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Nodes of Population and Production Concentration in the South of Yenisei Siberia 叶尼塞西伯利亚南部的人口和生产集聚点
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700136
N. V. Vorobyev, A. N. Vorobyev, N. A. Ippolitova
{"title":"Nodes of Population and Production Concentration in the South of Yenisei Siberia","authors":"N. V. Vorobyev, A. N. Vorobyev, N. A. Ippolitova","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700136","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of the study is to identify the spatial relationship between the population and production of the territories of the south of Yenisei Siberia (Krasnoyarsk krai without northern areas, the Republic of Tyva, and the Republic of Khakassia). The study was conducted using statistical, cartographic, and comparative geographic methods; urban districts and municipal areas were chosen as units of statistical observation. The main results include identifying the main urbanized areas and transport corridors in places of maximum population concentration. Thus, the demographic potential of the Krasnoyarsk part of the Trans-Siberian transport corridor makes up more than half of the region’s population, while it receives migrants from peripheral territories. The branches of industrial specialization have been singled out, and a grouping of municipalities of the region has been carried out according to the volume of industrial production (four groups have been identified). The influence of the level of development and distribution of productive forces on the demographic situation and the transformation of settlement systems has been assessed. The correlation between the population size and the volume of industrial production for the set of urban districts is very high (0.98), and for the set of municipal districts it is very weak (0.28), indicating large differences. The consideration of cities as nodes of the supporting framework of the region’s territory shows a very strong correlation between population and industrial development, which is obscured when the analysis is extended to the entire territory of municipal districts. The geographical aspects of spatial development are expressed in the strengthening of the central–peripheral gradients of the concentration of population and production. Modern market conditions through the strengthening of economic contrasts, the weakness of subsidized budgets, and the degradation of local infrastructure affect the demographic situation. In all the regions considered, the dominance of capital cities in terms of demographic and industrial potential has been noted; it is these administrative centers that are regional points of growth. The grouping of municipalities by production volume shows the unevenness of industrial development. The leaders and nodes of the supporting framework of the territory are cities with developed industries of great all-Russian, regional, or export significance, as well as centers with extractive industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geoecological Assessment of the City of Vidnoe Using Multifractal Analysis 利用多分形分析法对维德诺市进行地质生态评估
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700148
B. I. Kochurov, M. A. Movchan
{"title":"Geoecological Assessment of the City of Vidnoe Using Multifractal Analysis","authors":"B. I. Kochurov, M. A. Movchan","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700148","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Modern scientific research in the field of geoecology, urban ecology, and urban planning focuses on the issues of geoecological assessment and the management of sustainable development of urban systems (urban geosystems). This research paper highlights both traditional methods of geoecological assessment, including environmental risk assessment and a comparison of MPC and MPL indicators, as well as modern methods such as remote sensing of the earth (analysis of satellite images) and modeling—a fractal analysis of urban geosystems. In addition, the article uses data from state statistics and environmental monitoring of the city and data from its own field research. It has been revealed that, in order to solve the problems of urban planning and management of territories based on the principles of sustainable development, such a system of geoecological assessment is required that would reflect the degree of development of the structure of urban geosystems, including the deviation of the development of urban geosystems from the optimum in conditions of multicomponent anthropogenic loads and risks of disruption of the sustainable functioning of the urban geosystem. Using the fractal modeling of the impact of anthropogenic factors, data on the deficit or redundancy of their impact were calculated. The advantage of territorial planning and the proposal of measures for the sustainable development of the city of Vidnoe based on fractal analysis consists of justifying the optimal degree of construction and the development of the transport network, reducing the risk of chaotic sprawl of the district and problems (first and foremost, traffic congestion and the pollution of environmental components), and achieving a minimum level of spatial fragmentation of the urban environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of Land Use and Land Cover Change Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam 利用遥感和地理信息系统探测越南巴里哇头省的土地利用和土地覆被变化
