ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Heterogeneity in Survey Response According to Gender: A Survey Experiment in Rural India","authors":"Maria Laura Alzúa, Noemí Katzkowicz, Maria Adelaida Lopera","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3163532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3163532","url":null,"abstract":"Eliciting information from household surveys is important in order to better target social policies. In the presence of heterogeneity in answers between couples regarding issues related to household members’ welfare, policies intended to benefit some members, for example, gender targeted policies, may end up being ineffective. Our survey experiment varies the respondent (husband, wife or couple) randomly to an extensive household survey conducted in rural India. We found stark differences between respondents with respect to several household decisions, with women’s answers being significantly different to men’s and couple’s answers, which were similar.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115616186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policing in America: Understanding Public Attitudes Toward the Police. Results from a National Survey","authors":"Emily E. Ekins","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2919449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2919449","url":null,"abstract":"While 68% of white Americans have a favorable view of the police, only 40% of African Americans and 59% of Hispanics have a favorable view. Attitudes have changed little since the 1970s when 67% of whites and 43% of blacks reported favorable views of the police. Racial minorities do not have monolithic attitudes toward the police. This report finds that Hispanics’ perceptions of police occupy a “middle ground” between black and white Americans’ views.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125450066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary to the U.S. Copyright Office Regarding the Section 512 Study: Higher Education and the DMCA Safe Harbors","authors":"C. Cotropia, James J. Gibson","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2846107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2846107","url":null,"abstract":"The nearly twenty-year history of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act’s safe harbor provisions has been marked by criticism from content owners, online service providers, and end users. Content owners complain about the cost of monitoring online content and sending take-down notices. Online service providers complain about the cost of receiving and processing the notices. And end users complain about their legitimate use of copyrighted works being subject to DMCA take-down. Colleges and universities have been at the forefront of this controversy; as providers of online services to their students, they have been a focus of both Congress and copyright owners. To study the effect of the safe harbor provisions on such institutions, and particularly the nature, volume, and cost of the notice-and-takedown system, we surveyed colleges and universities about their copyright and DMCA practices. The results expose infirmities in the administration of the DMCA system, both within the world of higher education and within the U.S. Copyright Office, and suggest that colleges and universities need to (1) take better advantage of the safe harbors and (2) correct certain fundamental misunderstandings of important and essential aspects of the DMCA.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134299451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbeitszeitrealitaeten Und Arbeitszeitwuensche in Deutschland: Methodische Unterschiede Ihrer Erfassung Im SOEP Und Mikrozensus (Desired and Actual Working Hours in Germany: Methodological Differences in Measurement between SOEP and Mikrozensus)","authors":"E. Holst, J. Bringmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2818955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2818955","url":null,"abstract":"German Abstract: Die Debatte um Arbeitszeiten und deren Regulierung wird in der deutschen Offentlichkeiterneut gefuhrt. Empirische Grundlage sind dabei haufig Studien auf Basis des Mikrozensusoder des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP), die teilweise erhebliche Unterschiede in ihrenErgebnissen aufweisen (Rengers 2015, Holst/Wieber 2014). In dem vorliegenden Beitragwird den Ursachen fur diese Unterschiede nachgegangen. Eine Anpassung der SOEP-Datenan die Struktur der Beschaftigtengruppen des Mikrozensus und den Definitionen und Abgrenzungenvon Rengers (2015) fuhrt nur teilweise zu einer Annaherung der Ergebnisse. ErstBerechnungen zu „potenziellen“ Auswirkungen von Unterschieden in den Erhebungsinstrumentengeben entscheidende Hinweise. So kommen wir zu der Einschatzung, dass mit demMikrozensus der Anteil der Uberbeschaftigten und damit einhergehend der Anteil der Erwerbstatigenmit Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen insgesamt eher unterschatzt wird. Im SOEP werdendie Arbeitszeitwunsche bezogen auf Nebenerwerbstatigkeit nicht spezifisch erfasst. Inwelchem Mase dies die Arbeitszeitdiskrepanzen beeinflusst, bleibt noch offen. Die Ergebnisseauf Basis des SOEP durften eher eine Obergrenze darstellen. In beiden Surveys ist beiden Fragen zur gewunschten Arbeitszeit zudem noch zu klaren, (1) inwieweit die Aufforderungzur Verdienstanpassung uberlesen oder sogar missverstanden wird, (2) inwieweit auchzukunftige Zeitraume bei der Beantwortung mitgedacht und (3) inwiefern vereinbarte odertatsachliche Arbeitszeit als Ankerpunkte gewahlt werden. English Abstract: There is renewed public debate in Germany on working hours and their regulation. Often studies using data from the Mikrozensus or Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) provide the empirical basis for discussion, but the two studies differ - in some