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An agent-based modelling approach to wave-like diversification of language families 语系波浪式多样化的代理建模方法
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1075/dia.23010.har
Frederik Hartmann
{"title":"An agent-based modelling approach to wave-like diversification of language families","authors":"Frederik Hartmann","doi":"10.1075/dia.23010.har","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23010.har","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In contrast to phylogenetic tree inference, wave model approaches are often regarded as difficult to\u0000 computationally implement for inference of language relatedness. This paper proposes a basic framework for the computational\u0000 modelling of wave-like diversification in language families and explains the model type of agent-based models for linguistic data.\u0000 The approach is based on agent-based simulations which allow for the detailed simulation of speaker interactions within speech\u0000 communities. The proposed framework operates by simulating a large number of possible diversification situations with different\u0000 parameter settings and selecting those runs that yield a good fit to the linguistic data of the geographical spread of different\u0000 languages. The model can be fed with the geographical extent of languages and their known innovations in order to computationally\u0000 reconstruct the most likely diversification scenarios of these languages under the wave model.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Natural Language Processing for Ancient Greek 古希腊自然语言处理
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1075/dia.23013.sto
Silvia Stopponi, N. Pedrazzini, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Barbara McGillivray, Malvina Nissim
{"title":"Natural Language Processing for Ancient Greek","authors":"Silvia Stopponi, N. Pedrazzini, Saskia Peels-Matthey, Barbara McGillivray, Malvina Nissim","doi":"10.1075/dia.23013.sto","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23013.sto","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Computational methods have produced meaningful and usable results to study word semantics, including semantic\u0000 change. These methods, belonging to the field of Natural Language Processing, have recently been applied to ancient languages; in\u0000 particular, language modelling has been applied to Ancient Greek, the language on which we focus. In this contribution we explain\u0000 how vector representations can be computed from word co-occurrences in a corpus and can be used to locate words in a semantic space,\u0000 and what kind of semantic information can be extracted from language models. We compare three different kinds of language models\u0000 that can be used to study Ancient Greek semantics: a count-based model, a word embedding model and a syntactic embedding model;\u0000 and we show examples of how the quality of their representations can be assessed. We highlight the advantages and potential of\u0000 these methods, especially for the study of semantic change, together with their limitations.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The dialect chain tree 方言链树
IF 0.6 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1075/dia.23014.elg
Erik Elgh, Harald Hammarström
{"title":"The dialect chain tree","authors":"Erik Elgh, Harald Hammarström","doi":"10.1075/dia.23014.elg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23014.elg","url":null,"abstract":"A perennial conflict in historical linguistics centers around the theoretical and practical virtues of tree-like\u0000 divergence and wave-like diffusion. This paper presents the Dialect Chain Tree, an extension of the tree model that incorporates\u0000 both tree-like descent and disintegration of dialect chains in a systematic fashion. As such, it provides a formalization and\u0000 sharpening of Ross’ (1997: 212–228) linkage concept that allows integration into\u0000 quantitative approaches.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mother left, Father right 母亲在左，父亲在右
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1075/dia.21052.nys
Victoria Nyst, A. Schüller
{"title":"Mother left, Father right","authors":"Victoria Nyst, A. Schüller","doi":"10.1075/dia.21052.nys","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.21052.nys","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Studies of diachronic change in sign languages are only available for a small number of sign languages, in part\u0000 due to the scarcity of historical resources for sign languages. This article presents the first study of diachronic change in\u0000 Nederlandse Gebarentaal ‘Dutch Sign Language’ (NGT) and Vlaamse Gebarentaal ‘Flemish Sign\u0000 Language’ (VGT). It looks at the impact of an artificial sign system on the lexicons of the Gestel variant of NGT and the Limburg\u0000 variant of VGT. The recovery of two 19th century manuscripts describing 3,000 signs and 7,000 signs of this system respectively\u0000 enables us to compare this artificial system with published data for NGT and VGT from the 1950s and the present.\u0000 We focus on the resilience of an artificial distinction that is not considered distinctive in other natural sign\u0000 languages, i.e., an absolute left/right distinction for gender marking in kinship terms. The results show that the NGT and VGT\u0000 variants have partially changed or replaced all the artificial signs, except UNCLE/AUNT, NEPHEW/NIECE in NGT and PARENTS in VGT.\u0000 The partial changes shed light on the mechanisms through which artificial elements are nativized to fit the phonological system of\u0000 these sign languages. The changes observed in the left/right paradigm have implications for our understanding of the distribution\u0000 of laterality in sign language phonology in general.\u0000 Finally, the impact of the highly restricted access to language models that were part of the strict oralist\u0000 approaches in these school, and the consequent impoverished language input on diachronic change and lexical innovation are\u0000 discussed.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An approach to path movement in the diachronic study of sign languages 手语非同步研究中的路径移动方法
