","authors":"Sonal Paliwal, Prerna Upadhyay, Samta Patel","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i1.61180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v17i1.61180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To report a case of secondary multiple parafoveal holes after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in case of a vitrectomy surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>Thirty-two years old male myopic patient presented with total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with vision of counting fingers with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade B. He underwent right eye Belt buckle with uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling with silicon oil insertion.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>On routine follow up, multiple eccentric parafoveal retinal holes were noticed after two months of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) which remained stable six months post silicon oil removal with visual acuity (VA) 20/80.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parafoveal retinal holes may develop due to mechanical surgical trauma leading to retinal weakening caused by muller cell damage followed by a hole formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 33","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy among Nepali Population.","authors":"Nayana Pant, Subash Bhatta, Suresh Raj Pant","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i1.74140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v17i1.74140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Central Serous Chorio-retinopathy (CSCR) is a common cause of retinal blindness in Nepal.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify risk factors of Central Serous Chorio-retinopathy (CSCR) in the Nepali population.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A case-control study was conducted on patients with CSCR presenting at tertiary eye center of Nepal, from 2019 to 2021. Data on age, gender, ethnicity, stress, axial length, alcohol drinking and other risk factors were collected. Chi-square tests were conducted to find associations between variables and CSCR. Binary logistic regression was utilised to determine the odds of developing CSCR among the cases and to adjust for potential confounders. Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to compare means.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The study included 145 eyes from 132 cases of CSCR and 145 age- and sex-matched controls. Young adults in the age group of 31-40 years and male gender were significantly associated with CSCR (p<.05). Tharu ethnicity (adjusted OR= 3.3 95% Confidence Interval=1.890-5.444), shorter axial length (adjusted OR= 1.725; 95% CI=1.271-2.342) and alcohol use (adjusted OR=2.779, 95% CI=1.136-6.799) were significantly associated with CSCR. Smoking, stress, inadequate sleep, and night duties were common among CSCR cases but did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is first study in Nepal to report higher prevalence of CSCR in tharu ethnic group. Young adult male, alcohol drinking and short axial length are other significant risk factors of CSCR among Nepali population. Although the study does not establish temporal causation, it underscores need to suspect CSCR in tharu patients presenting with relevant symptoms. Further research is warranted to explore why the tharu population is more susceptible to CSCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 33","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Glaucoma in Eyes with Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid.","authors":"Gowri Pratinya Kolipaka, Bayu Guteta Gebremichael, Siddharth Dixit, Sayan Basu, Sirisha Senthil","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.60363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.60363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glaucoma in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is an important blinding complication. Glaucoma in eyes with OCP is most often managed medically as surgical management is difficult in eyes with cicatrised conjunctiva and often end up with complications or scarring and failure. In some cases where the topical antiglaucoma medications are not tolerated or worsen the OCP and in eyes with medically uncontrolled glaucoma, surgical management would be needed. The glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) are more suitable in these eyes compared to trabeculectomy in these eyes.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>Here two cases of a 35-year old and 62-year old males with biopsy proven OCP and steroid-induced medically uncontrolled glaucoma that were successfully managed with Ahmed glaucoma valve are reported.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>Performing an implant in an eye with poor ocular surface is a challenge. Appropriate modifications need to be performed to overcome these challenges. In this report, the surgical challenges and post-operative management have been highlighted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite intraoperative and post-operative challenges of performing glaucoma surgery in eyes with OCP, preoperative planning, meticulous surgery, and post-operative follow-up would go a long way in successfully managing refractory glaucoma in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratoconus associated with Fuchs' Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy in a Young Woman.","authors":"Leena Bajracharya, Rebecca Getachew, Serey Seng","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.64968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.64968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Keratoconus has association with various ocular diseases. Here a case of the co-occurrence of keratoconus and Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy (FCED), a rare entity has been reported.