Geography and Natural Resources最新文献_第3页

Soil Resources of Southern Siberia 南西伯利亚的土壤资源

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040030

O. I. Bazhenova, E. M. Tyumentseva, A. A. Cherkashina, V. A. Golubtsov, S. A. Tukhta

{"title":"Soil Resources of Southern Siberia","authors":"O. I. Bazhenova, E. M. Tyumentseva, A. A. Cherkashina, V. A. Golubtsov, S. A. Tukhta","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040030","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article considers the issues of soil degradation and the possibility of conserving and restoring soil fertility in southern regions of Siberia. Long-term stationary research data is synthesized in order to determine the mechanism of erosion processes and obtain quantitative data on soil losses depending on key factors of water and wind erosion. Particular attention is given to the periodically extreme nature of processes that cause catastrophic soil degradation. Patterns of changes in the structure of processes that require agricultural soil conservation measures are revealed. The mechanism of soil erosion and soil degradation rate changes in the west to east direction along the belt of steppes and forest–steppes of southern Siberia. In the south of Western Siberia, the pressing issue is protecting soils from thawing erosion, in Khakassia the particular hazard is soil deflation, and in Cis-Baikal and Transbaikal region soil degradation is exacerbated by the combined effect of rainfall erosion and deflation. The results of a quantitative cartographic assessment of erosion hazard levels based on empirical models of potential soil loss and deflation are presented for the major agricultural regions with a case study of the Irkutsk–Cheremkhovo plain and the Nazarovskaya and Yuzhno-Minusinskaya depressions. A decrease in erosion soil losses as a result of socioeconomic agriculture reforms and a significant reduction in the area of agricultural land in the early 1990s and in the post-reform period (2010–2017) are noted. It is emphasized that the re-expansion of agricultural land observed in recent years creates the necessity of large-scale inventory mapping of erosion processes in southern Siberia. That data can be used to select an optimal nature management policy that promotes conservation of soil resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional Specific Features of the Age Structure of the Siberian Population 西伯利亚人口年龄结构的地区特点

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040066

Yu. N. Dmitrieva

{"title":"Regional Specific Features of the Age Structure of the Siberian Population","authors":"Yu. N. Dmitrieva","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dynamics of Siberia’s total population and changes in age groups by working capacity are considered. The focus is on a significant reduction in the working-age population and an increase in number in the group older than working age. The dynamics of three types of demographic load coefficients over a 20-year period is analyzed: potential (children), pension, and general. It is shown that since 2000, the coefficients of the potential load on Siberia have increased by 16%, and the pension load, by 23%. Significant territorial disproportions in the coefficients of the total demographic load were revealed, and the difference between the minimum and maximum values in the regional context is 1.5 times. It has been established that the minimum loads are typical of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (KhMAO-Yugra) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YaNAO) as centers of attraction for the young able-bodied population; the maximum values of the demographic load are recorded in regions with a high proportion of children in the population structure: in the republics of Tyva and Altai, as well as in regions characterized by an aging population, namely, Altai krai, Kemerovo oblast, and Omsk oblast. The problem of the demographic potential of regions is considered with the index of potential demographic load. The maximum excess of the load of children over the load of pensioners (by 67%) was revealed in the Republic of Tyva. The maximum excess of the load of pensioners over the load of children (by 43%) was noted in Altai krai. The influence of regional socioeconomic factors on the formation of the demographic load index is emphasized: the level of fertility and mortality, migration activity, the influx of able-bodied population, and aging of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development Outlook of Communication Geography: Trends, Meta-Tasks, New Networks 传播地理学的发展前景：趋势、元任务、新网络

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040054

V. I. Blanutsa

{"title":"Development Outlook of Communication Geography: Trends, Meta-Tasks, New Networks","authors":"V. I. Blanutsa","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040054","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article generalizes the global experience of research on communication geography with the goal to identify future directions of study of the spatial and temporal deployment and functioning of telecommunications networks. An original algorithm of semantic search for publications in bibliographic databases has returned about 400 articles on communication geography published in 1981–2020 in scientific journals worldwide. An analysis of these publications shows that six types of communications: fiber-optic, mobile, telephone, postal, telegraph, and satellite—have been studied within infrastructural, statistical, impact, streaming, and optimization directions of communication geography. Trends are identified using the methods of the moving average and bi-proportional indices. Linear extrapolation of trends in the number of publications by type of communications and by research directions suggests that in the future preference will be given to geographical study of fiber-optic and mobile networks within infrastructural and statistical approaches with the objective to optimize the line-nodal structure. Based on a comparative analysis of unsolved problems, it is established that the priority in future research should be given to the following meta-tasks: transferring the experience of geographical study of a given type of communications to other types; using big data of telecom operators for geographical analysis of the functioning of networks; transitioning from descriptive to constructive communication geography; identifying geographical patterns for deployment of telecommunication networks, and developing the concept of a territory telecommunications complex. The following research objects are identified as promising: machine-to-machine information exchange networks, 6G mobile communication networks, and multifunctional networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Atmospheric Processes on the Dynamics of Kodar Glaciers 大气过程对科达尔冰川动力学的影响