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1075/dia.23033.nap
D. Napoli, Nathan Sanders
{"title":"An approach to path movement in the diachronic study of sign languages","authors":"D. Napoli, Nathan Sanders","doi":"10.1075/dia.23033.nap","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23033.nap","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sign languages seem not to be amenable to traditional historical reconstruction via the comparative method, making\u0000 it difficult to replicate the successes achieved in the diachronic study of spoken languages. We propose to alleviate this\u0000 difficulty with an alternative approach that draws upon nonarbitrariness and biomechanics, especially the drive for reducing\u0000 articulatory effort. We offer a demonstration of this approach, which can add confirmation to known relationships between sign\u0000 languages and new evidence in support of suspected relationships, helping to fill in a methodological gap in the diachronic study\u0000 of sign languages.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Obituary 讣告
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1075/dia.24005.cam
Lyle Campbell, S. G. Thomason
{"title":"Obituary","authors":"Lyle Campbell, S. G. Thomason","doi":"10.1075/dia.24005.cam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.24005.cam","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139791118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Obituary 讣告
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1075/dia.24005.cam
Lyle Campbell, S. G. Thomason
{"title":"Obituary","authors":"Lyle Campbell, S. G. Thomason","doi":"10.1075/dia.24005.cam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.24005.cam","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender reduction in contact 减少性别接触
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1075/dia.22011.bal
M. A. Baló, Zuzana Bodnárová
{"title":"Gender reduction in contact","authors":"M. A. Baló, Zuzana Bodnárová","doi":"10.1075/dia.22011.bal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.22011.bal","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present paper investigates the reduction of gender assignment and agreement in a nineteenth-century Romani\u0000 variety in contact with genderless Hungarian. This reduction took place within two generations of native speakers. We compare the\u0000 geographical and sociolinguistic situation with the majority of present-day Romani varieties, which still maintain the original\u0000 two-way (masculine, feminine) gender system. By comparing these varieties with the few Romani varieties which also display\u0000 reduction of their gender system, we show that the development of this particular typological change may be the outcome of the\u0000 minority situation of Romani and its geographical proximity to a genderless language. However, as rural varieties do not exhibit\u0000 the same kind of erosion, this is not a sufficient explanation; what also appears to play a role in the Romani case is the urban\u0000 context of the change. This sociolinguistic factor might also be considered in other case studies on the loss of grammatical\u0000 gender.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diachrony and Diachronica 二同步和二同步
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1075/dia.23064.bow
Claire Bowern
{"title":"Diachrony and Diachronica","authors":"Claire Bowern","doi":"10.1075/dia.23064.bow","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.23064.bow","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abrupt grammatical reorganization of an emergent sign language 新兴手语的突然语法重组
IF 0.7 2区 文学
Diachronica Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1075/dia.22039.ger
Austin German
{"title":"Abrupt grammatical reorganization of an emergent sign language","authors":"Austin German","doi":"10.1075/dia.22039.ger","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.22039.ger","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study traces the development of discrete, combinatorial structure in Zinacantec Family Homesign (‘Z Sign’), a\u0000 sign language developed since the 1970s by several deaf siblings in Mexico (Haviland\u0000 2020b), focusing on the expression of motion. The results reveal that the first signer, who generated a homesign system\u0000 without access to language models, represents motion events holistically. Later-born signers, who acquired this homesign system\u0000 from infancy, distribute the components of motion events over sequences of discrete signs. Furthermore, later-born signers exhibit\u0000 greater regularity of form-meaning mappings and increased articulatory efficiency. Importantly, these changes occur abruptly\u0000 between the first- and second-born signers, rather than incrementally across signers. This study extends previous findings for\u0000 Nicaraguan Sign Language (Senghas et al. 2004) to a social group of a much smaller\u0000 scale, suggesting that the parallel processes of cultural transmission and language acquisition drive language emergence,\u0000 regardless of community size.","PeriodicalId":44637,"journal":{"name":"Diachronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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