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Language sources and the reconstruction of early languages 语言来源与早期语言的重建
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1075/dia.18026.bau
B. Bauer
{"title":"Language sources and the reconstruction of early languages","authors":"B. Bauer","doi":"10.1075/dia.18026.bau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.18026.bau","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article argues that with the original emphasis on dialectal variation, using primarily literary texts from various regions, analysis of Old French has routinely neglected social variation, providing an incomplete picture of its grammar. Accordingly, Old French has been identified as typically featuring e.g. “pro-drop”, brace constructions, and single negation. Yet examination of these features in informal texts, as opposed to the formal texts typically dealt with, demonstrates that these documents do not corroborate the picture of Old French that is commonly presented in the linguistic literature. Our reconstruction of Old French grammar therefore needs adjustment and further refinement, in particular by implementing sociolinguistic data. With a broader scope, the call for inclusion of sociolinguistic variation may resonate in the investigation of other early languages, resulting in the reassessment of the sources used, and reopening the debate about social variation in dead languages and its role in language evolution.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"273-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46437401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The diachrony of participles in the (pre)history of Greek and Hittite 希腊语和赫梯语（前）历史中分词的历时性
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1075/dia.18040.gre
L. Grestenberger
{"title":"The diachrony of participles in the (pre)history of Greek and Hittite","authors":"L. Grestenberger","doi":"10.1075/dia.18040.gre","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.18040.gre","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses two case studies of diachronic “voice flipping” in which the syntax of a participle appears to change from active or “subject-oriented” to passive (Ancient Greek -menos to Modern Greek -menos) and from resultative/stative to active (ProtoIndo-European *-nt-; Hittite -antvs. Ancient Greek -nt-). While the first type of change is the result of a diachronic reanalysis by which a functional projection (VoiceP) is lost, the second type in fact adds an active Voice head. Both changes are the result of the simultaneous availability of a stative and an eventive reading in deverbal adjectival forms and could belong to a larger “participle cycle”. However, unlike in other changes usually discussed under the label “cycle”, unidirectional economy principles do not apply in these cases. Rather, these cases provide evidence that some types of morphosyntactic change, especially those related to event and argument structure, are driven by reanalysis of the feature content of functional heads under local structural ambiguity.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"215-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41983215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Phylogenetic linguistic evidence and the Dene-Yeniseian homeland 系统发育语言学证据和dene - yenisian人的家园
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1075/dia.17038.yan
I. Yanovich
{"title":"Phylogenetic linguistic evidence and the Dene-Yeniseian homeland","authors":"I. Yanovich","doi":"10.1075/dia.17038.yan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.17038.yan","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sicoli & Holton (2014) (PLoS ONE 9:3, e91722) use computational phylogenetics to argue that linguistic data from the putative, but likely, Dene-Yeniseian macro-family are better compatible with a homeland in Beringia (i.e., northeastern Siberia plus northwestern Alaska) than with one in central Siberia or deeper Asia. I show that a more careful examination of the data invalidates this conclusion: in fact, linguistic data do not support Beringia as the homeland. In the course of showing this, I discuss, without requiring a deep mathematical background, a number of methodological issues concerning computational phylogenetic analyses of linguistic data and drawing inferences from them. The aim is to contribute to making computational phylogenetics less of a black box for historical linguists. I conclude with a brief overview of the current evidence bearing on the Dene-Yeniseian homeland from linguistics, archaeology, folklore studies and genetics, and suggest current best practice for linguistic phylogenetics, the use of which would have helped to avoid some of the problems in Sicoli and Holton’s Dene-Yeniseian study, and in turn the percolation of those problems into subsequent synthetic interdisciplinary research.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Palenquero origins 帕伦基罗起源
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1075/dia.19019.par
Mikael Parkvall, B. Jacobs
{"title":"Palenquero origins","authors":"Mikael Parkvall, B. Jacobs","doi":"10.1075/dia.19019.par","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.19019.par","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Palenquero is a Spanish-lexified creole spoken in Columbia. We argue that existing hypotheses regarding its birth are problematic in several regards. This article addresses the inconsistencies in these hypotheses and provides an alternative, more coherent account. More precisely, we take issue with the following three claims: (a) Palenquero is the result of a two-language encounter; (b) it has its roots in a West African Afro-Portuguese proto-variety; (c) an ancestral form of the creole emerged in the port city of Cartagena. We then set out to present our own, more economical, formation scenario, according to which Palenquero was formed in the early 1600s in the linguistically heterogenous maroon communities of the Cartagenan hinterlands.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"540-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
r-Epenthesis and the bigrade alternation r-Epenthesis与bigrade交替
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1075/dia.18038.dec
Brent de Chene
{"title":"r-Epenthesis and the bigrade alternation","authors":"Brent de Chene","doi":"10.1075/dia.18038.dec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.18038.dec","url":null,"abstract":"For Japanese verbal suffixes sensitive to the C/V polarity of the stem-final segment, C-stem alternants are underlying, and regular V-stem alternants result from intervocalic epenthesis of r at stem boundary (de Chene 2016). This “Analysis A” entails that any V-stem suffix not consisting of r plus its C-stem counterpart is irregular and subject to replacement. While the r-Epenthesis rule of Analysis A is naturally understood as a generalization of the r-zero alternation of three suffixes that have shown it since the eighth century, however, the innovative r-initial suffixes of other categories do not appear until the eighteenth. This lag is illuminated by the dialects of Kyūshū, where adoption of Analysis A is blocked by the “bigrade” stem alternation, which in most dialects was leveled in the seventeenth century. Building on a discussion of leveling that treats that phenomenon as a subtype of regularization, it is proposed in explanation of this “bigrade blocking” effect that the order in which alternations become subject to regularization is constrained by the phonological distance between alternants. Investigation of the possibility that the bigrade alternation and Analysis A are related by a triggering effect as well as by a blocking effect, finally, leads to a new account of the adoption of Analysis A.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"178-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46312399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Anti-scope prefix order and zero-marked obliques 反作用域前缀顺序和零标记的斜线