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040108

O. P. Osipova, E. Yu. Osipov

{"title":"Influence of Atmospheric Processes on the Dynamics of Kodar Glaciers","authors":"O. P. Osipova, E. Yu. Osipov","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040108","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on daily data on the isobaric surface altitude 700 hPa (lower troposphere) of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, we carried out an objective classification of synoptic types over the Kodar Range (Transbaikalia) for the period 1970‒2020 and investigated seasonal and interannual variability of cyclonic and anticyclonic weather types frequency. It was found that the advective atmospheric circulation regime dominates at the level of the lower troposphere over the Kodar Range, and cyclonic types prevail over anticyclonic types in all seasons except summer (June‒August). It was further found that the frequency of occurrence of anticyclonic types has had a tendency to increase in summer and decrease in autumn over the last 50 years, and the frequency of cyclonic types has shown a trend to decrease in spring and, conversely, increase in autumn. It is concluded that the atmospheric circulation over the Kodar Range may influence changes in the mass balance of mountain glaciers. According to the ratio of cyclones and anticyclones in different seasons, three main modes of atmospheric circulation were established that govern possible changes in the mass balance of glaciers. Until the mid-1980s, the increased frequency of winter and spring cyclones contributed to stabilization of the glacier mass balance. From the mid-1980s to the early 2000s, the frequency of winter, spring, and summer cyclones decreased and the number of summer anticyclones increased. It is concluded that such conditions contributed to a decrease in winter precipitation and summer cloud cover, an increase in the net radiation and accelerated ablation of glaciers in the 1990s. Since the early 2000s the atmospheric circulation has contributed to a partial restoring of the glacier mass balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geoinformational Analysis of NDVI in the Lake Baikal Basin 贝加尔湖盆地 NDVI 的地理信息分析

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823050177

B. V. Sodnomov, A. A. Ayurzhanaev, M. A. Zharnikova, Zh. B. Alymbayeva, B. Z. Tsydypov, V. N. Chernykh, E. Zh. Garmaev

引用次数: 0

Structure, Age, and Formation Stages of the First River Terraces in the Selenga Drainage Basin 色楞格流域第一河阶地的结构、年龄和形成阶段

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823050153

Yu. V. Ryzhov, M. V. Smirnov, V. A. Golubtsov, M. Yu. Opekunova, S. Demberel

{"title":"Structure, Age, and Formation Stages of the First River Terraces in the Selenga Drainage Basin","authors":"Yu. V. Ryzhov, M. V. Smirnov, V. A. Golubtsov, M. Yu. Opekunova, S. Demberel","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823050153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823050153","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>New and generalized published data on the structure, age, and formation stages of deposits of the mantle and alluvial genetic complexes of the first terrace of rivers in the Selenga drainage basin are presented. The sections of the terrace of the Bryanka River in the Bryansk Depression, the Arshan River in the Khilok–Chikoi Depression, and the Shivert-Gol River in the Boro-Gol River basin in Mongolia are described. Information on the terrace structure and on the composition and absolute (radiocarbon) age of deposits is obtained. The first terrace 4–9 (15) m high above low water level is distinguished in the Selenga drainage basin. Large differences in the structure and composition of the terrace deposits depend on the morphology of the river valleys, water discharges, and the structural and tectonic conditions of the river basins. It has been established that the accumulation of sediments of the first river terrace in the Selenga basin began at the end of the Late Pleistocene. The channel, floodplain, and oxbow alluvium facies are distinguished. Channel alluvium was accumulated 30–15 cal kyr BP, and the accumulation of floodplain alluvium occurred during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene (15–8 cal kyr BP). The alluvium is overlain by Holocene sediments of the mantle genetic complex of different composition, genesis, and age reaching 3.5 m in thickness. It has been revealed that the first terrace of rivers in the Selenga drainage basin was formed in the Early Holocene (11.3–8 cal kyr BP) as a result of incising of the rivers during high floods. The chronological stages of sedimentation and soil formation have been identified. There was a long stage of soil formation 7–2 (0) cal kyr BP after the alluvium accumulation stop.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zoogeographical Analysis of the Fish Parasites from Lake Hövsgöl 霍夫斯戈尔湖鱼类寄生虫的动物地理分析

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823050128

O. T. Rusinek, E. V. Smolyaninova

引用次数: 0

Mongolia’s Foreign Trade: Relationship between the Transportability of Products and Distance to Target Markets 蒙古的对外贸易：产品可运输性与目标市场距离之间的关系