cases substantially - in their results (Rengers 2015, Holst/Wieber 2014). This article looks at the reasons for these differences. Adapting SOEP data to the structure of employee groups in the Mikrozensus and the definitions proposed by Rengers (2015) would overcome only some of the differences. Our initial estimates of the potential impacts of differences in the survey instruments provide important insights. We conclude that the Mikrozensus tends to underestimate the percentage of overemployed workers and thus also underestimates the overall percentage of employed people with discrepancies in working hours. The SOEP does not ask respondents specifically about desired working hours in relation to their employment in second jobs. To what extent this affects the discrepancies in working hours remains unclear. Results based on the SOEP probably represent an upper limit. In both surveys, the questions on desired working hours should also be adapted to address: (1) the extent to which earnings adjustments are being overlooked or misunderstood, (2) the extent to which future plans are being taken into consideration in survey responses, and (3) the extent to which agreed or actual working","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Considerations with Using Mobile Phone Survey Incentives: Experiences in Ghana and Tanzania","authors":"B. Leo, R. Morello","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2841010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2841010","url":null,"abstract":"As mobile phone surveys are gaining popularity among researchers and practitioners in international development, one primary challenge is improving survey response and completion rates. A common solution is to provide monetary compensation to respondents. This paper reports on our experience with using incentives with a mobile phone survey conducted in Ghana and Tanzania in June 2015. We find that extrinsic incentives – transfers of airtime – improve survey completion rates by roughly 6 to 8 percentage points. We also find that an SMS notification, aimed at increasing intrinsic motivation to complete the survey, has a comparable positive effect. Considering three levels of compensation (airtime transfers), we find that the supply curve of completed surveys appears to be fairly inelastic. In other words, small amounts of incentives have a similar effect as larger incentives. We also find little evidence of the extrinsic incentives skewing the demographics of the completed samples. However, we do find some evidence that the SMS treatment may have skewed the sample toward wealthier and more educated respondents. Finally, we found that the cost per completed response is not substantially less for every incentive or combination of incentives, compared to the group that did not receive any incentives. Considering these results, we would recommend the consideration of modest monetary compensation as a way of increasing response and completion rates. Nonetheless, a complete lack of extrinsic incentives may remain the most cost effective way to gather completed responses without any associated risk of skewing the survey sample. However, if higher completion rates are desired, a small monetary compensation would be most cost effective with lower risks of biasing the completed sample.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information System Quality and Web Compatibility of Korea Tourism Organization's Foreign Language Homepage","authors":"Jang-Hyeon Nam, Y. Kim","doi":"10.16980/jitc.12.2.201604.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/jitc.12.2.201604.59","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to analyze the information system quality of Korea Tourism Organization (KTO)’s website in foreign language versions that target foreigners and to evaluate the web compatibility of the KTO website with various web browsers. To examine the differences in the information system quality of the KTO website for specific countries, data were collected by distributing 89 copies of a questionnaire in English, 93 in Chinese, and 91 in Japanese. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with SPSS 23.0. Results of the analysis show that the three groups significantly differed on all information system quality components except “usage convenience.” As for the information system quality, the Japanese website group ranked it as first, followed by the Chinese website group and the English website group. To look into the compatibility of the KTO website in foreign language versions, a website analyzing tool called Sort Site was used. The result shows that the English website and the Japanese website of KTO have 3 types of minor issues on page 8 and there were one major issue and 3 minor issues on page 10 in the Chinese website. The result of this research can strengthen the competitiveness of Korean tourism.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130212861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big Data versus a Survey","authors":"S. Whitaker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2543571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2543571","url":null,"abstract":"Economists are shifting attention and resources from work on survey data to work on “big data.” This analysis is an empirical exploration of the trade-offs this transition requires. Parallel models are estimated using the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Consumer Credit Panel/Equifax and the Survey of Consumer Finances. After adjustments to account for different variable definitions and sampled populations, it is possible to arrive at similar models of total household debt. However, the estimates are sensitive to the adjustments. Little similarity is observed in parallel models of nonmortgage debt. While surveys intentionally collect theoretically related variables, it may be necessary to merge external data into commercial big data. In this example, some education and income measures are successfully integrated with the big data, but other external aggregates fail to adequately substitute for survey responses. Big data offers sample sizes, frequencies, and details that surveys cannot match. However, this example illustrates why caution is appropriate when attempting to substitute big data for a carefully executed survey.