Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Brief Considerations on the Relevance of the Inter-Religious Dialogue for the Mediation of the Conflicts and the Abolition of the Religious Violence from an Orthodox Perspective","authors":"Stelian Manolache","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3388129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3388129","url":null,"abstract":"In a globalized world, where the poverty from side of the world is in contrast with the richness of another part, where the big cultures try to put in the shadow the small cultures of the world, religion will assume as main missionary objective the research of the manner in which the ethical discourse, the spiritual values and the philanthropic actions - determinant markers of any contemporary religion – can mediate the conflicts, the disputes and the violence inspired by religion or with inter-religious connotations. We intend to present brief considerations on the capacity of the institutionalized Christian religion to fulfill, through dialogue, the ontological and social vocation for the absorption of the violence through an irenic social-philanthropic action inspired by religion.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124354544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Economy of the Globalization Backlash: Sources and Implications","authors":"J. Frieden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3355610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3355610","url":null,"abstract":"A backlash against globalization has led to widespread political movements hostile both to economic integration and to existing political institutions throughout the advanced industrial world. Openness to the movement of goods, capital, and people has had important distributional effects. These effects have been particularly marked in communities dependent upon traditional manufacturing, some of which have experienced a downward spiral from the direct economic effects of foreign competition through broader economic decline to serious social problems. Those harmed by globalization have lashed out both at economic integration, and at the elites they hold responsible for their troubles. Political discontent is in part due to failures of compensation – insufficient provision of social safety nets for those harmed by economic trends. It is also due to failures of representation – the belief that prevailing political parties and politicians have not paid adequate attention to the problems faced by large groups of voters. Countries vary on both dimensions, as do national experiences with the populist upsurge. Previously dominant socio-economic interests and political actors may act to try to address this dissatisfaction, but the path faces serious economic and political obstacles.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122093647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stationary Bandits, State Capacity, and the Malthusian Transition: The Lasting Impact of the Taiping Rebellion","authors":"L. Xu, Li Yang","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8620","url":null,"abstract":"The Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864) in China was the deadliest civil war in history. This paper provides evidence that this cataclysmic event significantly shaped the Malthusian transition and long-term development that followed, especially in areas where the experiences that stemmed from the rebellion led to better property rights, stronger local fiscal capacity, and rule by leaders with longer-term governance horizons. More than one and a half centuries after the rebellion’s end, population increases from pre-war levels remain 38 to 67 percent lower in areas that were affected by the rebellion than in those that were unaffected. Moreover, areas that were affected by the rebellion have, on average, greater fiscal capacity and modern economic sectors to the present day. Two channels for the effects of the rebellion are stationary banditry (manifested by varying property rights and the rebellion area's proximity to the Taiping capital), and the wartime strengthening of fiscal capacity. The analysis shows evidence of complementarity between wartime state capacity and local institutions, and of the long-term benefits of fiscal decentralization in a large country. Furthermore, initial human capital is strongly associated with long-term development.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126971225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Elections Management to Security in a Regional Complex: Kenya's 2007 Election in East Africa","authors":"Dr. Thomas Otieno Juma (PhD)","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3245715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3245715","url":null,"abstract":"Security in different regions of the world is a complex endeavour. The best way to describe regions made of states is \"regional complex\", this is because it is a composition of states, entities that have ever changing and clashing interests which are best achieved through interdependency. Among other security issues in world regions, election management has never been out rightly a serious challenge to security. In the aftermath of Kenya's 2007 election management, the East Africa region witnessed what this research considers a Regional Security Complex (RSC) with many challenges which this study attempted to interrogate. The challenges of elections management tended to affect the operations of the progressively building regional East African Community (EAC) among others since a focal partner's stability was at stake to the extent of hampering trade (imports and exports), transportation, and manufacture. In addition to these, it affected some people to extents of becoming refugees. To make the study useful for researchers in as far as challenges of elections management to security in a regional complex is concerned, the author made attempts to; find causes of insecurity in East Africa region, examine how Kenya's 2007 election's management effects replicated to security of her neighbouring countries, analyze the general effects of Kenya's 2007 electoral management to neighbouring countries, and finally, it assessed the spillover effects of election management insecurity to neighbouring countries. Through these objectives, it became apparent that causes of insecurity in world's geographically interlinked states have similarities, challenges of elections management to security in a regional complex such as East Africa are affected by the stability of focal states, and that cross border spillovers affect power structures of states and ultimately regional politics as in Africa's young regionalization. Indeed, issues of national security in the interdependent world are international security by nature. This research used a case study design purposively conducted and by collecting data using questionnaires across the study scope. The SPSS tool aided the researcher in additional analysis.