{"title":"XBRL reporting in firms with data breach incidents","authors":"Wanying Jiang, Chunhao Xu, Roy Wayne Counts","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22701","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22701","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted new rules mandating that firms disclose cybersecurity incidents and risk management procedures for inline XBRL reporting, highlighting the regulator's concern about firms’ response to data breaches. In this study, we examine whether firms use XBRL strategically to hinder external stakeholders from understanding the impact of announced data breaches. We find that firm XBRL filing complexity increases following data breaches. Further investigation suggests that the increased XBRL complexity is concentrated on financial statement note tags instead of financial statement tags. The findings imply that firms with data breach incidents are likely to increase XBRL reporting complexity to mitigate stock market reactions. We also find that analysts following moderate the relationship between the data breach and XBRL reporting timeliness. These findings provide empirical evidence about XBRL reporting changes after data breach incidents and contribute to cybersecurity literature and XBRL filing regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact Dodd Frank's Act on audit firm tenure","authors":"Henri Akono","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22697","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the effect of Dodd Frank's Act of 2010 (Dodd's Act) on the duration of the auditor-client relationship. One of the provisions of Dodd's Act was to permanently exempt nonaccelerated filers from mandatory internal control audits and to maintain the internal control requirement for accelerated filers. The results indicate that average audit firm tenure has increased significantly in the post-Dodd period, and there is a post-Dodd increase (decrease) in long and medium (short) tenure. Furthermore, the increase is more pronounced for nonaccelerated filers on average, and varies across big4 and non-big4 auditors. The inferences are robust to the inclusion of various controls, and to the exclusion of the financial crisis period (2008–2010). Collectively, the findings suggest that Dodd's Act permanent exemption has resulted in lower margins for auditors, and thus motivated audit firms, particularly non-big4 auditors, to extend their tenure with clients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How activist investors value target firms: Evidence from hedge fund presentations","authors":"Maximilian Pfirrmann, Korbinian Eichner","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22689","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22689","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research study provides insights on how activist hedge funds perform valuation analyses of target firms. Relevant data was hand-collected from a sample of activist hedge fund presentations. Based on the hedge funds’ valuation analyses, the undervaluation of the target firms amounts to approximately 30%, compared to the targets’ current share price. Besides, activist investors derive a value enhancement potential from their proposed strategies of approximately 70% to the targets’ current share price. These valuation results rely predominately on trading multiples. The dominant multiples are Enterprise value/EBITDA (EV/EBITDA) and Price/Earnings (P/E). Further, applied multiples are mainly forward-looking, and the predicted performance measures are primarily consensus estimates. Besides, hedge funds sometimes adjust multiples arbitrarily to increase the comparability. Our results confirm that short-term investors rely predominately on pricing analyses in their valuations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcaf.22689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Has R&D investment become riskier for CEOs after the Sarbanes Oxley Act?","authors":"SeungWon Lee","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22698","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22698","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the link between R&D investment variability and CEO turnover across the eras surrounding the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). It posits that, after SOX, R&D expenditure hikes not matched by sales growth may trigger more frequent CEO turnover, driven by a perceived increase in risk. Data from 1996 to 2010 reveal that, before SOX, R&D increases positively correlate with CEO job stability. In contrast, after SOX, a rise in R&D spending is linked to a higher rate of CEO turnover, particularly involuntary dismissals. The study further identifies that post-SOX, the negative impact of R&D spikes on CEO turnover is significantly mitigated when such investment aligns with sales growth. The findings suggest a significant influence of R&D investments on CEO turnover, underscoring the need for boards to deliberate the consequences of R&D spending and CEO turnover to better align shareholders and CEO interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcaf.22698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Augustine Donkor, Terri Trireksani, Hadrian Geri Djajadikerta
{"title":"Incremental value relevancies in the development of reporting of sustainability performance","authors":"Augustine Donkor, Terri Trireksani, Hadrian Geri Djajadikerta","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22694","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainability reporting was introduced after financial reporting to meet the social and environmental informational needs of stakeholders, while integrated reporting was initiated to integrate financial reporting and sustainability reporting to advance the decision usefulness of corporate disclosure practices. Despite claims and evidence of the value relevance of each reporting framework exclusively, studies on the incremental value relevancies of these subsequent disclosure practices have been sparse. Using a sample of firms from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2020 and firms’ capital market liquidity performance, this study finds that sustainability reporting and integrated reporting are not only value-relevant disclosure practices but also offer incremental value relevancies. Sustainability reporting provides incremental value relevance over financial reporting, and integrated reporting offers incremental value relevance over financial reporting and sustainability reporting. However, the findings do not find support for integrated reporting to replace the practices of financial reporting and sustainability reporting and affirm the contribution of each of the three reports in the corporate reporting space.