Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Keratomalacia in a Neonate Born to a Mother with Night Blindness: A Case Report.","authors":"Ang Jangmu Lama, Leena Bajracharya","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.88767","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.88767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Xerophthalmia, caused by vitamin A deficiency, is a significant public health problem that can lead to severe ocular surface damage, including keratomalacia and permanent blindness if not promptly treated.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 26-day-old male neonate presented with bilateral corneal clouding ten days after birth. Ocular examination revealed corneal xerosis in both eyes and a corneal perforation in the right eye, which was sealed with iris tissue. The mother reported a history of night blindness during the third trimester of pregnancy, suggestive of maternal vitamin A deficiency.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>Both the mother and the neonate were treated with vitamin A supplementation. The neonate additionally received supportive ocular management with artificial tears and topical antibiotics. Following treatment, there was marked improvement in the neonatal ocular surface, and the mother's night blindness resolved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adequate maternal nutrition, proper antenatal care, and prompt diagnosis of Vitamin A deficiency are important for the prevention of xerophthalmia in both mother and neonate.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"18 35","pages":"113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Exposure Keratopathy Associated with Crouzon Syndrome.","authors":"Samata Sharma, Ben Limbu","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.87203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.87203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Crouzon syndrome is a genetic craniofacial disorder characterised by premature fusion of cranial sutures, often leading to significant ocular complications such as exposure keratopathy.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>This case report discusses the management of exposure keratopathy in a 6-year-old male child with Crouzon syndrome. The patient underwent three-wall orbital decompression combined with medial tarsorrhaphy.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>Post-operatively, there was a marked reduction in proptosis, better eyelid closure and significant improvement in ocular surface health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of timely surgical intervention in improving ocular surface integrity and visual outcomes in patients with Crouzon syndrome complicated by exposure keratopathy. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of orbital decompression for Crouzon syndrome reported from Nepal.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"18 35","pages":"117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of 'Community Grief Counsellors' in Enhancing Eye Donations.","authors":"Josephine Susai Christy, Rashmita Ravisankar, Kalaivani Kannan","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.89269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.89269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Corneal blindness remains a major public health concern, with a persistent shortage of donor corneas despite awareness initiatives. Ambulance drivers and freezer box service providers, due to their close interaction with bereaved families, may influence eye donation decisions; however, their knowledge, attitude, and practices toward eye donation remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards eye donation among ambulance workers and freezer box service providers.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A validated questionnaire containing 19 questions on knowledge, six on attitude and seven on practice patterns was administered to the study population and their responses were analysed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Mean age of the participants was 37.57 years. Among all, 69% of the study population had received at least secondary school education. The study participants had partial knowledge (mean score: 15), fair attitude (mean score: 5.8) and poor practise (mean score: 2.7) pattern towards eye donation. Using Dunn's pairwise comparison test, it was observed that the attitude scores of freezer box workers were significantly lesser in comparison to ambulance drivers (p = 0.001) and owners (p = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study brought to light that active awareness campaigns are required in this cohort and there is considerable potential to improve eye donation if they partner with local eye banks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"18 35","pages":"96-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Do People Remain Cataract Blind Despite Easily Accessible, Affordable Quality Service? Four-year Community-based Study.","authors":"Supriya Phadke, Parikshit Gogate, Rajiv Khandekar, Geeta Pardeshi, Shrivallabh Sane, Ozhukil Kollath Radhakrishnan, Kashinath Bhoosnurmath","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.86246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.86246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cataract is a common cause of blindness in spite of providing free or subsidised cataract surgery in Indian subcontinent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand why patients do not undergo cataract surgery despite availability of services in the vicinity of a lowincome group settlement.