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040133
B. B. Thien, V. T. Phuong
{"title":"Detection of Land Use and Land Cover Change Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam","authors":"B. B. Thien, V. T. Phuong","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040133","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are among the global changes resulting from human activity that have the biggest impacts on the ecosystem and the surrounding environment. Detecting and mapping changes in LULC in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province, Vietnam is critical for sustainable development, planning, and management. This study applies the supervised classifier maximum likelihood algorithm in ArcGIS 10.8 software to detect changes in LULC observed in the study area in the period 2000–2020 using multivariate satellite data. For each satellite scene, we applied supervised classification and spectral indices (NDVI-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and NDWI-Normalized Difference Water Index) for the classification and assessment of LULC changes. Areas obtained from Landsat 5 TM for 2000 and 2010 and Landsat 8 OLI for 2020 were checked for accuracy using kappa coefficients of 0.882, 0.891, and 0.915, respectively. The area was classified into five main LULC classes including agriculture, water bodies, forest, settlement, and bare soil/rock. The LULC status and change maps created in ArcGIS 10.8 show a significant change in LULC. The settlement class has increased continuously for 20 years from 128.09 km<sup>2</sup> (2000) to 300.30 km<sup>2</sup> (2020); the agricultural land class has increased by 124.96 km<sup>2</sup> in the period 2000–2020. The remaining three classes, forest, water bodies, and bare soil/rock, all decreased in area during this period. These LULC changes pose a serious threat, impacting and disturbing the environment. The results of this study can be used in management and planning of future land use in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Technogenesis and Geochemistry of Aerosols on the Status of Environment and Public Health in the South of Russia 气溶胶的技术生成和地球化学对俄罗斯南部环境和公众健康状况的影响
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040078
V. V. Dyachenko, V. G. Shemanin, V. V. Vishnevetskaya
{"title":"Influence of Technogenesis and Geochemistry of Aerosols on the Status of Environment and Public Health in the South of Russia","authors":"V. V. Dyachenko, V. G. Shemanin, V. V. Vishnevetskaya","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040078","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of the soil geochemistry study in the south of Russia, assessment of atmospheric pollution and the population health in some cities of Krasnodar region and Rostov Oblast are considered. During more than 30 years repeated soil sampling of different regions (more than 10 thousand samples), settlements (about 3 thousand samples) was carried out, which allowed to comprehensively assess the state of a large biosphere structure environment, where almost 20% of the Russian population lives. The increase in the level of atmospheric pollution and concentrations of chemical elements in soils was found. The negative impact of aeral pollution on the health of the population was revealed, which leads to an increase in the number of upper respiratory tract diseases. The highest degree of aerosol air pollution in the south of Russia is observed in Novorossiysk. According to the results of three-dimensional analysis, the maximum morbidity and mortality rates of newborns are found in areas with old 1–2-storey buildings, and the minimum—in areas of multi-storey buildings. It is shown that the morbidity of the population decreases as the floor of residence increases. Such distribution of morbidity indicates a high level of aerosol pollution of the atmosphere. To confirm the toxicity of urban air pollution, an ecological and geochemical assessment of the solid part of aerosols in comparison with natural deflationary aerosols has been carried out. Geochemical features of different sources of aerosols in the atmospheric surface layer were revealed. It was found that technogenic aerosols are enriched with a number of chemical elements, but especially intensively with polymetals Ag, Pb, Cu and Zn—elements that are not characteristic of the local geological situation and industrial specifics.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140889679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Intracontinental Glaciers of Siberia and East Asia since the Little Ice Age 小冰河时期以来西伯利亚和东亚大陆内冰川的动态变化
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s187537282304011x
V. M. Plyusnin, A. D. Kitov