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcaf.22694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unmasking market turmoil by decoding stock market dynamics post-fraud allegations: Evidence from Adani-Hindenburg case","authors":"Nishant Sapra, Shubham Kakran, Arpit Sidhu, Ashish Kumar","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22696","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22696","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article investigates how the devastating repercussions of fraud allegations, as outlined in the Hindenburg report, are actively and critically affecting the stock prices of the Adani Group. This investigation, which explores the foundation of the accused companies' financial health and market trust, is crucial. These ramifications go far beyond Adani Group and are highly relevant to potential investors globally, highlighting the urgent need for a thorough comprehension of these dynamics in the context of the global market environment. The journey from stock market crash to market correction is analyzed using the theoretical lens of Risk Aversion theory. At the same time, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) assumptions are being tested. The study employs a long-term event study approach to analyze the stock price impact of the Hindenburg report using the Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) methodology. For analysis, a sample of six Adani group companies and relevant stakeholders like creditors, LIC, immediate counterparts of each company, and NIFTY bank indices are considered. The study finds that the stock prices of four out of six Adani Group companies declined significantly after the Hindenburg report, defying the assumptions of the EMH. Risk-seeking investors' regulatory assurance and investment may have helped in a market correction. The associated banks (lenders to Adani) and Banking indices depicted a price decline on the second and third days, which reversed on the fourth day, indicating a diminished spillover effect. Moreover, no competitor besides Tata Power saw abnormally large gains. This study analyses the event from the lens of Risk aversion and tests the assumption of EMH. The study concludes that these findings have practical implications for investors (risk-averse and risk-seeking), policymakers, and researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139822267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Gyung Paik, Bo Meng, Brandon Byunghwan Lee, Nhat Q. Nguyen
{"title":"CEO turnover after product-harm crises","authors":"Daniel Gyung Paik, Bo Meng, Brandon Byunghwan Lee, Nhat Q. Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22693","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22693","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Product-harm crises are discrete events in which product failures expose consumers to safety hazards. Firms facing such crises must legally recall their products to protect consumers from further harm. In this study, we examine the effects of product-harm crises and their recall strategies on CEO turnover. We find that firms are more likely to replace their CEOs after issuing product recalls, especially for recalls that are proactive and that offer extensive corrective actions. We further find that firms with poor performance and with limited financial flexibility are more likely to dismiss their CEOs after product recalls. Our study contributes to the disciplines of accounting, finance, and management by documenting product-harm crises are a strong predictor of CEO dismissal, that is, incremental to other measures of firm performance for U.S. companies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcaf.22693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139832738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The importance of cybersecurity disclosures in customer relationships","authors":"Aaron Nelson, Shensi Wang","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22695","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22695","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating use of digital technologies has spotlighted the crucial role of cybersecurity in safeguarding sensitive information within companies. This study explores the relationship between a firm's major customers and its cybersecurity awareness. Drawing on SEC-mandated disclosures, we employ four proxies to measure changes in customer-supplier relationships. Our findings reveal that customers increase their purchases from suppliers whose cybersecurity awareness scores improve. Additionally, we examine the interplay between customers and suppliers more susceptible to nonpublic adverse news, particularly during cyber events. The study emphasizes the importance of cybersecurity disclosure for regulators, supply chain partners, and corporate management. It also contributes to the literature on factors influencing the duration of customer-supplier relationships and underscores the significance of supplier characteristics. “Understanding and disclosing cybersecurity risks are” paramount in an increasingly digital business landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139825653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CEO characteristics and bank stability: Evidence from an emerging economy","authors":"Nam Pham Hai, Chi Le Ha Diem","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22690","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the effect of CEO characteristics on bank stability of commercial banks in Vietnam. The study used regression models Pooled OLS, Fixed effects Model (FEM), random effects model (REM), and Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) to evaluate the relationship between CEO characteristics and bank stability of 26 commercial banks in Vietnam. To deal with the limitations of traditional regression methods, we propose Bayesian regression method. The data collection period in the study is from 2013 to 2022. In these regression models, CEO power, female CEO, CEO tenure, and CEO age are independent variables. The dependent variable representing bank stability is the <i>Z</i>-score. The research results show that the factors CEO power, female CEO, CEO tenure, CEO age have a positive impact on bank stability in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Et tu, Bruté?”: Do audit committees besmirch investors’ desire for increased disclosures?","authors":"Amanda Grossman, Najib Sahyoun, Ian Twardus","doi":"10.1002/jcaf.22692","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcaf.22692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the results of a content analysis of the comment letters submitted in response to the SEC concept release on the enhancements of audit committee disclosures. The comment letters were drafted by investors and a cross-section of various governance actors or practitioners, such as audit committees, management, legal advisers, and auditors. Hence, the letters provide insights as to how these different groups interpret the proposed revisions and try to adapt them according to their needs and context. The comment letters are analyzed through the framework of the behavioral theory of boards and corporate governance, which arguably better explains the analysis results over the traditional agency theory framework. The theory examines governance actors’ interactions and behavioral processes and asserts that the corporation is a nexus of stakeholders’ coalitions, who render decisions primarily through engaging in political bargaining rather than through evaluating investor needs. Results show that, while investors are urging enhanced disclosures, audit committee respondents are against the suggested improvements. These results are consistent with the behavioral theory of boards and corporate governance but inconsistent with an agency theory perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":44561,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}