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This community-based survey was done over three years. A door-to-door eye screening was conducted in 201516 with a vision centre offering subsidised care. Census method was utilised for data collection. Those with operable cataracts were advised of the need for surgery. On follow-up visits in 2017, 2018, and 2019, those still visually impaired with unoperated cataracts were interviewed (questionnaire-based) to identify barriers to cataract surgery in an urban slum in Pune city, Maharashtra state of India, after ethics permission. SSPS.v16 software was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The authors screened 45,535 individuals in 2015-16. In 2017, 474 still had blinding cataracts. Of them, 85 (25.8%) had undergone cataract surgery in 2018, and 245 still had cataracts. In 2019, of the 245 participants, 47 (24.7%) had undergone surgery, and 143 remained. The main barrier was the high cost (>50%) across all three years, especially among older respondents (2017, 2018: p=0.006; 2019: p=0.01). The other barriers were family/business obligations, and participants did not perceive cataracts as severe problem. This barrier was significantly more common among males (p=0.039) and those with longer cataract duration (p <0.001). Respondents with poor vision in the better eye had lower rate of family obligations as a barrier in all years (2017: p=0.008; 2018: p=0.013; 2019: p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The community screening and vision centre addressed barriers such as lack of awareness, poor service and distance, but even the subsidised cost was a challenge. Family/business obligations and no prioritisation were other reasons. Qualitative research is needed to understand the dynamics of these barriers and design appropriate interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"18 35","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness in Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"Annadurai Rajeshwari, Sharmila Sundaresan, Malathi Vasuki Krishnan, Ramya Chelliah, Suma Elangovan","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.75209","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nepjoph.v18i35.75209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is on the rise and understanding mechanisms of retinal neurodegeneration in diabetes mellitus will help in halting retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study was done to assess the retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex thickness in type two diabetes mellitus without clinically evident vascular retinopathy and compare them with the normal population to understand the early neurodegenerative changes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a hospital-based, prospective, observational study conducted in South India from 2022 May to 2023 March. This study included one hundred and seventeen eyes with type two diabetes mellitus without clinical diabetic retinopathy and 115 normal age-matched controls after ethical approval using a consecutive sampling technique. Participants with other systemic co-morbidities and retinal pathology were excluded. Average, superior, and inferior retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and average, superior, inferior, inferonasal, superonasal, superotemporal, and inferotemporal macular ganglion cell complex thickness were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A student's unpaired t-test was used for comparing the thickness between cases and controls, and analysed using SPSS Statistics version 26.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was significantly reduced in all quadrants in type two diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy when compared to normal controls (p <0.001), with the mean nerve fibre layer thickness of 100.3μm ± 12.5μm in cases and 110.9μm ± 8.7μm in controls. The mean macular ganglion cell complex thickness was also significantly decreased in diabetes without retinopathy (p <0.001), with values of 99.9μm ± 8.1μm in diabetics and 109.3μm ± 4.9μm in controls. In diabetics, increased glycosylated haemoglobin correlated negatively with the nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neurodegeneration of the retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex in diabetics occurs before clinically visible vascular changes appear. Higher glycosylated haemoglobin is a risk factor for early neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"18 35","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149184628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world Outcomes and Predictors of Vision Loss after Panretinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy: Five-year Follow-up.","authors":"Antonio William Taufaeteau, Subash Bhatta, Nayana Pant, Valeria Lopez, Biu Sikivou, Mundi Qalo Qoqonokana, Varanisese Rorogasa Naviri","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.86992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.86992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss in Fiji, where treatment options beyond panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remain limited. In this context, evaluating longterm outcomes of PRP can provide critical insights in patient management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate real-world long-term outcomes and predictors of vision loss following PRP for severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in a resource-constrained setting.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Retrospective study was done using five-year follow-up data of eyes treated exclusively with PRP at the Pacific Eye Institute, Fiji, between January 2010 and December 2015. Patients with advanced PDR, coexisting retinal pathology, or adjunctive therapies were excluded. Visual acuity, retinopathy grading, and systemic factors were assessed. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, and generalised estimating equations.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 516 eyes (91 NPDR, 425 PDR) from 283 patients were included. At five years, 68% of PDR eyes achieved stability, 19% remained active, and 13% progressed to advanced PDR. Among NPDR eyes, 17.6% progressed to active PDR and 7.7% to advanced PDR. The difference in progression between NPDR and PDR eyes was significant at two years (p <0.001) but not at five years (p =0.317). Overall, eyes lost 2.7 lines of logMAR visual acuity; NPDR eyes lost more vision (3.9 lines) from baseline than PDR eyes (2.5 lines, p=0.059). Poor glycaemic control, older age, and unstable retinopathy were significant predictors of vision loss (p ≤0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Panretinal photocoagulation remains essential for managing PDR, achieving longterm stability in most eyes. In severe NPDR, however, its use requires careful risk-benefit assessment. Importantly, access to intravitreal antiVEGF injections and vitrectomy should also be globally prioritised, as many eyes progress to advanced PDR and experience vision loss in the absence of adjuvant therapy despite laser treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 34","pages":"57-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymethyl Methacrylate Intraocular Lenses as Substitute for Gold Weight in Lagophthalmos Surgery: A Case Report.","authors":"Ashesh Koirala, Ankit Bista, Purushottam Joshi","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.87504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.87504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Paralytic lagophthalmos, typically resulting from facial nerve palsy, causes incomplete eyelid closure, leading to severe ocular surface desiccation, exposure keratopathy, and potential vision loss. Gold weight implantation remains the surgical standard of care for restoring gravity-assisted eyelid closure. However, the cost of gold often creates a significant barrier to treatment, particularly in developing nations or for patients without adequate insurance coverage, necessitating the exploration of affordable, readily available alternatives.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 41-year-old woman developed left-sided paralytic lagophthalmos following orbital cellulitis with dacryocystitis.</p><p><strong>Observation: </strong>Persistent exposure keratopathy persisted despite the use of lubricants and previous tarsorrhaphy. Due to financial constraints, gold weight implantation was not feasible, so two polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs) were repurposed as eyelid-loading implants and secured to the anterior tarsal surface within a submuscular pocket. Post-operative assessment showed immediate and significant improvement in eyelid closure, with maximum improvement of lagophthalmos and symptoms of exposure keratopathy. The IOL provided adequate gravitational force for effective eye closure, and the cosmetic result was satisfactory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repurposing a readily available, low-cost PMMA intraocular lens offers a safe, effective, and economical alternative to gold weight implantation for managing paralytic lagophthalmos, particularly in resource-constrained settings or for patients with limited financial means. This technique should be considered a good treatment option for incomplete eyelid closure.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 34","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters following Intravitreal Ranibizumab Biosimilar in Diabetic Macular Oedema.","authors":"Punita Kumari Sodhi, Aman Singh Rana, Divya Doddaiah, Shreyangshi Dipta, Bhawna Mahajan, Bratati Banarjee","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.69532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.69532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ranibizumab biosimilar (RbB) has emerged as a cost-effective treatment modality. There is paucity of literature on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters following use of RbB in DME.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate OCTA parameters following intravitreal ranibizumab RbB in DME.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In an interventional study on treatment naïve eyes having DME, ocular examination for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), colour vision (CV) and contrast sensitivity (CS) was done. Further, optical coherence tomography (OCT) measured central foveal thickness (CFT). The OCTA imaging examined the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (VD) in six layers, including superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer retina (OR), outer retinal chorio-capillaries (ORCC), chorio-capillaries (CC) and choroid (C). Serum vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One month after 0.5 mg/0.05 ml intravitreal injection of RbB, pre- and post-treatment parameters were compared.