{"title":"Dynamics of Intracontinental Glaciers of Siberia and East Asia since the Little Ice Age","authors":"V. M. Plyusnin, A. D. Kitov","doi":"10.1134/s187537282304011x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s187537282304011x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We present results from a 10-year study of the local features of mountain glacier dynamics in Central Asia—from the latitudes of the middle taiga of Cisbaikalia and Transbaikalia, through the mountains of the steppe zone of Mongolian Altai and the desert zone of China to the cold deserts of the Himalayas. Multitemporal satellite images were interpreted, making it possible to obtain quantitative information on changes in the area and length of glaciers in key areas of the studied mountain territories. These data are linked to climatic parameters, absolute altitude, permafrost, morphology and tectonics of the mountain ridges, and anthropogenic impact. The study revealed a general trend: the retreat of glaciers starting in the 1970s, with an increase in the average annual air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere by 1.4‒1.6°С. Accelerated glacier melting and a reduction in glacier length were observed from 1990 to 2020, when the most significant warming occurred. The following years with above-average temperatures are highlighted: 1990, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2005, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2019, and 2020. This period also witnessed an increase in the area and length of some glaciers studied in 2013‒2015 and in 2021 associated with abnormal winter precipitation in 2012, 2013, and 2020. It was found that in the mountains in the south of Eastern Siberia, the aforementioned years showed a slowdown in the reduction of the area of glaciers, an increase of the number of perennial snow patches, and an increase in the frequency of snow avalanches. It has been revealed that the glaciers in Siberia, Mongolian Altai, and the Altyn-Tag Range retreated from the terminal moraines of the Little Ice Age by an average of 500 m; on the Karlyktag Range, 800‒900 m; and in the Himalayas (Langtang area), from 1 to 4.5 km.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictive Assessment of Socioeconomic Damage to Coastal Areas of Irkutsk Oblast as a Result of Lake Baikal Level Fluctuations 贝加尔湖水位波动对伊尔库茨克州沿海地区社会经济损失的预测评估
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040145
T. I. Zabortceva, G. B. Dugarova, O. V. Evstropieva, O. V. Gagarinova, O. A. Ignatova, P. V. Rogov
{"title":"Predictive Assessment of Socioeconomic Damage to Coastal Areas of Irkutsk Oblast as a Result of Lake Baikal Level Fluctuations","authors":"T. I. Zabortceva, G. B. Dugarova, O. V. Evstropieva, O. V. Gagarinova, O. A. Ignatova, P. V. Rogov","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040145","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents for the first time the results of practice-oriented investigations for determining the magnitude of socioeconomic damage to coastal areas of Lake Baikal as a result of the highest rise of its level (457.85 m according to the Pacific Reference Frame). The study area includes the coastal areas of Baikal and some areas of the Irkutsk reservoir of Irkutsk oblast within the Slyudyansky, Irkutsky, and Olkhonsky administrative districts. When compiling the list of sites falling within the zone of potential submergence, we used the open public database of the Unified State Registry of Real Estate and a package of working large-scale cartographic products and images. Expeditions made it possible to update, correct, and complement the working registry. The list of economic facilities and infrastructure (about 200) falling within the zone of potential submergence, includes line structures, enterprises of social services, and households. A calculation of economic damage to facilities of socioeconomic activity is presented using recommended technique of assessing probable damage from the harmful effect of water and assessing the effectiveness of preventive hydroeconomic measures (as of the year 2006). The amount of damage (to facilities and main sectoral groups) is corrected using the deflator index (as of 2022 in the “construction” position in Irkutsk oblast)). Potential losses (lost profit) are illustrated by the example of recreational activity on the shores of Baikal within the boundaries of Irkutsk oblast. The possible considerable losses have been revealed in the recreational sphere as a result of direct damage to facilities and infrastructure, as well as lost profits due to a loss of attractiveness of coastal areas, including beach zones. A preliminary quantitative assessment of socioeconomic damage to coastal administrative districts of Irkutsk oblast as a result of water level fluctuations in Lake Baikal and the Irkutsk reservoir may well provide a basis for developing program-strategic directions and measures and for seeking managerial decisions of a preventive nature for minimizing negative impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geographical Objects as Systems: Adequate Properties and Functions 作为系统的地理物体:适当的属性和功能