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1075/dia.18048.bak
B. Baker, M. Harvey
{"title":"Anti-scope prefix order and zero-marked obliques","authors":"B. Baker, M. Harvey","doi":"10.1075/dia.18048.bak","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.18048.bak","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 A number of indigenous languages of northern Australia have complex systems of noun class prefixation\u0000 incorporating the formal realization of case or topicality, as well as class. The markers of case and topicality occur inside the\u0000 marking of class, in an unexpected position according to considerations of scope. In addition, where case is marked, zero marking\u0000 is associated with oblique case roles while core roles are associated with substantive marking; again, an unexpected pattern given\u0000 universals of case expression. We present evidence for the diachronic development of these noun class prefixation systems from an\u0000 older system of demonstratives prefixed for class via a grammaticalization path: demonstrative > topic article > topic\u0000 prefix. The class/topic prefixes then developed into class/case-marking prefixes through frequency correlations between topic,\u0000 case, animacy and humanness. All stages in our reconstructed pathway are attested by extant languages.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"133-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48689566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Norsk Språkhistorie IV Tidslinjer, Nesse, Agnete (ed.) 挪威历史IV时间链接，尼斯，时代（ed）
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1075/dia.20018.sun
John D. Sundquist
{"title":"Norsk Språkhistorie IV Tidslinjer, Nesse, Agnete (ed.)","authors":"John D. Sundquist","doi":"10.1075/dia.20018.sun","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.20018.sun","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"264-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46559330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A study of the development of the Chinese correlative comparative construction from the perspective of constructionalization 建构主义视野下的中国关联比较建构发展研究
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-04-21 DOI: 10.1075/dia.18025.zha
Fangqiong Zhan, E. Traugott
{"title":"A study of the development of the Chinese correlative comparative construction from the perspective of\u0000 constructionalization","authors":"Fangqiong Zhan, E. Traugott","doi":"10.1075/dia.18025.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.18025.zha","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper addresses the emergence and development of the Chinese correlative comparative construction (CrCC) from the perspective of constructionalization. Most previous historical studies of the CrCC take a grammaticalization approach (e.g., Long 2013), focusing mainly on morphosyntax alone rather than investigating syntax and semantics in an integrated way. However, the architecture of construction grammar requires approaching linguistic analysis with both form and meaning equally in mind. This approach suggests that what have sometimes been considered to be merely different formal expressions of the CrCC are in fact two different constructions, one correlative, and the other a simple incremental. We identify the critical contexts (see Diewald & Smirnova 2010) that by hypothesis enabled the constructionalization of the CrCC, and point to the importance of considering network reorganization and multiple sources in the development of the simple incremental construction (see e.g., Boas 2008; Van de Velde et al. 2013).","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"83-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48027911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Grammaticalization without Feature Economy 没有特征经济的语法化
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-04-21 DOI: 10.1075/dia.19008.hal
T. Halm
{"title":"Grammaticalization without Feature Economy","authors":"T. Halm","doi":"10.1075/dia.19008.hal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.19008.hal","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present paper is a corpus-based study of the Voice Cycle in Hungarian. Based on data from the Old Hungarian Corpus and the Hungarian Historical Corpus, I will argue that while in Old Hungarian, middle voice was encoded through a separate inflectional paradigm (contextual allomorphy in the subject agreement suffix conditional on the feature content of a silent Voice head), in Modern Hungarian, middle voice is encoded through dedicated middle voice suffixes (i.e., the Voice head is spelled out overtly). I will claim that the underlying grammaticalization process involved the reanalysis of frequentative suffixes (v heads) as middle voice suffixes (Voice heads). I will show that this reinterpretation was not based on shared abstract features, but rather, on a principled correlation between middle voice and frequentative aspect: since some types of middles (antipassives and dispositional middles) were more likely to be associated with a frequentative or habitual reading than actives, frequentative suffixes were susceptible to reanalysis as middle suffixes in the course of language acquisition. I will thus claim that in addition to Feature Economy (van Gelderen 2011), reinterpretation based on correlation between featurally independent grammatical markers should also be regarded as a mechanism of grammaticalization.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44097808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Perfective marking conditioned by transitivity status in Western Mande 在西曼德语中，由及物状态决定的完美标记
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2020-04-21 DOI: 10.1075/dia.18050.idi
Dmitry Idiatov
{"title":"Perfective marking conditioned by transitivity status in Western Mande","authors":"Dmitry Idiatov","doi":"10.1075/dia.18050.idi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.18050.idi","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides a diachronic construction-based explanation of the differential perfective marking conditioned by transitivity status in Western Mande languages, using the Greater Manding group as an exemplar case. This typologically unusual phenomenon has previously been erroneously cast in terms of case alignment, either synchronically (in terms of bidirectional case markers) or historically (in terms of an earlier split-ergative stage). The central insight of my explanation is that the Positive Perfective constructions of the Western Mande languages are multiple-source constructions. The in-depth reconstruction of these constructions presented in the paper provides a theoretically significant illustration of a pattern of repeated emergence of constructional competition in a particular semantic domain, which is subsequently resolved through constructional specialization and merger, resulting in multiple-source constructions and a typologically unusual pattern of differential TAM and polarity marking.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":"37 1","pages":"43-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46171670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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