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823050037

L. A. Bezrukov, A. N. Fartyshev, M. Altanbagana

{"title":"Mongolia’s Foreign Trade: Relationship between the Transportability of Products and Distance to Target Markets","authors":"L. A. Bezrukov, A. N. Fartyshev, M. Altanbagana","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823050037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823050037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Despite the reduction of transportation costs that occurred in the second half of the 20th century, these costs remain a significant obstacle to effective entry into the global market for landlocked countries and regions. This article investigates the relationship between the scale of transportation costs by types of products and distance to target markets using the example of the directions of trade and commodity composition of Mongolia’s exports. The principle of “relative transportability of products” is formulated and an original methodology is used to assess the distribution of Mongolia’s export products based on an analysis of their transportability by distance. It is established that exports of low-transportability mineral commodities (coal, iron ore, oil, and ores and concentrates of nonferrous metals) are almost exclusively limited to neighboring countries, primarily China. The main reason for that pattern is the high transportation costs for bulk mineral commodities, which limits the possibilities of transporting them across large distances due to the significantly decreasing cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, more expensive Mongolian products (gold, clothing, wool, etc.) are exported to more distant countries. The spatial distribution and transportability of Mongolian exports by border crossing points with Russia and China are determined. It is established that railway transport is the predominant mode of transportation for bulk cargo. It is concluded that the highest priority direction of export specialization in Mongolia is increasing the processing depth of raw materials to semifinished or finished products, thereby significantly increasing cost-effective transportation distances and expanding the area of foreign trade.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geographic Conditions of Sustainable Development of the City of Ulaanbaatar 乌兰巴托市可持续发展的地理条件

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823050104

L. M. Korytnyi, L. B. Bashalkhanova, I. A. Belozertseva, O. V. Gagarinova, V. N. Bogdanov, A. N. Vorobyov, N. V. Vorobyov, N. V. Emelyanova, E. V. Maksyutova, S. Enkh-Amgalan

{"title":"Geographic Conditions of Sustainable Development of the City of Ulaanbaatar","authors":"L. M. Korytnyi, L. B. Bashalkhanova, I. A. Belozertseva, O. V. Gagarinova, V. N. Bogdanov, A. N. Vorobyov, N. V. Vorobyov, N. V. Emelyanova, E. V. Maksyutova, S. Enkh-Amgalan","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823050104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823050104","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The sustainable development of Ulaanbaatar is closely connected with the solution of issues caused by negative environmental impacts. The findings obtained as part of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research project, a review of the literature and reference materials, and an expeditionary survey revealed the problems and prospects of the natural resource supply of the territory and the need to change the socioeconomic and geoecological situation in Ulaanbaatar.\u0000The methodology of an integrated approach, covering socioeconomic, climatic, landscape-geochemical, and water-ecological studies, enabled us to identify the heterogeneity of the suburbanized space, the risks of sociodemographic development, water supply, air pollution and soil cover, which have an adverse impact on the social and economic development of the territory.\u0000The process of expanding the suburban area of Ulaanbaatar differs from similar processes in the cities and agglomerations of Russia and Europe and is more similar to the formation of slums in the cities of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The suburban yurt zones being created in Ulaanbaatar do not have any transport or social or engineering infrastructure, and residents suffer from diseases caused by environmental pollution and coal heating.\u0000The sustainable development of Ulaanbaatar and the surrounding area requires the development of a scheme for monitoring natural and anthropogenic changes, improving the protection system, optimizing the use of natural resources, and improving the system of settlement and management of urban areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Results and Outlook of Geographical Research in the Cross-Border Area between Russia and Mongolia at the Beginning of the 21st Century 21 世纪初俄罗斯与蒙古跨境地区地理研究的成果与展望

IF 0.3

Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823050207

I. N. Vladimirov, A. Dashtseren, D. V. Kobylkin, S. Khadbaatar, I. A. Belozertzeva, A. P. Sofronov

{"title":"Results and Outlook of Geographical Research in the Cross-Border Area between Russia and Mongolia at the Beginning of the 21st Century","authors":"I. N. Vladimirov, A. Dashtseren, D. V. Kobylkin, S. Khadbaatar, I. A. Belozertzeva, A. P. Sofronov","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823050207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823050207","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article presents key research results of the cooperation between the Sochava Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) and the Institute of Geography and Geoecology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. Focus areas and priority directions of collaborative research, resulting in the creation of complex atlases, joint monographs, and other research publications, are described. Particular attention is given to the results of studies of remote areas of the Khövsgöl region. The authors emphasize that the landscapes of cross-border areas are developed very unevenly and require a specially designed approach to the management of natural resources and to the predicting environmental response to negative influences. Priority directions of further geographic and geoecological research related to the study of transportation infrastructure and their socioeconomic consequences are described. Another important research direction is the study of interactions between cultures in different time periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0