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s187537282304008x
V. B. Korobov, B. I. Kochurov, A. S. Lokhov, A. G. Tutygin
{"title":"Geographical Objects as Systems: Adequate Properties and Functions","authors":"V. B. Korobov, B. I. Kochurov, A. S. Lokhov, A. G. Tutygin","doi":"10.1134/s187537282304008x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s187537282304008x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The concept of a “system” is analyzed. The basic properties of systems are established. It is revealed that all its elements must be interrelated and be in interaction; the system interacts with the external environment as a whole, and division in it occurs from whole to parts. It is concluded that with respect to geographical objects, these requirements are too stringent, because then there arises the need for mandatory implementation of all conditions inherent in systems. And this is not always possible, because the realization of goals in accordance with which the object is formed may require consideration of independent factors. It is shown that not all geographical and related objects—sociogeographical and geoecological—meet the requirements on classical systems, because some (and sometimes all) of their components (or influencing factors) are not mutually dependent. A virtual example of a problem is given, namely, selection of the optimal location of an object out of several alternatives, consisting of several groups of factors, illustrating the absence of direct links between some of the components of the object. It is proposed to call such objects “nonsystem” objects. In contrast to systems, for them it is possible to form the structure from the bottom up, from particular to general, combining, if necessary, the components of the object into groups. This makes it possible to consistently complicate the object of research as necessary. At the same time, a number of factors, such as seasonal factors, can change their importance over time, which leads to the transition of objects from the “system” to the “nonsystem” state, and vice versa. Factors the influence of which is spatially limited can lead to similar consequences. A graphical interpretation of the concepts of “system” and “nonsystem object” provided in the form of oriented graphs, the edges of which represent groups of components (influencing factors). With such an approach, systems can be considered as a special case of objects in which all components are interrelated. At the same time, systems can be components of complex nonsystem objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transformation of International Labor Migration in the Russian Far East in the Post-Soviet Period 后苏联时期俄罗斯远东地区国际劳动力迁移的转变
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040091
S. N. Mishchuk
{"title":"Transformation of International Labor Migration in the Russian Far East in the Post-Soviet Period","authors":"S. N. Mishchuk","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040091","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of the study is to analyze the transformation of the sectoral and territorial structure of international labor migrants in the Far East in the post-Soviet period. The subject for study is international labor migration in the Far Eastern regions. In contrast to earlier studies on similar topics, this paper analyzes the change in the structure of migration both at the levels of districts and individual regions of the Far East. It is shown that changes in the structure of labor migration in the Russian Far East correspond to all-Russian trends with a time lag of 10 years. While in general throughout Russia a steady excess of labor migrants from neighboring countries with visa-free regimes has been observed since the mid-2000s, overall throughout the Far East, it has been observed since the mid-2010s. It was found that by the beginning of the 2020s, a sectoral specialization of labor migrants from non-CIS and CIS countries had formed in the labor market of Far Eastern regions. It was established that the ratio of migrants’ categories differs in individual regions. It was determined that a list of source countries and the sectoral structure of foreign workers’ employment for countries with visa regimes formed from countries with visa regimes in the structure of labor migration of the Far East; however, the ratio of the countries has changed. China remains the leader, and citizens of Turkey, Vietnam, and Serbia also occupy a stable position in the Far Eastern labor market. In the Far Eastern labor market, among citizens of CIS countries, citizens of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan are in the lead. It is shown that the Far Eastern regions are characterized by deconcentration of skilled and highly skilled labor migrants and by their distribution in a larger number of regions than before.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reforestation in Postagricultural Areas of Western Transbaikalia 在外贝加尔西部农业后地区重新造林