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 26-year-old woman presented with a sudden onset of blurring of vision of right eye (RE) three weeks back.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>The RE showed features of advanced keratoconus with apical scaring due to acute hydrops. Her left eye (LE) had myopic astigmatism with Vogt's striae. Careful examination revealed corneal guttate in both eyes. The co-existence of keratoconus and FCED was confirmed by tomographic scans and specular microscopy. The patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty in RE. The LE was planned for cross-linking therapy if keratoconus would progress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Keratoconus and FCED have opposing effects on corneal thickness, resulting in reciprocal masking of the severity and progression of either condition. Corneal scans must be interpreted with caution as keratoconus and FCED differ completely in terms of their treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Demographics, Rationale, and Methods of Jiri Eye Disease Incidence Study.","authors":"Suman Shumsher Thapa, Anup Raj Joshi, Manish Poudel, Pradeep Banjara, Mohan Krishna Shrestha, Shankar Prasad Khanal","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.65862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.65862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anthropological and biomedical studies have been undertaken in the Jirel population for more than three decades. The Jirel pedigree is one of the most powerful documented human pedigree's currently available for genetic studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the incidence of cataract, glaucoma and retinal diseases among the Jirel population aged 50 years or more over a period of 10 years.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Jiri Eye Disease Incidence Study (JEDIS) is population-based cohort study that will enroll all participants of Jiri Eye Study (JES) aged 50 years and above, once every four years up to the year 2028. Detailed clinical examinations and investigations following the same clinical protocols of the JES will be carried out.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Baseline demographics of 690 participants aged 50 years and above revealed 50.4% were males and 49.6% females and the average age (standard deviation) was 61.5 (8.6) years for males and 62.2 (8.7) years for females. At the end of 5 years, 483 participants completed the follow up, a response rate of 80%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epidemiological information derived from this study will help understand the natural history of eye diseases and implement health care programs for the prevention of blindness in the Jirel population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Symptoms, Aetiologies, and Associated Risk Factors of Unilateral Acute Non-granulomatous Anterior Uveitis Cases Presenting in a Tertiary Eye Institute of Nepal.","authors":"Anu Manandhar, Vidisha Gupta, Araniko Pandey","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.66143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.66143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Unilateral cases of acute non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (ANGAU) make major portion in anterior uveitis group. It is characterised by recurrent episodes of sudden onset of redness, pain, and photophobia in one eye. It comprises of acute anterior uveitis mainly due to seronegative spondyloarthopathies and some idiopathic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To know the pattern of symptoms of ANGAU in detail, to analyse if smoking and stress could be its risk factors, to confirm its association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 gene, and to find out the effect of season in its relapse in Nepali patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In this hospital-based observational study done from 2017 November to 2019 February at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, all cases (census) of ANGAU were included after ethical approval.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Of the total 70 patients, 38 (54.3%) were male and 32 (45.7%) were female. Majority of patients were between ages of 31-40 years (32.9%) with range (mean±SD) of 18-74 (40.16±13.96) years. Redness (91.4%), pain (64.3%), photophobia (64.3%), decreased vision (61.4%), and watering (20%) were major symptoms. Most presented during summer (45.7%). Majority were either smoker at present (40%) or were smokers in the past (24.3%). There was a positive history of stress factor in 24.3% patients. Of 50/70 cases who underwent HLA-B27 testing, 30 (60%) were positive. Sixteen out of 70 patients (22.8%) had features suggestive of SpA. Twelve out of 16 SpA cases (17.1%) had a positive HLA-B27 report. But, four patients (5.7%) denied an HLA-B27 testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unilateral NGAU in Nepali population is strongly associated with present or past smoking, not strongly associated with stress factor, relapses mostly in summer season, and shows HLA-B27 gene positivity in slightly >50% population. Other than pain, redness, photophobia, and decreased vision, watering can also be one of the presenting symptoms of NGAU cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journey of Eye Banking in Nepal.","authors":"Shankha Narayan Twyana, Leena Bajracharya, Reeta Gurung","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.85100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.85100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Worldwide, over 