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The study involved 44 eyes of 30 DME patients having a mean age of 56.0±8.66 years. The mean serum VEGF A levels were 539.11±336.44 pg/ml. Following treatment, the mean CFT reduced from 461.50±173.06 to 348.09±153.02 microns (p <0.001). Distance BCVA improved significantly from a logMAR of 0.88±0.13 to 0.58±0.23 (p <0.001). The mean FAZ area, perimeter and circularity reduced from 0.21±0.21mm2, 2.43±1.32 mm, and 0.38±0.11 to 0.16±0.15 mm2 (p = 0.32), 2.32±1.27 mm (p = 0.71) and 0.36±0.12 (p = 0.47) respectively. The mean VD in SCP was 19.70±12.78, DCP 5±8.15, OR 1.80±3.91, ORCC 16.48±14.82, CC 9.11±11.44 and choroid was 20.09±18.06, and this increased to 23.63±17.62 (p = 0.24), 5.93±6.97 (p = 0.52), 2.77±4.97 (p = 0.08), 27.14±16.19 (p = 0.001), 17.60±15.64 (p = 0.002) and 29.05±17.95 (p = 0.011) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with a single injection of RbB significantly improved BCVA and reduced CFT in patients with DME one month after treatment. All the FAZ features, including area, perimeter and circularity, reduced, and VD across multiple retino-choroidal layers increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 34","pages":"5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Management of Ocular Trauma in Two Municipalities of Nepal.","authors":"Mohan Krishna Shrestha, Pushpa Babu Basnet, Manish Poudel, Shaifali Sharma, Reeta Gurung","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.78481","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.78481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) play a crucial role in promoting and preventing of eye health problems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the prevalence of and management of corneal abrasions using ophthalmic antimicrobials by FCHVs in urban areas of Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective study reviews the data of ocular trauma between 2019 January and 2022 December of Nilkantha and Solududhkunda Municipalities, Nepal. The FCHVs were trained to diagnose corneal abrasions and provide a 3-day course of antimicrobials and referred unresolved cases to Eye Centres for further management. Data were analysed with IBM SPSS v.20. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. A 95% confidence interval was calculated, and significant variables were analysed through multiple logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>All together 1,949 ocular trauma cases utilised the community-based eye care services provided by FCHVs. The prevalence of corneal abrasion was 87.3% (1,701), with a higher prevalence in Nilkantha (70.3%; n=1,195) than Solududhkunda (29.7%; n=506). In corneal abrasion cases, the mean age ± SD of the participants were 38.9 ± 18.1, (39.4±18.2 in Nilkantha and 37.7±17.8 in Solududhkunda municipalities). The prevalence of corneal abrasion was 47.9 % (814) in male and 52.1% (887) in female. The recovery rate of corneal abrasion was 97.4% (95% CI: 96.6-98.1; p<0.001), with consistent efficacy across location, gender, and age, but significant differences by injury type and time to FCHV visit. Patients treated within 12 to 24 hours had significantly higher odds of recovery at 15.1 (95% CI: 7.2-31.7) and 12.7 (95% CI: 5.2-30.8) compared to those treated after 24 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The involvement of FCHVs in managing corneal abrasions proved effective in urban areas. Chloramphenicol Aplicap (1%) was found to be highly effective in treating corneal abrasions within 24 hours of ocular injury contributing to a reduction in corneal blindness in urban areas of Nepal.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 34","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of 0.01% Atropine for Myopia Progression in Children Aged 5 Years to 16 Years.","authors":"Navin Yadav, Anu Malik, Ram Chandra Gupta, Alka Gupta, Lokesh Kumar Singh, Jaishree Dwivedi","doi":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.72617","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nepjoph.v17i34.72617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myopia is an increasingly prevalent global public health concern, particularly among children, with potential long-term visual complications. Low-dose atropine has emerged as promising pharmacological intervention for controlling myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.01% atropine eye drops in controlling myopia progression in children over one year.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A placebo-controlled, interventional study was conducted for one year in ophthalmology department of a tertiary care centre. A total of 189 eyes (95 participants) were included in treatment group and 150 eyes (75 participants) in control group. Baseline and follow-up assessments at four, eight, and 12 months included axial length, spherical equivalent, distance uncorrected visual acuity, amplitude of accommodation, intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, and fundus examination. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info software, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>At 12 months, treatment group demonstrated significantly reduced myopia progression compared with control group. Mean spherical equivalent was 2.61 ± 0.30 dioptres in treatment group and 2.83 ± 0.36 dioptres in control group (p <0.001). True myopia progression was 0.53 ± 0.22 dioptres in treatment group compared with 0.84 ± 0.48 dioptres in control group (p <0.001). Axial length elongation was significantly lower in treatment group (0.19 ± 0.08 millimetres) compared with control group (0.36 ± 0.24 millimetres) (p <0.001). The control group demonstrated consistently poorer uncorrected visual acuity (p <0.001). Statistically significant differences were also observed in photopic pupil diameter and amplitude of accommodation (p <0.05). Intraocular pressure was slightly lower in treatment group but remained within physiological limits (p <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical 0.01% atropine effectively reduced myopia progression and axial elongation in children over one year, with a favourable safety profile and minimal clinically significant effects on accommodation, intraocular pressure, and pupil diameter.</p>","PeriodicalId":44759,"journal":{"name":"Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 34","pages":"78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}