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114205435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragilité régionale, capacité de l’État et guerre civile (Regional Vulnerability, State Capacity, and Civil War)","authors":"Arthur Silve, T. Verdier","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3250807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3250807","url":null,"abstract":"<b>French Abstract:</b> Il est fréquent que de voir des guerres civiles éclater simultanément dans des pays voisins. Ceci tient notamment à ce que ces pays présentent des caractéristiques communes, et aussi à ce qu’une guerre civile favorise l’apparition de conflits dans les pays voisins. La littérature empirique dissocie habituellement ces deux explications. Nous proposons un modèl de la contagion des guerres civiles, qui illustre que certaines caractéristiques des pays sont affectées par le risque de contagion. En particulier, un gouvernement peut éviter la contagion en investissant dans la qualité de ses institutions. La complémentarité stratégique entre les institutions de pays voisins génère des regroupements de pays selon leur capacité étatique. Ceci suggère que les effets de contagion ont pu jusque là être sous-estimés par la littérature empirique. <b>English Abstract:</b> Civil wars tend to cluster in time and in space. Similar geographical characteristics, resource endowments, and climatic conditions, may favor conflict simultaneously in neighbor countries. Moreover, civil conflict in one country often spills over to neighboring countries. The empirical literature usually considers these two explanations separately. We propose a model of the contagion of civil wars, which suggests that the risk of contagion has an impact of domestic features of a neighbor. In particular, a government can prevent contagion through investment in better institutions. This channel is the source of a strategic complementarity between the institutions of neighboring countries. This explains a pattern of clustering of countries according to their institutions, and suggests that contagion effect may have been underestimated by the empirical literature.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115295523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markets for Rebellions? The Rebellions of 1837-38 in Lower Canada","authors":"Vincent J. Geloso, Vadim Kufenko","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3235561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3235561","url":null,"abstract":"In 1837-38, the British colonies of Upper and Lower Canada rebelled. The rebellion was most virulent in the latter of the two colonies. Historians have argued that economic consideration were marginal in explaining the causes of the rebellions. To make this claim, they argue that the areas that rebelled in Lower Canada were among the richest in the colony, and the least likely to be motivated by economic factors. In this paper, we use the census of 1831 and databases of rebellious events to question this claim. We argue that the rich areas were more prone to rebellion because they were where markets were most developed. These well-developed markets allowed for cheaper coordination of seditious elements while also increasing the wealth (i.e. the rent) over which to fight.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129754320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coups, Regime Transition, and the Dynamics of Press Freedom","authors":"C. Bjørnskov, A. Freytag, Jerg Gutmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3275370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3275370","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the dynamics of press freedom around events that threaten or oust the incumbent regime of a country. While democracies on average grant the press more freedom, our theoretical starting point is that democracies and autocracies may have similar incentives to protect the power of the governing regime. A priori it is, nevertheless, not clear whether democracies or autocracies react more harshly – by silencing or controlling the media – to an attempt to overthrow the government. We estimate the dynamics of press freedom around both failed and successful coups and find that although press freedom is quite stable, successful coups lead to a substantial reduction in press freedom. This is, however, only the case when the coup is directed against a democratically elected government.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116548657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Forced Migration on Demographics, Labor Market, and Welfare","authors":"Aykut Mert Yakut","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3230437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3230437","url":null,"abstract":"The seven years of the civil war in Syria has led to thousands of deaths and the flight of a quarter of the pre-war population from their homeland. This paper focuses on the effects of 3.5 million displaced Syrians on the Turkish economy via an intertemporal CGE analysis. The results highlight adverse labor market outcomes for natives and support similar findings in the related literature. On the other hand, due to increasing government expenditure intended to provide essential humanitarian services to incoming Syrians, the picture changes remarkably. Declining informal employment, lower inflation, and positive economic growth are favorable outcomes. These are traded-off against worsening the most vulnerable household groups' shares in total disposable income. Moreover, if some of the Syrians are formally employed, the economic growth and employment generation are getting stronger at the expense of even worsened size distribution of income.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120893502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Smuggling Under Risk: Evidence From the Mediterranean","authors":"Kara Ross Camarena, Sarah Claudy, Jijun Wang, Austin L. Wright","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3316970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3316970","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2007, the number of refugees fleeing conflict and violence has doubled to about 25 million. Mass migration has destabilized the European Union, lead to broad changes in national immigration policies, and triggered the resurgence of far right, xenophobic political parties. Yet little is known about how illicit human smuggling institutions may be driving migration and the subsequent political changes. We leverage granular data on migrant flows across the Mediterranean, coupled with information about sea routes, riots at port cities, and wave conditions, to conduct two studies. We find substantial evidence that migrant flows respond to political and environmental risks as well as a government-led counter-smuggling intervention. These findings clarify drivers of migration and suggest actions that can be taken to mitigate human smuggling.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122920543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting Fire with Aid: Development Assistance as Counterinsurency Tool - Evidence for Colombia","authors":"Edgar H. Sanchez-Cuevas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3252202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3252202","url":null,"abstract":"I study the causal effect of the foreign aid for development assistance —implemented by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)— on the intensity of municipality-level armed conflict in Colombia, for the period 2009-2013. To address potential endogeneity biases, I use a Bartik-like instrument which exploits the spatial persistence of aid from USAID in Colombia. Specifically, I instrument foreign aid with the interaction between the United States GDP and municipality-level intent-to-treat indicators for the Malaria Eradication Campaigns (circa 1957). The results point out that foreign aid reduces the insurgency associated with left-wing guerrillas, especially FARC. However, foreign aid does not affect the violence associated with criminal gangs from right-wing paramilitary origins (BACRIM). I provide both quantitative and anecdotic evidence on two potential mechanisms behind my results: (i) Development programs raise the opportunity cost of fighting and; (ii) foreign aid improves the trust, and the information flows between civilians and the government. Finally, I provide empirical evidence that casts doubt on two alternative channels whose predictions cannot be reconciled with the results: (i) that foreign aid increases the potentially- looted rents by the insurgents and; (ii) that development programs rise targeted assassinations committed by insurgents to sabotage and reestablish bargaining power.","PeriodicalId":447041,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Studies: Intra-State Conflict eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117090725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}