10 million people are blind in one or both eyes from conditions affecting the cornea. Corneal transplantation surgery is the main treatment to restore vision in individuals with irreversible corneal blindness. However, in many countries, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the availability of cornea transplantation is low, due to limited supplies of corneal tissue. The global demand for tissue exceeds the supply, with only one cornea available for every 70 in need, and the short-fall even greater in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"9-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Corneal Patch Grafts in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal.","authors":"Manish Pandey, Pragya Luitel, Rajiv Ranjan Karn, Mahesh Kumar Dev","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.68040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.68040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Corneal patch graft is a surgery performed as a temporary or definitive treatment of corneal perforations or thinning and descemetoceles.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the outcomes of corneal patch grafts, in corneal thinning or perforations, in terms of anatomical and functional success.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective study included a total of 28 eyes of 27 patients who underwent corneal patch grafts for the treatment of corneal perforations or thinning >2 mm. The preoperative indications for performing corneal patch grafts, the size and site of corneal perforation or thinning and preoperative best corrected visual acuity (VA) were recorded. The post-operative results were evaluated in terms of structural integrity (anatomical success), using a slit lamp biomicroscopy and visual outcome (functional success) by testing best corrected VA, defined as best corrected VA ≥6/60, at final follow-up.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The mean age (mean ± SD) of patients was 35.75 ± 21.40 years, and 71.42% were males. Corneal thinning or perforations due to microbial keratitis was the most common indication for corneal patch grafts (46.42%), followed by immune-mediated peripheral ulcerative keratitis (21.42%). Peripheral corneal perforation or thinning was the most common location (71.42%). The mean follow-up was 8.43 ± 7.92 months. While anatomical success was seen in 24 of 28 eyes (85.71%), functional success was attained in 17 out of 28 eyes (60.71%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Corneal patch grafts showed a high success in terms of both maintaining anatomical integrity and functional success. Corneal patch grafts could be used as a good therapeutic modality for the treatment of corneal thinning and perforations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essentials of Grant Writing in Medical Research.","authors":"Mohan Raj Sharma","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.85102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.85102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Grant writing is a crucial skill for researchers seeking financial support for their projects. It involves crafting a compelling proposal demonstrating a project's value, feasibility, and societal relevance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper aims to provide an overview of grant writing, including types of grants, steps in application, and strategies for effectively presenting research ideas. Also, challenges and solutions for successful grant proposal writing, emphasising the importance of structured planning and effective data visualisation techniques are presented.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Using Nepal's research funding scenario as a backdrop, this manuscript is based on the articles published in the peer-reviewed literature, and the author's experience of working as a grant reviewer for several organisations for over a decade. Practical examples and insights into the nuances of grant writing are included to guide researchers, particularly in resource-constrained settings like Nepal.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Information about grant and grant writing, funding organisations, their mode of awarding grants, steps of writing grant proposals, and dos and don'ts of grant proposals are elaborated in this review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Crafting an effective grant proposal is an iterative process that can be developed through practise and persistence. Familiarity with research methodologies, combined with guidance from an experienced mentor, plays a crucial role in successfully writing and securing funding for research projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unfolding the Mystery of Endemic Eye Disease of Nepal.","authors":"Purushottam Joshi, Ranju Kharel Sitaula, Anu Manandhar","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.85099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v16i2.85099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Half a century on, first reported in 1975 by Professor (Prof.) Doctor (Dr.) Om Krishna Malla as Seasonal Endophthalmitis (Malla OK, 1978; Malla OK, 2005); and named as Seasonal HyperAcute PanUveitis (SHAPU) in 1979 by Prof. Dr. Madan Prasad Upadhyay (Upadhyay et al., 1979), the mystery of SHAPU continues to unfold, but the enigma persists. As another potential outbreak of SHAPU is expected this year, let this be a call to action: to collaborate, to increase awareness, to investigate, to establish pathogenesis, to treat, and be prepared to manage this endemic disease of Nepal efficiently and effectively; ultimately, to protect the vision of the vulnerable.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 32","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}