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133629591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bootstrap Consistency for Quadratic Forms of Sample Averages with Increasing Dimension","authors":"Demian Pouzo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2526644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2526644","url":null,"abstract":"This paper establishes consistency of the weighted bootstrap for quadratic forms $left( n^{-1/2} sum_{i=1}^{n} Z_{i,n} right)^{T}left( n^{-1/2} sum_{i=1}^{n} Z_{i,n} right)$ where $(Z_{i,n})_{i=1}^{n}$ are mean zero, independent $mathbb{R}^{d}$-valued random variables and $d=d(n)$ is allowed to grow with the sample size $n$, slower than $n^{1/4}$. The proof relies on an adaptation of Lindeberg interpolation technique whereby we simplify the original problem to a Gaussian approximation problem. We apply our bootstrap results to model-specification testing problems when the number of moments is allowed to grow with the sample size.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127039495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Этнография «Бумажных» Квартирных Опросов (The Ethnography of 'Paper-Based' Household Surveys)","authors":"Elena Vyugovskaya, Nadezhda Galieva, Dmitriy M. Rogozin","doi":"10.14515/MONITORING.2014.5.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14515/MONITORING.2014.5.03","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Квартирные опросы сегодня продолжают оставаться самым востребованным инструментом сбора социологической информации, позволяющим получать сведения максимально полные и качественные. Однако качество информации, полученной в ходе личного интервью, во многом определяется качеством работы интервьюера. Это выражается в его осознанном стремлении выполнить все инструкции и не допустить недоброкачественных сведений на полевом этапе вследствие искажения формулировок вопросов, нарушения их очередности и т.д. Зачастую большое количество ошибок поля сводятся к фальсификациям интервьюеров, в свою очередь, обусловленным отсутствием предварительной подготовки и инструктажа.Авторы данной статьи предприняли попытку посмотреть, как устроен полевой этап исследования с применением технологий квартирного опроса и как организована работа интервьюеров, устроившись внештатными сотрудниками в одну из лидирующих опросных компаний.В ходе исследования обнаружено, что методическая организация работы интервьюеров (в том числе групповые инструктажи, тренинги) практически отсутствует и выражается лишь в единичных правилах, появляющихся от случая к случаю. Интервьюеры вовсе не включены в процесс работы компании и вынуждены действовать по наитию, самостоятельно ориентируясь и по собственному почину продумывая тактики оптимизации работы на просторах исследовательского поля. Отсутствие регулярного взаимодействия с коллегами и руководством побуждает интервьюеров создавать собственные практики и правила поведения, основанные на фальсификациях и фабрикациях, в чем авторы убедились на собственном опыте проведения опросов.English Abstract: Household surveys are still the most popular tool for gathering sociological data, while they allow to get the most comprehensive and proper information. However, the quality of information obtained through personal interviews, is largely determined by the quality of the interviewer’s work. It is reflected in his or her conscious desire to fulfill all the instructions and avoid substandard information during a fieldwork, which appears due to questions’ distortion, violation of their priority, etc. Often a large number of field errors come down to the interviewers’ fraud caused, in turn, by lack of prior training and coaching. The authors of this article joined one of the leading polling companies as freelancers in attempt to see how the field phase of the research based on a household survey technology and the interviewers’ work are organized.The study found that the methodical organization of interviewers’ work (including group coaching and training) is practically nonexistent and is expressed only in a few rules emerging from case to case. Interviewers are not included in the process of the company functioning and are forced to act on a whim, orienting by themselves and considering work optimization tactics on their own initiative in a vast field of research. The authors see firsthand through their experience of conducting surveys t","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116820276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Match for Statistical Matches Using the American Time Use Survey 2010, the Survey of Consumer Finances 2010, and the Annual Social and Economic Supplement 2011","authors":"F. Ríos‐Avila","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2432153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2432153","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the quality of the statistical matching between the March 2011 supplement to the Current Population Survey and the 2010 American Time Use Survey and Survey of Consumer Finances, which are used as the basis for the 2010 LIMEW estimates for the United States. In the first part of the paper, the alignment of the datasets is examined. In the second, various aspects of the match quality are described. The results indicate that the matches are of high quality, with some indication of bias in specific cases.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129301905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}