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040121
A. P. Sizykh, V. I. Voronin, V. A. Oskolkov, A. P. Gritsenyuk
{"title":"Reforestation in Postagricultural Areas of Western Transbaikalia","authors":"A. P. Sizykh, V. I. Voronin, V. A. Oskolkov, A. P. Gritsenyuk","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040121","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article establishes the tendencies of forest formation in fallow lands of different ages, currently used as rangelands, in postagricultural areas of Western Transbaikalia. Assessments of the nature of the restorative dynamics of forests in fallow lands extensively reference the typological and species composition of phytocenoses of the surrounding areas that have never been used for tilling. It is established that herbaceous communities currently emerging in fallow lands and steppe areas include tree species such as Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.), more rarely Siberian larch (<i>Larix sibirica</i> Ledeb<i>.</i>), and sometimes Siberian elm (<i>Ulmus pumila</i> L<i>.</i>). It has been determined that, once removed from intensive pasture rotation, plant communities gradually restore a layered structure and show an increase in the species diversity of plants and in their abundance in communities. At the same time, it is noted that pine is actively advancing into herbaceous (steppe) communities of plant species typical of the forest–steppe and steppe. It has been found that the age composition of pine specimen varies from 2–5-year-old individuals to 20–25-year-old trees growing in isolated groups in fallow lands throughout the study area. It is noted that areas of fallow lands that are adjacent to a closed forest stand tend to have a fairly closed undergrowth, regardless of orographic features of the territory. The ground cover of such groupings is noted to have a significant presence of plant species characteristic of zonal light coniferous forests. That is likely to indicate an early stage of formation of zonal-type light coniferous taiga. A restraining factor in the development of forests in fallow and steppe lands in the study region is the potential increase in anthropogenic influences, mainly grazing regimes, due to an increased number of farms. Human activity in the area often involves periodic anthropogenic fires deliberately set in order to preserve rangelands. Pine undergrowth is also simply felled, both on fallow lands and in adjacent territories. That is, in many respects, a crucial factor for the possibility of formation and development of forests on postagricultural territories in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soil Resources of Southern Siberia 南西伯利亚的土壤资源
IF 0.3
Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1134/s1875372823040030
O. I. Bazhenova, E. M. Tyumentseva, A. A. Cherkashina, V. A. Golubtsov, S. A. Tukhta
{"title":"Soil Resources of Southern Siberia","authors":"O. I. Bazhenova, E. M. Tyumentseva, A. A. Cherkashina, V. A. Golubtsov, S. A. Tukhta","doi":"10.1134/s1875372823040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372823040030","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article considers the issues of soil degradation and the possibility of conserving and restoring soil fertility in southern regions of Siberia. Long-term stationary research data is synthesized in order to determine the mechanism of erosion processes and obtain quantitative data on soil losses depending on key factors of water and wind erosion. Particular attention is given to the periodically extreme nature of processes that cause catastrophic soil degradation. Patterns of changes in the structure of processes that require agricultural soil conservation measures are revealed. The mechanism of soil erosion and soil degradation rate changes in the west to east direction along the belt of steppes and forest–steppes of southern Siberia. In the south of Western Siberia, the pressing issue is protecting soils from thawing erosion, in Khakassia the particular hazard is soil deflation, and in Cis-Baikal and Transbaikal region soil degradation is exacerbated by the combined effect of rainfall erosion and deflation. The results of a quantitative cartographic assessment of erosion hazard levels based on empirical models of potential soil loss and deflation are presented for the major agricultural regions with a case study of the Irkutsk–Cheremkhovo plain and the Nazarovskaya and Yuzhno-Minusinskaya depressions. A decrease in erosion soil losses as a result of socioeconomic agriculture reforms and a significant reduction in the area of agricultural land in the early 1990s and in the post-reform period (2010–2017) are noted. It is emphasized that the re-expansion of agricultural land observed in recent years creates the necessity of large-scale inventory mapping of erosion processes in southern Siberia. That data can be used to select an optimal nature management policy that promotes conservation of soil resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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