Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4102
Rodrigo Contreras Molina, Marcelo Berho Castillo
{"title":"[Placenta: motivations, uses, and meanings in south central Chile].","authors":"Rodrigo Contreras Molina, Marcelo Berho Castillo","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motivations, uses, and meanings given to the placenta by women and men in south central Chile are analyzed, following the implementation of Technical Standard 189 by the Ministry of Health, which allowed people to request their placentas after giving birth on hospital grounds. From an ethnographic approach to the sociocultural uses of placentas, in-depth interviews were carried out with women and their partners between July and November 2019; individual narratives were recorded, as well as conversations between Mapuche women and men who had requested their placenta in three Chilean regions (Araucania, Metropolitan, and Arica and Parinacota). This article focuses on four cases that illustrate the diversity of practices and knowledge surrounding the placenta - inscribed in sociocultural, territorial, political, spiritual, and religious frameworks - according to actors' sociocultural origins. To conclude, the cases are compared in order to highlight both similarities and differences, and some challenges derived from the findings are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4059
María Victoria Tiseyra, Mercedes Vila Ortiz, Mariana Romero, Edgardo Abalos, Silvina Ramos
{"title":"[Barriers in access to legal abortion in the public health system in two Argentine jurisdictions: Rosario and Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, 2019-2020].","authors":"María Victoria Tiseyra, Mercedes Vila Ortiz, Mariana Romero, Edgardo Abalos, Silvina Ramos","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, decisive events shaping the political and social context surrounding abortion in Argentina culminated in the passing of the Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy (IVE in Spanish) Law in December 2020. The objective of this article is to explore the main barriers to accessing legal abortions in the public health system faced by women during 2019 and 2020 in two Argentine jurisdictions, Rosario and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Based on an adaptation of the \"three phases of delay\" framework, surveys and semi-structured interviews with 117 women were conducted. Study participants reported difficulties in accessing information about the places and people to turn to for abortions, and most stated that pregnant individuals lack information regarding their legality. Although the majority of interviewees reported positive experiences with health services, they also identified some administrative and institutional barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4190
Antonio Ugalde, Fernando Hellmann, Núria Homedes
{"title":"Inequity in access to vaccines: the failure of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Antonio Ugalde, Fernando Hellmann, Núria Homedes","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article summarizes the strategies used to rapidly develop COVID-19 vaccines and distribute them globally, with an emphasis on vaccines developed in western nations. It is based on interviews and information gathered regarding the response to the pandemic, both from international organizations and official documents from Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. While vaccine development has been hailed as successful, their global distribution has been highly unequal. We look at how the pandemic succeeded in mobilizing large quantities of government resources, and how citizens volunteered their bodies so that clinical trials could be completed quickly. However, patents prevented the expansion of manufacturing capacity, and the governments of a few wealthy countries prioritized the protection - and in some cases overprotection - of their citizens at the expense of protecting the rest of world's population. Among the major beneficiaries of the global response to the pandemic are the leading vaccine companies, their executives, and investors. The article concludes with some of the lessons learned in this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10465808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4062
Franca Ongaro Basaglia
{"title":"[Introduction to Gregorio Bermann's Mental Health in China].","authors":"Franca Ongaro Basaglia","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This text presents a translation of Franca Ongaro Basaglia's \"Introduzione\" to the Italian edition of Gregorio Bermann's book La salute mentale in Cina, published by Giulio Einaudi in 1972. Franca Ongaro was born in Venice in 1928. Upon completing her studies at a classical secondary school, she began to write children's literature. In 1953, she married Franco Basaglia and took his surname. The Gorizia psychiatric hospital impacted her interests and solidified her commitment to transforming the institutions and culture surrounding madness. She authored several essays with Franco Basaglia and other members of the group at Gorizia, and was a tireless researcher and feminist activist. Between 1983 and 1992, she was twice elected senator for the Independent Left, and from that position led a cultural and parliamentary crusade to enact the principles of psychiatric reform and authored the project to implement Law 180 - which had been passed by Parliament in 1978 - which set into motion the dismantling of Italy's psychiatric hospitals. Franca Ongaro Basaglia died in her Venice home on January 13, 2005.</p>","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10465807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4194
Paulo Amarante
{"title":"[For a psychiatry in defense of life].","authors":"Paulo Amarante","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10465810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4053
Hugo Spinelli
{"title":"[Abraham Flexner: the life trajectory of an educator].","authors":"Hugo Spinelli","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article centers on the life of Abraham Flexner, widely known in the field of health for the Flexner Report published in 1910, which is considered one of the most important theoretical discussions in the history of medical education. Flexner was first and foremost an educator, belonging to the progressive education movement led by John Dewey in the United States. The text analyzes the historical moment in which the health field began to consolidate in the United States, as well as the actors involved, the interests at play, the construction of doxa, and the role of philanthropic organizations and the American Medical Association. Flexner's critiques in the field of education were primarily focused on pedagogical approaches at different stages of education; he was particularly critical of the university level, postgraduate programs, and the absence of humanistic training, which had been supplanted by research. The article closes by raising the question of whether or not the problems related to education - and medical education in particular - identified by Flexner between the late 19th and early 20th century are still relevant to medical schools and universities in Latin American countries today.</p>","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4177
Volnei Garrafa
{"title":"[Bioethics and transdisciplinarity as bridges for dialogue between health sciences and social and/or human sciences in the context of the ethics evaluation of research].","authors":"Volnei Garrafa","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.4149
Oriol Romaní
{"title":"[Ethics and Anthropology: A commentary on Andrea Quadrelli's article \"The ethical exercise in dispute\"].","authors":"Oriol Romaní","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.4149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.4149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e4149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.3891
Raquel Santos, Octávio Sacramento, Vera Mendonça
{"title":"[On the margins of care: sex workers' experiences of health and social (non-)protection in Oporto, Portugal].","authors":"Raquel Santos, Octávio Sacramento, Vera Mendonça","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.3891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.3891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyzes the social and health challenges linked to sex work and the interventions carried out within this arena, taking into consideration the ways in which prostitution is socially marginalized. Basing our analysis on the experiences and understandings of sex workers practicing in the city of Oporto (Portugal), we attempt to understand the main forms of vulnerability faced by this group, along with the ways in which they experience the relationship with State services and social and health interventions that target them. Qualitative field research was conducted involving a case study of an intervention project. Data collection was carried out from March to June 2019, and included documentary research, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews with project staff and six sex workers. Among the results of our study, we found that sex workers are subject to severe constraints, limiting their use of informal support networks and their access to State social protection and healthcare services. Moreover, although the intervention project based on harm reduction intended to support these women and was indeed valued, it had a strong epidemiological prevention bias favoring an individualistic and assistentialist approach, while failing to address other social vulnerabilities identified by the women themselves.</p>","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e3891"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salud ColectivaPub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.18294/sc.2022.3942
Francisco Aguayo
{"title":"[Male depression and its symptoms: A qualitative study with Chilean adult men].","authors":"Francisco Aguayo","doi":"10.18294/sc.2022.3942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2022.3942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Chile, one out of every ten men presents signs or symptoms of depression each year. However, few studies within Chile or other Latin American countries address the qualitative or narrative aspects of depression in men. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the narrative construction of depression and its symptoms in men. This qualitative study was based on interviews with nine Chilean men who had gone through an experience of this nature, which were conducted between June and October 2020. A life history methodology was used to explore depressive processes involved in each individual's biography as well as the symptoms reported in each case. The results show that these men experienced a constellation of symptoms during depression, some of which are atypical as they do not match those described in diagnostic manuals. Three types of narratives were identified, and were termed frustration, breakdown, and insecurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":44640,"journal":{"name":"Salud Colectiva","volume":"18 ","pages":"e3942"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10356501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}